Objective To review the experience with endoscopic palliative treatment for malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) in 929 patients. Methods 929 patients (598 males and 331 females) underwent 1 215 endoscopic palliative ...Objective To review the experience with endoscopic palliative treatment for malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) in 929 patients. Methods 929 patients (598 males and 331 females) underwent 1 215 endoscopic palliative drainages for MOJ in our hospital. Tumor obstruction occurred in the distal common bile duct (CBD) (263 patients) , the middle CBD (43), and the hilum (909) . The mean biliru-bin level was 284.3umol/L( range 26 - 810) . Of the 1 215 drainages, 599 were performed by stenting with plastic endoprosthesis, 385 by naso-biliary catheterization, 167 by expandable metal stents, 39 by combined drainage method, 19 by tumor sphincterotomy and 6 by endoscopic fistulostomy.Results The successful rate of endoscopic procedure was 94.3 % . The jaundice symptom was improved in 81.8 % of the patients with a significant reduction of serum bilirubin in 64.7% . The complication after treatment occurred in 23 cases (2.6%), including cholangitis (23 cases), pancreatitis (8 cases), and bleeding (one case), and 3 cases were dead (0.2%) . The median survival time of all patients was 14 months and life time analysis showed a life expectancy of 75.9% , 44.0% and 25.2% at 1, 2 and 3 years respectively. Conclusion In the patients with MOJ secondary to pancreatobiliary malignancy, successful endoscopic drainage provides adequate relief of biliary obstruction and is associated with low morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic interventional treatment may be considered as an alternative of palliative biliary operation for the late stage of pancreatic and biliary malignancies.展开更多
Human rhodopsin kinase (RK) and a carboxyl terminus-truncated mutant RK lacking the last 59 amino acids (RKC) were expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells to investigate the role of the carboxyl terminus of RK i...Human rhodopsin kinase (RK) and a carboxyl terminus-truncated mutant RK lacking the last 59 amino acids (RKC) were expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells to investigate the role of the carboxyl terminus of RK in recognition and phosphorylation of rhodopsin. RKC, like the wild-type RK, was detected in both plasma membranes and cytosolic fractions. The Cterminal truncated rhodopsin kinase was unable to phosphorylate photo-activated rhodopsin, but possesses kinase activity similar to the wild-type RK in phosphorylation of small peptide substrate. It suggests that the truncation did not disturb the gross structures of RK catalytic domain. Our results also show that RKC failed to translocate to photo-activated rod out segments. Taken together,our study demonstrate the carboxyl terminus of RK is required for phosphorylation of photo-activated rhodopsin and strongly indicate that carboxyl-terminus of RK may be involved in interaction with photo-activated rhodopsin.展开更多
Introduction： EoE （eosinophilic esophagitis） is an inflammatory condition characterized by a dense eosinophilic infiltrate in the esophageal epithelium. In Brazil, it remains a poorly diagnosed disease due to the l...Introduction： EoE （eosinophilic esophagitis） is an inflammatory condition characterized by a dense eosinophilic infiltrate in the esophageal epithelium. In Brazil, it remains a poorly diagnosed disease due to the lack of interaction between the clinician, the endoscopist, and the pathologist. The diagnosis is performed by histological study of esophageal biopsies, with at least fifteen eosinophils per high-power field （EOS/HPF）. Some doubts remain with respect to patients with a clinical picture and symptoms compatible with the disease （EoE）, but who have a lower number of eosinophils than established. The main objective of this study was to create an endoscopic classification for EsEo （esophageal eosinophilia）, which pointed the way to the endoscopist towards the diagnosis. Methods： This study was a prospective, two-year study, at a gastrointestinal endoscopy center where all patients with endoscopic symptoms and/or endoscopic findings suggestive of EsEo were biopsied for histological examination of EOS/HPF. After the study and compilation of the results, a retrospective study was performed, based on a review of electronic medical records, where the same diagnosis was searched, although at a period when this classification was not adopted. Results： A total of 4,251 endoscopies were performed between September 2011 and September 2013. Two biopsies were performed, aimed at lesions, in 133 patients with clinical picture or imaging suggestive of EsEo. Eosinophils were found in 55 patients, corresponding to an incidence of 1.29% of the total population studied and 41.35% of the suspected cases of the disease. EoE was diagnosed in 24 patients during the period of this study. In the two-year retrospective study, only two cases of EoE were found. Conclusions： The results of this study demonstrate that the endoscopic standardization of esophageal lesions, suggestive of eosinophilia, in this case by classification, alerts the endoscopist for the diagnosis of EoE, prompting him to perform targeted biopsies. Further, it was observed that two samples of esophageal tissue were sufficient for the diagnosis. The relationship between the clinical picture, endoscopy, and histology was not evident in this study.展开更多
This paper describes theoretical steps to develop an optical nanobiosensor using bacteriorhodopsin （BR） as the biomembrane and Single-Walled Carbon NanoTube （SWCNT） as the scaffold. Bacteriorhodopsin is a retinal ...This paper describes theoretical steps to develop an optical nanobiosensor using bacteriorhodopsin （BR） as the biomembrane and Single-Walled Carbon NanoTube （SWCNT） as the scaffold. Bacteriorhodopsin is a retinal protein used by archaea that come under the family of halobacteria. This retinal protein acts as a proton pump and resulting proton gradient is used to change the voltage that pass across the drain and source. The biosensor contains nano ISFET where the channel is made of a carbon nanotube for the conduction of current. The gate is replaced by bacteriorhodopsin biomembrane. Bacteriorhodopsin can be used as a molecular-level ultra fast bi-stable red / green photo switch for making 3D optical molecular memories that reliably store data with 10,000 molecules/bit. The molecules switch in femtoseconds. Biomembrane will sense 510 nm and 650 nm wavelength of light and the sensing voltage can be used to convert the data into digital signals. This molecular level memory device can be used for ‘Read-Write＇ operations. The sensor performance will also be ultra fast since it uses photons for the data storage, which are much faster than electrons used in normal memory devices, and the 3D storage capacity is much higher maximum of 10^13/cm^2.展开更多
AIM To define clinical criteria to differentiate eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder(Eo GD) in the esophagus. METHODS Our criteria were defined based on the analyses of the clinical presentation of eosinophilic eso...AIM To define clinical criteria to differentiate eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder(Eo GD) in the esophagus. METHODS Our criteria were defined based on the analyses of the clinical presentation of eosinophilic esophagitis(Eo E), subepithelial eosinophilic esophagitis(s Eo E) and eosinophilic esophageal myositis(Eo EM), identified by endoscopy, manometry and serum immunoglobulin E levels(s-Ig E), in combination with histological and polymerase chain reaction analyses on esophageal tissue samples.RESULTS In five patients with Eo E, endoscopy revealed longitudinal furrows and white plaques in all, and fixed rings in two. In one patient with s Eo E and four with Eo EM, endoscopy showed luminal compression only. Using manometry, failed peristalsis was observed in patients with Eo E and s Eo E with some variation, while Eo EM was associated with hypercontractile or hypertensive peristalsis, with elevated s-Ig E. Histology revealed the following eosinophils per high-power field values. Eo E = 41.4 ± 7.9 in the epithelium and 2.3 ± 1.5 in the subepithelium; s Eo E = 3 in the epithelium and 35 in the subepithelium(conventional biopsy); Eo EM = none in the epithelium, 10.7 ± 11.7 in the subepithelium(conventional biopsy or endoscopic mucosal resection) and 46.8 ± 16.5 in the muscularis propria(peroral esophageal muscle biopsy). Presence of dilated epithelial intercellular space and downward papillae elongation were specific to Eo E. Eotaxin-3, IL-5 and IL-13 were overexpressed in Eo E.CONCLUSION Based on clinical and histological data, we identified criteria, which differentiated between Eo E, s Eo E and Eo EM, and reflected a different pathogenesis between these esophageal Eo GDs.展开更多
Objective To investigate the distribution of erythropoietin （EPO） and erythropoietin receptor （ EPOR ） expression in the postnatal rat retina development. Methods Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in...Objective To investigate the distribution of erythropoietin （EPO） and erythropoietin receptor （ EPOR ） expression in the postnatal rat retina development. Methods Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 7 groups according to their various postnatal days： postnatal 1 d （D1 group）, 3 d （D3 group）, I week （W1 group）, 2 weeks （W2 group）, 3 weeks （W3 group）, 4 weeks （W4 group） and8 weeks （W8 group） （ n = 6 ）. Single eye was randomly chosen from each rat for the study. The retinal sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin （HE） and used for the retina development observation. Immunohistochemical staining was used to localize EPO and EPOR expressions in retinas.of differentstages of development, and the expression intensities were determined by an image plus 4 program~~ Results The retinal inner nuclear layer （INL） and outer nuclear layer （ONL） were mixed together and had not yet fully differentiated in D1 and D3 groups. The INL and ONL formed their own independent regions and the outer plexiform layer （OPL） appeared between two layers in W1 group. With the postnatal retinal development, the inner plexiform layer （ IPL ） , rods and cones layer （ RCL ）, and OPL were gradually widened and stabilized in W2 to W3 groups. EPO/EPOR expressions located prominently in the inner part of the postnatal rat developing retinas. The expression of EPO in GCL and INL gradually increased from DI to W4, then the expression decreased in W8. Expression of EPOR in GCL gradually increased from DI to WI , then decreased in W2 ; and it gradually increased again from W3 to W8. Expression of EPOR in INL gradually increased from D1 to W1, then decreased in W2 ; and it continued to decrease from W3 to W8. Expression of EPOR in the external segment of RCL gradually increased from D1 to W8. However, expression in the internal segment of RCL gradually decreased from D1 to W3 , then no obvious expression was seen in the internal segment of RCL in W4 and W8. Conclusion EPO/EPOR expressions locate prominently in the inner part of the postnatal rat developing retina. And EPO/EPOR expressions in the rat retinas exist the dynamic changes during the postnatal retina development period.展开更多
To investigate presence and extent of eosinophilic cholangitis (EC) as well as IgG4-related disease in patients with indeterminate biliary stricture (IBS).METHODSAll patients with diagnosis of sclerosing cholangitis (...To investigate presence and extent of eosinophilic cholangitis (EC) as well as IgG4-related disease in patients with indeterminate biliary stricture (IBS).METHODSAll patients with diagnosis of sclerosing cholangitis (SC) and histopathological samples such as biopsies or surgical specimens at University Hospital Frankfurt from 2005-2015 were included. Histopathological diagnoses as well as further clinical course were reviewed. Tissue samples of patients without definite diagnosis after complete diagnostic work-up were reviewed regarding presence of eosinophilic infiltration and IgG4 positive plasma cells. Eosinophilic infiltration was as well assessed in a control group of liver transplant donors and patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.RESULTSone hundred and thirty-five patients with SC were included. In 10/135 (13.5%) patients, no potential cause of IBS could be identified after complete diagnostic work-up and further clinical course. After histopathological review, a post-hoc diagnosis of EC was established in three patients resulting in a prevalence of 2.2% (3/135) of all patients with SC as well as 30% (3/10) of patients, where no cause of IBS was identified. 2/3 patients with post-hoc diagnosis of EC underwent surgical resection with suspicion for malignancy. Diagnosis of IgG4-related cholangitis was observed in 7/135 patients (5.1%), whereas 3 cases were discovered in post-hoc analysis. 6/7 cases with IgG4-related cholangitis (85.7%) presented with eosinophilic infiltration in addition to IgG4 positive plasma cells. There was no patient with eosinophilic infiltration in the control group of liver transplant donors (n = 27) and patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 14).CONCLUSIONEC is an underdiagnosed benign etiology of SC and IBS, which has to be considered in differential diagnosis of IBS.展开更多
Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is a photochromic membrane protein isolated from a strain of halobacteria.Embedment of BR into a polymeric matrix enables the application of the photoactive protein as an optical material.In thi...Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is a photochromic membrane protein isolated from a strain of halobacteria.Embedment of BR into a polymeric matrix enables the application of the photoactive protein as an optical material.In this work,a chemically crosslinked BR/gelatin film was prepared.The cross-linked film was found to be highly stable even under extreme alkaline or detergent circumstance while BR maintained its bioactivity.The treatments of base and detergents also led to dramatic prolongation of the lifetime of M photoproduct,which might be beneficial for potential applications such as information storage.The BR/gelatin film was demonstrated to tentatively record a simple pattern.展开更多
文摘Objective To review the experience with endoscopic palliative treatment for malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) in 929 patients. Methods 929 patients (598 males and 331 females) underwent 1 215 endoscopic palliative drainages for MOJ in our hospital. Tumor obstruction occurred in the distal common bile duct (CBD) (263 patients) , the middle CBD (43), and the hilum (909) . The mean biliru-bin level was 284.3umol/L( range 26 - 810) . Of the 1 215 drainages, 599 were performed by stenting with plastic endoprosthesis, 385 by naso-biliary catheterization, 167 by expandable metal stents, 39 by combined drainage method, 19 by tumor sphincterotomy and 6 by endoscopic fistulostomy.Results The successful rate of endoscopic procedure was 94.3 % . The jaundice symptom was improved in 81.8 % of the patients with a significant reduction of serum bilirubin in 64.7% . The complication after treatment occurred in 23 cases (2.6%), including cholangitis (23 cases), pancreatitis (8 cases), and bleeding (one case), and 3 cases were dead (0.2%) . The median survival time of all patients was 14 months and life time analysis showed a life expectancy of 75.9% , 44.0% and 25.2% at 1, 2 and 3 years respectively. Conclusion In the patients with MOJ secondary to pancreatobiliary malignancy, successful endoscopic drainage provides adequate relief of biliary obstruction and is associated with low morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic interventional treatment may be considered as an alternative of palliative biliary operation for the late stage of pancreatic and biliary malignancies.
文摘Human rhodopsin kinase (RK) and a carboxyl terminus-truncated mutant RK lacking the last 59 amino acids (RKC) were expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells to investigate the role of the carboxyl terminus of RK in recognition and phosphorylation of rhodopsin. RKC, like the wild-type RK, was detected in both plasma membranes and cytosolic fractions. The Cterminal truncated rhodopsin kinase was unable to phosphorylate photo-activated rhodopsin, but possesses kinase activity similar to the wild-type RK in phosphorylation of small peptide substrate. It suggests that the truncation did not disturb the gross structures of RK catalytic domain. Our results also show that RKC failed to translocate to photo-activated rod out segments. Taken together,our study demonstrate the carboxyl terminus of RK is required for phosphorylation of photo-activated rhodopsin and strongly indicate that carboxyl-terminus of RK may be involved in interaction with photo-activated rhodopsin.
文摘Introduction： EoE （eosinophilic esophagitis） is an inflammatory condition characterized by a dense eosinophilic infiltrate in the esophageal epithelium. In Brazil, it remains a poorly diagnosed disease due to the lack of interaction between the clinician, the endoscopist, and the pathologist. The diagnosis is performed by histological study of esophageal biopsies, with at least fifteen eosinophils per high-power field （EOS/HPF）. Some doubts remain with respect to patients with a clinical picture and symptoms compatible with the disease （EoE）, but who have a lower number of eosinophils than established. The main objective of this study was to create an endoscopic classification for EsEo （esophageal eosinophilia）, which pointed the way to the endoscopist towards the diagnosis. Methods： This study was a prospective, two-year study, at a gastrointestinal endoscopy center where all patients with endoscopic symptoms and/or endoscopic findings suggestive of EsEo were biopsied for histological examination of EOS/HPF. After the study and compilation of the results, a retrospective study was performed, based on a review of electronic medical records, where the same diagnosis was searched, although at a period when this classification was not adopted. Results： A total of 4,251 endoscopies were performed between September 2011 and September 2013. Two biopsies were performed, aimed at lesions, in 133 patients with clinical picture or imaging suggestive of EsEo. Eosinophils were found in 55 patients, corresponding to an incidence of 1.29% of the total population studied and 41.35% of the suspected cases of the disease. EoE was diagnosed in 24 patients during the period of this study. In the two-year retrospective study, only two cases of EoE were found. Conclusions： The results of this study demonstrate that the endoscopic standardization of esophageal lesions, suggestive of eosinophilia, in this case by classification, alerts the endoscopist for the diagnosis of EoE, prompting him to perform targeted biopsies. Further, it was observed that two samples of esophageal tissue were sufficient for the diagnosis. The relationship between the clinical picture, endoscopy, and histology was not evident in this study.
文摘This paper describes theoretical steps to develop an optical nanobiosensor using bacteriorhodopsin （BR） as the biomembrane and Single-Walled Carbon NanoTube （SWCNT） as the scaffold. Bacteriorhodopsin is a retinal protein used by archaea that come under the family of halobacteria. This retinal protein acts as a proton pump and resulting proton gradient is used to change the voltage that pass across the drain and source. The biosensor contains nano ISFET where the channel is made of a carbon nanotube for the conduction of current. The gate is replaced by bacteriorhodopsin biomembrane. Bacteriorhodopsin can be used as a molecular-level ultra fast bi-stable red / green photo switch for making 3D optical molecular memories that reliably store data with 10,000 molecules/bit. The molecules switch in femtoseconds. Biomembrane will sense 510 nm and 650 nm wavelength of light and the sensing voltage can be used to convert the data into digital signals. This molecular level memory device can be used for ‘Read-Write＇ operations. The sensor performance will also be ultra fast since it uses photons for the data storage, which are much faster than electrons used in normal memory devices, and the 3D storage capacity is much higher maximum of 10^13/cm^2.
基金Supported by JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research,No.16K19332Takeda medical research grants
文摘AIM To define clinical criteria to differentiate eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder(Eo GD) in the esophagus. METHODS Our criteria were defined based on the analyses of the clinical presentation of eosinophilic esophagitis(Eo E), subepithelial eosinophilic esophagitis(s Eo E) and eosinophilic esophageal myositis(Eo EM), identified by endoscopy, manometry and serum immunoglobulin E levels(s-Ig E), in combination with histological and polymerase chain reaction analyses on esophageal tissue samples.RESULTS In five patients with Eo E, endoscopy revealed longitudinal furrows and white plaques in all, and fixed rings in two. In one patient with s Eo E and four with Eo EM, endoscopy showed luminal compression only. Using manometry, failed peristalsis was observed in patients with Eo E and s Eo E with some variation, while Eo EM was associated with hypercontractile or hypertensive peristalsis, with elevated s-Ig E. Histology revealed the following eosinophils per high-power field values. Eo E = 41.4 ± 7.9 in the epithelium and 2.3 ± 1.5 in the subepithelium; s Eo E = 3 in the epithelium and 35 in the subepithelium(conventional biopsy); Eo EM = none in the epithelium, 10.7 ± 11.7 in the subepithelium(conventional biopsy or endoscopic mucosal resection) and 46.8 ± 16.5 in the muscularis propria(peroral esophageal muscle biopsy). Presence of dilated epithelial intercellular space and downward papillae elongation were specific to Eo E. Eotaxin-3, IL-5 and IL-13 were overexpressed in Eo E.CONCLUSION Based on clinical and histological data, we identified criteria, which differentiated between Eo E, s Eo E and Eo EM, and reflected a different pathogenesis between these esophageal Eo GDs.
文摘Objective To investigate the distribution of erythropoietin （EPO） and erythropoietin receptor （ EPOR ） expression in the postnatal rat retina development. Methods Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 7 groups according to their various postnatal days： postnatal 1 d （D1 group）, 3 d （D3 group）, I week （W1 group）, 2 weeks （W2 group）, 3 weeks （W3 group）, 4 weeks （W4 group） and8 weeks （W8 group） （ n = 6 ）. Single eye was randomly chosen from each rat for the study. The retinal sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin （HE） and used for the retina development observation. Immunohistochemical staining was used to localize EPO and EPOR expressions in retinas.of differentstages of development, and the expression intensities were determined by an image plus 4 program~~ Results The retinal inner nuclear layer （INL） and outer nuclear layer （ONL） were mixed together and had not yet fully differentiated in D1 and D3 groups. The INL and ONL formed their own independent regions and the outer plexiform layer （OPL） appeared between two layers in W1 group. With the postnatal retinal development, the inner plexiform layer （ IPL ） , rods and cones layer （ RCL ）, and OPL were gradually widened and stabilized in W2 to W3 groups. EPO/EPOR expressions located prominently in the inner part of the postnatal rat developing retinas. The expression of EPO in GCL and INL gradually increased from DI to W4, then the expression decreased in W8. Expression of EPOR in GCL gradually increased from DI to WI , then decreased in W2 ; and it gradually increased again from W3 to W8. Expression of EPOR in INL gradually increased from D1 to W1, then decreased in W2 ; and it continued to decrease from W3 to W8. Expression of EPOR in the external segment of RCL gradually increased from D1 to W8. However, expression in the internal segment of RCL gradually decreased from D1 to W3 , then no obvious expression was seen in the internal segment of RCL in W4 and W8. Conclusion EPO/EPOR expressions locate prominently in the inner part of the postnatal rat developing retina. And EPO/EPOR expressions in the rat retinas exist the dynamic changes during the postnatal retina development period.
文摘To investigate presence and extent of eosinophilic cholangitis (EC) as well as IgG4-related disease in patients with indeterminate biliary stricture (IBS).METHODSAll patients with diagnosis of sclerosing cholangitis (SC) and histopathological samples such as biopsies or surgical specimens at University Hospital Frankfurt from 2005-2015 were included. Histopathological diagnoses as well as further clinical course were reviewed. Tissue samples of patients without definite diagnosis after complete diagnostic work-up were reviewed regarding presence of eosinophilic infiltration and IgG4 positive plasma cells. Eosinophilic infiltration was as well assessed in a control group of liver transplant donors and patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.RESULTSone hundred and thirty-five patients with SC were included. In 10/135 (13.5%) patients, no potential cause of IBS could be identified after complete diagnostic work-up and further clinical course. After histopathological review, a post-hoc diagnosis of EC was established in three patients resulting in a prevalence of 2.2% (3/135) of all patients with SC as well as 30% (3/10) of patients, where no cause of IBS was identified. 2/3 patients with post-hoc diagnosis of EC underwent surgical resection with suspicion for malignancy. Diagnosis of IgG4-related cholangitis was observed in 7/135 patients (5.1%), whereas 3 cases were discovered in post-hoc analysis. 6/7 cases with IgG4-related cholangitis (85.7%) presented with eosinophilic infiltration in addition to IgG4 positive plasma cells. There was no patient with eosinophilic infiltration in the control group of liver transplant donors (n = 27) and patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 14).CONCLUSIONEC is an underdiagnosed benign etiology of SC and IBS, which has to be considered in differential diagnosis of IBS.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Rrogram of China (973 Program,2009CB930000)National Natural Science Foundation of China (21034002)
文摘Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is a photochromic membrane protein isolated from a strain of halobacteria.Embedment of BR into a polymeric matrix enables the application of the photoactive protein as an optical material.In this work,a chemically crosslinked BR/gelatin film was prepared.The cross-linked film was found to be highly stable even under extreme alkaline or detergent circumstance while BR maintained its bioactivity.The treatments of base and detergents also led to dramatic prolongation of the lifetime of M photoproduct,which might be beneficial for potential applications such as information storage.The BR/gelatin film was demonstrated to tentatively record a simple pattern.
