Development of stable crops cultivars adapted to environmental constraints is very important for food security. Safflower, an oilseed crop which tolerates environmental abiotic stresses, is suitable for marginal lands...Development of stable crops cultivars adapted to environmental constraints is very important for food security. Safflower, an oilseed crop which tolerates environmental abiotic stresses, is suitable for marginal lands relatively dry and deprived from fertilizer inputs or irrigation. A set of Moroccan and introduced cultivars as well as international accessions were conducted at Oujda （Eastern of Morocco） during 2009-2010 for late and conventional sowing under two water regimes, in a field experiment using a completely randomized design, with three replications. The objective was to evaluate the effect of genotype and contrasting environment on safflower behavior and to select genotypes with large adaptation to the contrasted environmental conditions. Morphological, physiological and agronomic traits, as well as the stress susceptibility index （SSI）, were recorded in this study. Results showed significant effect of genotype, year （sowing time）, water regime and their interaction on most of the studied parameters. Late sowing and drought affected negatively all the parameters except seed oil which lightly increased under drought stress. Number of heads per plant （NHP） had the strongest association with seed yield under both drought and non-drought conditions, and hence could be taken as selection criterion for safflower seed yield improvement. Five accessions showed the highest overall mean seed yield （~ 1,000 kg/ha） and four accessions exhibited the highest overall mean seed oil content （〉 310 g/kg）. For late sowing, the accessions P1262421 and PI537604 produced the highest seed yield （〉 800 kg/ha） and the highest seed oil content （〉 290 g/kg）. For conventional sowing, the accessions PI250076 and PI250523 were the most performant, with a seed yield 〉 1,300 kg/ha and a seed oil content 〉 330 g/kg. Based on their mean productivity across environments, their SSI and their MDA, P1271073 and P1250076 could be selected and used as promising germplasm in safflower breeding program in Morocco as well as other dry areas throughout the world.展开更多
A 2 149 bp full length phytoene desaturase (PDS) cDNA was first cloned from saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigma using RT-PCR technique and a rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) strategy. The cDNA has an open reading...A 2 149 bp full length phytoene desaturase (PDS) cDNA was first cloned from saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigma using RT-PCR technique and a rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) strategy. The cDNA has an open reading frame of 1 697 bp, which encodes a polypeptide of 565 amino acids. The coding region of the cDNA was inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector pET-21a(+) and over-expressed inE. coli BL21 (DE3). The fusion proteins were found largely in an insoluble inclusion bodies. The purified fusion protein was used to immunize rabbits to obtain polyclonal antiserum with titer of 1×105. Western blot analysis by using this particular antiserum showed that the higher expression level of PDS in mature stigma than in leaves and stamen, and the higher expression level of PDS in mature stigma than in young stigma. Key words saffron - carotenoids - phytoene desaturase - gene expression - antiserum - Western blot CLC number Q 781 - Q 786 Foundation item: Supported by the Doctoral Foundation of the Ministry of Education, P. R. China and the Young Science Foundation of Sichuan University (Grant 0020405505012)Biography: Bai Jie (1968-), female, Ph. D candidate, research direction: plant developmental biology and reproductive engineering.展开更多
The blood-flesh peach has become popular in China due to its attractive anthocyanin-induced pigmenta- tion and antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin acc...The blood-flesh peach has become popular in China due to its attractive anthocyanin-induced pigmenta- tion and antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation by examining the expression of nine genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway found in the peach mesocarp. Expression was measured at six developmental stages in fruit of two blood-flesh and one white-flesh peach cultivars, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）. Results show that the expression of the chalcone synthase （CHS） gene was closely related to anthocyanin accumulation in both of the blood-flesh peaches. In the white-flesh peach, we found that the transcription level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL） during fruit development was much lower than that in the blood-flesh peach, even though all other genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were highly expressed, suggesting that the PAL gene may be limiting in antho- cyanin production in the white-flesh peach. Moreover, the transcription levels of the CHS and UDP-glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase （UFGT） genes were markedly up-regulated at three days after bag removal （DABR） in the blood-flesh peach, suggesting that CHS and UFGT are the key genes in the process of anthocyanin biosynthesis for both of the blood-flesh peaches. The present study will be of great help in improving understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in anthocyanin accumulation in blood-flesh peaches.展开更多
文摘Development of stable crops cultivars adapted to environmental constraints is very important for food security. Safflower, an oilseed crop which tolerates environmental abiotic stresses, is suitable for marginal lands relatively dry and deprived from fertilizer inputs or irrigation. A set of Moroccan and introduced cultivars as well as international accessions were conducted at Oujda （Eastern of Morocco） during 2009-2010 for late and conventional sowing under two water regimes, in a field experiment using a completely randomized design, with three replications. The objective was to evaluate the effect of genotype and contrasting environment on safflower behavior and to select genotypes with large adaptation to the contrasted environmental conditions. Morphological, physiological and agronomic traits, as well as the stress susceptibility index （SSI）, were recorded in this study. Results showed significant effect of genotype, year （sowing time）, water regime and their interaction on most of the studied parameters. Late sowing and drought affected negatively all the parameters except seed oil which lightly increased under drought stress. Number of heads per plant （NHP） had the strongest association with seed yield under both drought and non-drought conditions, and hence could be taken as selection criterion for safflower seed yield improvement. Five accessions showed the highest overall mean seed yield （~ 1,000 kg/ha） and four accessions exhibited the highest overall mean seed oil content （〉 310 g/kg）. For late sowing, the accessions P1262421 and PI537604 produced the highest seed yield （〉 800 kg/ha） and the highest seed oil content （〉 290 g/kg）. For conventional sowing, the accessions PI250076 and PI250523 were the most performant, with a seed yield 〉 1,300 kg/ha and a seed oil content 〉 330 g/kg. Based on their mean productivity across environments, their SSI and their MDA, P1271073 and P1250076 could be selected and used as promising germplasm in safflower breeding program in Morocco as well as other dry areas throughout the world.
文摘A 2 149 bp full length phytoene desaturase (PDS) cDNA was first cloned from saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigma using RT-PCR technique and a rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) strategy. The cDNA has an open reading frame of 1 697 bp, which encodes a polypeptide of 565 amino acids. The coding region of the cDNA was inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector pET-21a(+) and over-expressed inE. coli BL21 (DE3). The fusion proteins were found largely in an insoluble inclusion bodies. The purified fusion protein was used to immunize rabbits to obtain polyclonal antiserum with titer of 1×105. Western blot analysis by using this particular antiserum showed that the higher expression level of PDS in mature stigma than in leaves and stamen, and the higher expression level of PDS in mature stigma than in young stigma. Key words saffron - carotenoids - phytoene desaturase - gene expression - antiserum - Western blot CLC number Q 781 - Q 786 Foundation item: Supported by the Doctoral Foundation of the Ministry of Education, P. R. China and the Young Science Foundation of Sichuan University (Grant 0020405505012)Biography: Bai Jie (1968-), female, Ph. D candidate, research direction: plant developmental biology and reproductive engineering.
基金Project supported by the China Agriculture Research System(No.CAR-31)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(No.CX(15)2014)of China
文摘The blood-flesh peach has become popular in China due to its attractive anthocyanin-induced pigmenta- tion and antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation by examining the expression of nine genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway found in the peach mesocarp. Expression was measured at six developmental stages in fruit of two blood-flesh and one white-flesh peach cultivars, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）. Results show that the expression of the chalcone synthase （CHS） gene was closely related to anthocyanin accumulation in both of the blood-flesh peaches. In the white-flesh peach, we found that the transcription level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL） during fruit development was much lower than that in the blood-flesh peach, even though all other genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were highly expressed, suggesting that the PAL gene may be limiting in antho- cyanin production in the white-flesh peach. Moreover, the transcription levels of the CHS and UDP-glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase （UFGT） genes were markedly up-regulated at three days after bag removal （DABR） in the blood-flesh peach, suggesting that CHS and UFGT are the key genes in the process of anthocyanin biosynthesis for both of the blood-flesh peaches. The present study will be of great help in improving understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in anthocyanin accumulation in blood-flesh peaches.
