石甘散对戊四氮致痫大鼠氧化应激反应及Nrf2、HO-1因子影响的研究

目的观察石甘散及其主要药物甘松、石菖蒲对戊四氮致痫大鼠氧化应激反应的影响,并根据核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)和血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)因子的变化研究石甘散可能的抗氧化作用机制。方法除空白组外,将点燃成功的戊四氮致痫大鼠随机分为模型组、西药组(丙戊酸钠灌胃治疗)、甘松组、石菖蒲组和石甘散组。所有大鼠经14 d干预后处死,取大鼠脑部海马组织,考马斯亮蓝法测定海马组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)蛋白含量,Western bloting法测定海马组织Nrf2和HO-1蛋白含量,RT-PCR法测定海马组织Nrf2 m RNA表达、HO-1 m RNA表达。结果 1)癫痫模型点燃成功后,大鼠海马组织SOD、GSH-Px含量明显降低,MDA含量明显升高(P<0.01)。丙戊酸钠、甘松、石菖蒲、石甘散均可以增加致痫大鼠SOD、GSH-Px含量、降低MDA含量,丙戊酸钠、石甘散作用效果强于甘松、石菖蒲单独应用(P<0.05或P<0.01),且两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2)癫痫模型点燃后,大鼠海马组织Nrf2、HO-1蛋白含量均升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。丙戊酸钠、甘松、石菖蒲、石甘散均能进一步增加Nrf2、HO-1蛋白含量,西药组、石甘散组Nrf2、HO-1蛋白的增加明显高于甘松、石菖蒲单独应用(P<0.05或P<0.01),且两组间效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3)癫痫模型点燃后,大鼠海马组织Nrf2 m RNA表达、HO-1 m RNA含量升高,丙戊酸钠、甘松、石菖蒲、石甘散均可以进一步使Nrf2 m RNA表达、HO-1 m RNA表达增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),且各治疗组间提高m RNA表达效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论石甘散及其配方组成甘松、石菖蒲均具有抗戊四氮致痫大鼠氧化应激损伤、清除自由基的作用,其作用效果可能与激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路中Nrf2因子并促进下游HO-1因子表达相关,甘松、石菖蒲的合成方石甘散作用效果最显著。

Protective effect of heme oxygenase-1 on Wistar rats with heart failure through the inhibition of inflammation and amelioration of intestinal micro- circulation

Background Myocardial infarction （MI） has likely contributed to the increased prevalence of heart failure （HF）. As a result of re- duced cardiac function, splanchnic blood flow decreases, causing ischemia in villi and damage to the intestinal barrier. The induction of heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） could prevent, or lessen the effects of stress and inflammation. Thus, the effect and mechanism thereof of HO-1 on the intestines of rats with HF was investigated. Methods Male Wistar rats with heart failure through ligation of the left coronary artery were identified with an left ventricular ejection fraction of 〈 45% through echocardiography and then divided into various experimental groups based on the type of peritoneal injection they received [MI： saline; MI ＋ Cobalt protoporphyrin （CoPP）： CoPP solution; and MI ＋ Tin mesoporphyrin IX dichloride （SnMP）： SnMP solution]. The control group was comprised of rats without coronary ligation. Echocardiogra- phy was performed before ligation for a baseline and eight weeks after ligation in order to evaluate the cardiac function of the rats. The bac- terial translocation （BT） incidence, mesenteric microcirculation, amount of endotoxins in the vein serum, ileum levels of HO- 1, carbon oxide （CO）, nitric oxide （NO）, intedeuldn （IL）-10, turnour necrosis factor-et （TNF-ct）, and the ileum morphology were determined eight weeks after the operation. Results The rats receiving MI ＋ CoPP injections exhibited a recovery in cardiac function, an amelioration of mesenteric microcirculation and change in morphology, a lower BT incidence, a reduction in serum and ileac NO and TNF-ct levels, and an elevation in ileac HO-1, CO, and interleukin-10 （[L-10） levels compared to the MI group （P 〈 0.05）. The rats that received the MI ＋ SnMP injections exhibited results inverse to the MI （P 〈 0.05） group. Conclusions HO-1 exerted a protective effect on the intestines of rats with HF by inhibiting the inflammation and amelioration of microcirculation through the CO pathway. This protective effect could be independent from the recovery of cardiac function.

Heme oxygenase-1 overexpression increases liver injury after bile duct ligation in rats

AIM： To investigate the effects of heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） against oxidant-induced injury caused by bile duct ligation （BDL）.METHODS： Either cobalt protoporphyrin （CoPP）, a HO-1 inducer, or saline were injected intraperitoneally in male SD-rats. Three days later, BDL or sham-operations were performed. Rats were sacrificed 3 wk after BDL and livers were harvested for histology. Fibrosis was evaluated by sirius red staining and image analysis. Alpha-smooth muscular actin, which indicates activation of stellate cells, was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and q/tokine and collagen- Iα （Col- I α） mRNA expression was detected using RNase protection assays.RESULTS： Serum alanine transaminase increased 8-fold above normal levels one day after BDL. Surprisingly, enzyme release was not reduced in rats receiving CoPP. Liver fibrosis was evaluated 3 wk after BDL and the sirius red-positive area was found to be increased to about 7.8%. However, in CoPP pretreated rats sirius redpositive areas were increased to about 11.7% after BDL. Collagen-1 α and TGF-β mRNA increased significantly by BDL. Again, this effect was increased by HO-1 overexpression.CONCLUSION： Hepatic fibrosis due to BDL is not reduced by the HO-1 inducer CoPP. In contrast, HO-1 overexpression increases liver injury in rats under conditions of experimental chronic cholestasis.

Antioxidant role of heme oxygenase-1 in prehepatic portal hypertensive rats

AIM： To study the effect of bilirubin on the oxidative liver status and the activity and expression of heine oxygenase-1 （HO-1） in rat liver injury induced by prehepatic portal hypertension. METHODS： Wistar male rats, weighing 200-250 g, were divided at random into two groups： one group with prehepatic portal hypertension （PH） induced by regulated prehepatic portal vein ligation （PPVL） and the other group corresponded to sham operated rats. Portal pressure, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant enzymes, HO-1 activity and expression and hepatic sinusoidal vasodilatation were measured. RESULTS： In PPVL rats oxidative stress was evidenced by a marked increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） content and a decrease in reduced glutathione （GSH） levels. The activities of liver antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） were also diminished while activity and expression of HO-1 were enhanced. Administration of bilirubin （5μmol/kg body weight） 24 h before the end of the experiment entirely prevented all these effects. Pretreatment with Sn-protoporphyrin IX （Sn-PPIX） （100 μg/kg body weight, i.p.）, a potent inhibitor of HO, completely abolished the oxidative stress and provoked a slight decrease in liver GSH levels as well as an increase in lipid peroxidation. Besides, carbon monoxide, another heme catabolic product, induced a significant increase in sinusoidal hepatic areas in PPVL group. Pretreatment of PPVL rats with Sn-PPIX totally prevented this effect CONCLUSION： These results suggest a beneficial role of HO-1 overexpression in prehepatic portal hypertensive rats.

The Impact Heme Oxygenase -1 on the Regulating Factors of Hepatoma Cells＇ Cell Cycle

It aims to analyze the impact heme oxygenase -1 （heme oxygenase 1, HO-1） on regulating factors of human hepatoma cell HepG2＇s cell cycle, through constructing recombinant vector of pcDNA3.1 containing wild-type and mutant HO-1 gene （＋）-wtHO-1 and pcDNA3.1 （＋）-mHO-1G143H. By using the method of liposome-mediated, the recombinant vector was transfected hepatoma cell line HepG2. And the transfected one with empty vector was treated as a control group. By the selection of G418, stable expression of wild-type and mutant HO-1 in HepG2 liver cancer cell lines were established. Use the blot of semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western to test transfected cell lines expressing levels of riO-1 mRNA and protein. As HO-1 expression in stably transfected cell lines altered, we use Western blot to test transfected cell lines P21, P27 protein expression levels. As result shows, we got 1 HO-over-expression of wild-type and mutant in HepG2 cells; wild- type and mutant＇s over expression of HO-1 can induce the expression of tumor suppressor genes p21 and p27.we got the conclusion that HO-l＇s over-expression of tumor suppressor genes p21 and p27 is unrelated to the expression of heme decomposition products. HO-1 may regulate the expression of p21 and p27 through other mechanisms.

丹参酮ⅡA对重症胰腺炎肺损伤大鼠的保护作用研究

目的探讨丹参酮ⅡA对重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤的作用及机制。方法 100只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)诱导组、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)抑制组和丹参酮ⅡA组5组各20只,后4组大鼠采用传统的牛磺胆酸钠法进行造模,丹参酮ⅡA组于术后给予40 mg/kg的丹参酮ⅡA腹腔注射,HO-1诱导组于造模后5 min静脉注射牛血晶素,COX-2抑制组于造模前2 h灌胃Celeeoxib水溶液,模型组、正常组给予等体积0.9%氯化钠注射液。分别观察各组大鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)与HO-1含量,肺组织匀浆中的髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、COX-2含量以及肺组织的病理学变化。结果各组大鼠肺组织病理学改变,正常组大鼠的肺组织结构完整,肺泡腔清晰,肺泡隔无水肿、炎细胞浸润等改变;模型组大鼠肺间质充血明显伴多量以淋巴细胞为主的炎细胞浸润,肺泡隔明显增厚,部分肺泡代偿性扩张;HO-1诱导组、COX-2抑制组大鼠肺间质轻度充血,肺泡隔轻度增厚,偶见局灶性炎细胞(淋巴细胞为主);丹参酮IIA组大鼠的肺间质充血、肺泡隔增厚、增厚范围及炎细胞浸润较模型组减轻。造模后3 h,模型组大鼠体内TNF-α、HO-1含量均高于正常组(均P<0.05),随后模型组大鼠体内TNF-α、HO-1含量急剧上升。造模后3 h,HO-1诱导组、COX-2抑制组与丹参酮ⅡA组大鼠体内的TNF-α含量开始下降,与模型组比较差别不大(P>0.05);而HO-1含量开始升高与模型组比较差别不大(P>0.05);造模后12 h,TNF-α含量与模型组比较下降(P<0.05),HO-1含量与模型组比较升高(P<0.05)。造模后3 h,模型组大鼠肺组织中MPO、COX-2含量均高于正常组(均P<0.05),随后模型组大鼠肺组织中MPO、COX-2含量均急剧上升(均P<0.05)。造模后3 h,HO-1诱导组、COX-2抑制组与丹参酮ⅡA组肺组织中MPO、COX-2含量开始降低,但与模型组比较差别不大(均P>0.05),造模后12 h,MPO、COX-2含量与模型组比较降低(均P<0.05)。结论丹参酮ⅡA对重症胰腺炎引起的肺损伤有明显改善作用,其机制可能是通过调控HO-1与COX-2的表达发挥肺损伤的保护作用。