光纤光栅压力传感器封装增敏技术

介绍了封装对光纤光栅纤内谐振腔的光学特性的影响、基于压力增敏的光纤光栅封装的物理机制及其研究进展,综述了解决应变和温度交叉敏感问题的方法,提出了一种基于压力传感增敏效果好的多层封装结构,同时还利用2种聚合物不同的力学特性,设计了一种解决应变和温度交叉敏感的封装方法,讨论了封装材料对增敏效果的影响.

用纤内Bragg光栅进行动态应变测量的研究

描述了用纤内 Bragg光栅进行动态应变测量研究的意义、原理和方法。提出了两种用纤内 Bragg光栅动态应变测量时进行 Bragg波长偏移量的解调方法 :光干涉相位检测 Bragg光栅反射波长偏移的解调方法和用 DWDM密集波分复用器解调 Bragg波长的方法。前者适用于高频宽带动态应变测量 。

纤芯包层复合结构FBG的光谱特性仿真研究

针对纤芯包层复合结构光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)制备难度较大的问题,文章首先分析了复合结构FBG的结构特征,然后从光纤耦合模理论出发,利用Rsoft结合Matlab软件分别模拟了单独存在的纤芯、包层光栅以及复合结构光栅的反射光谱,并且通过改变光栅周期、栅区长度以及调制深度,对复合结构FBG的反射光谱特性进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,光栅周期为541 nm并固定其他参数时,单独的纤芯与包层光栅中心反射波长分别为1 563.4和1 558.0 nm,复合结构光栅获得了具有相同中心波长的双峰反射光谱;复合结构光栅的光栅周期、光栅长度和调制深度会对反射谱的中心波长、强度与半高宽度造成规律性的影响。研究结果可以给光栅刻写与应用提供参考与理论支撑。

FRP-FBG桥梁智能拉索开发和传感特性研究应用

针对传统力传感器监测桥梁拉索应力布设不方便、测试精度低及其裸光纤光栅传感器比较脆、极限应变比较低等弊端,提出利用高耐久性和高强度的玻璃纤维材料封装光纤光栅传感器,研制出了光纤光栅智能筋复合传感器(GFRP-OFBGS)监测桥梁拉索应力。首先,给出了GFRP-OFBGS的加工工艺及其在桥梁拉索中的布设方法,使之与桥梁拉索协同变形。并根据不同的布设方法,开发了粘结式和取代式两种自监测智能拉索。然后,对不同直径GFRP-OFBGS传感特性进行了研究,得出裸光纤光栅通过FRP封装后,它的应变灵敏系数没有改变,温度灵敏系数提高了1.7倍。随着GFRP-OFBGS的直径增加,极限应变也相应增加。其次,对粘结式和取代式两种自监测智能拉索分别进行了张拉试验,其测试结果很好地表征了整个张拉过程和张拉力的大小。最后,对GFRP-OFBG传感器在拱桥系杆的布设工艺进行了探索,并在四川峨边大渡河拱桥系杆施工中得到了具体实施和应用,成功地监测了系杆的整个张拉过程。基于一年的监测数据,检验了系杆张拉效果并判断了目前的运营状况。

损伤识别远程监测系统的数据处理

针对损伤识别远程监测系统的数据处理,提出了一种较先进较实用的解决方法。通过在监测点布置光纤传感器,对要监测的位置进行数据采集。然后利用Delphi编写的界面程序和创建的数据库一起搭建数据处理系统,对采集的数据进行录入及核对等操作。再把Web开发的程序发布在服务器上,利用互联网可以让用户通过浏览器对结构的健康状况作出评估,从而达到损伤识别远程监测的目的。还给出了应用研究的过程和实例。

Switchable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser with a tilted fiber grating

A dual-wavelength erbium doped fiber laser with a tilted fiber Bragg grating and photonic crystal fiber is proposed and demonstrated. In the laser, a 2W EDFA provides gain for all the laser lines; the highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber introduces dynamic energy transfer between the two wavelengths caused by four wave mixing effect, so that a stable dual- wavelength oscillation at room temperature is implemented. Different switching modes can be achieved by adjusting the lateral offset between the fiber grating and the guiding single mode fiber or by varying the state of polarization in the laser cavity. The maximum of output power of the laser has reached 314mW.

Reproducibility of splicer-based long-period fiber gratings for gain equalization

We fabricated long-period fiber gratings （LPFGs） using electric arc discharges. We observed that the fiber becomes slightly tapered due to longitudinal tension during the arc： this effect depends on the arc current and time length. We experimentally investigated how these characteristics can influence grating＇s performances, especially in view of employing the LPFG as gain equalizer for an erbium-doped optical amplifier. As expected, we found that the spectral response of the grating depends on the period A, the intensity of the perturbation, the grating length and the type of mode-coupling induced. Since this last parameter cannot be estimated directly from the transmission spectra, we propose a method to determine the modecoupling occurring in the device and to assess the index modulation induced by the electric arcs. This method combines both experimental and simulated data, and can be used to characterize LPFGs made-up by any method.

Modal macro-strain identification from operational macro-strain shape under changing loading conditions

To develop modal macro-strain （ MMS ） identification techniques and improve their applicability in a continuous health monitoring system for civil infrastructures, the concept of operational macro-strain shape （OMSS） and the corresponding identification method are proposed under unknown ever-changing loading conditions, and the MMS is then obtained. The core of the proposed technique is mainly based on the specific property that the macro-strain transmissibility tends to be independent of external excitations at the poles of the system and converges to a unique value. The proposed method is verified using the experimental data from a three-span continuous beam excited by an impact hammer at different locations. The identified results are also compared with the commonly used methods, such as the peak- picking （PP） method, the stochastic subspace identification （SSI） method, and numerical results, in the case of unknown input forces. Results show that the proposed technique has unique merits in accuracy and robustness due to its combining multiple tests under changing loading conditions, which also reveal the promising application of the distributed strain sensing system in identifying MMS of operational structures, as well as in the structural health monitoring （SHM） field.

Multi-wavelength fiber laser based on broadband fiber grating and HiBi fiber loop mirror

A fiber laser based on broadband C-band fiber grating (CFG) and high birefringence (HiBi) fiber loop mirror (FLM) is demonstrated, which uses the comb-like reflection performance of the HiBi FLM. Under different polarization states, different output lasers are gained by choosing the polarization states of the light in the cavity using the polarization controller. By this method, a single wavelength or dual wavelength laser beam can be output, and multi-wavelength oscillates can be achieved.

Triplexers Based on SOI Flattop AWGs

Triplexers are designed based on SOl flattop arrayed waveguide gratings （AWGs）. Three wavelengths （1310, 1490,and 1550nm） operate at three diffraction orders of AWGs. Simulation shows that the 3dB bandwidth,crosstalk, and loss are 6nm,less than -40dB, and 5dB, respectively. The output optical fields of the device fabricated in our laboratory are clear and show a good triplexing function.

Novel measurement scheme of peak separation of side-hole fiber grating

There are two peaks of different polarizations in the reflection spectrum of the side-hole fiber grating and their separation interval has a linear variation along with the pressure changing while it is insensitive to the temperature.We have proposed a novel measurement scheme based on polarization detection.The detection of peak separation is achieved by measuring the two peaks’ center wavelengths separately with all polarization maintaining fiber system.The side-hole fiber grating pressure sensing within the range of 0～3.5 MPa is realized successfully with the new scheme.

Fabrication of arbitrarily apodized fiber Bragg gratings with narrow bandwidth

A double-exposure fabrication method without any intensity shadow mask to fabricate arbitrarily apodized fiber Bragg gratings（ FBGs） with narrow bandwidth is demonstrated by controlling the total ultra violet （UV） irradiation along the grating by varying the speed of a translation stage. The UV source used is a stable continuous intracavity frequency-doubled argonion laser. The parameters （such as length, apodization profile, average index change）of FBGs can be easily changed with this method. The total UV irradiation is kept constant in the doubleexposure process because of the precise control of the exposure time, which ensures that the apodized FBG＇s bandwidth can be extremely narrow. The full width at half maximum （FWHM） bandwidth of the 2-cm-long apodized FBG fabricated by this method is 0. 15 nm with a maximum reflectivity of more than 95%.

Two-function light source in a FBG multi-point sensing system

In this paper,a two-function light source is recommended. It can both amplify the light power and demodulate the wave-length signal. Its output power is 1000 times as high as traditional broadband light source(BBS) and it can demodulate the signal by scanning wavelength in 30 nm of bandwidth range in the situation of 1550 nm central wavelength. This kind of light source effectively solves the problem of light energy supply in more-point measurement of FBG and simplifies the structure of sensing measurement.

FBG传感器在微尺度计量中应用的前景

基于作者先前的实验数据和目前用 FBG进行动态应力测量研究的实验 ,提出了把 FBG传感器应用于微尺度计量领域的新概念 ,并展示了 FBG在微尺度计量中应用的前景 ;简述了温度和应力同时测量的技术应用于分离和消除温度漂移的干扰 ;总结了动态应力产生布拉格波长偏移的解调装置并提出用其实现微尺度计量所需要的高分辨力的布拉格波长解调方法。

Monitoring and Warning of Landslides and Debris Flows Using an Optical Fiber Sensor Technology

Landslides and debris flows are typical geo-hazards which occur in hilly or mountainous regions. Debris flows may result from landslides. Geotechnical instrumentation plays an important role in monitoring and warning of landslides and resulted debris flows. Traditional technologies for monitoring landslides and debris flows have certain limitations. The new optical fiber sensors presented in this paper can overcome those limitations. This paper presents two new optical fiber sensor systems: one is the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)-based in-place inclinometer for monitoring landslides and the other is the FBG-based column-net system for monitoring debris flows. This paper presents the calibration results of FBG-based in-place inclinometers in laboratory. It is found that the calibration results are in good agreement with theoretical results. Both the FBG-based in-place inclinometers and the FBG-based column-net system have been installed at a site in Weijiagou valley, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province of China. Some preliminary results have been obtained and reported in the paper. The advantages of the FBG monitoring systems and their potential applications are also presented.

Field measurement of strain response for typical asphalt pavement

In order to reveal the changing law of the mechanical response of asphalt pavements under the action of vehicle load and provide references for the design of durable pavements,three typical asphalt pavement structures with flexible base(S1),combined base(S2),and semi-rigid base(S3)were selected to perform field strain tests under static and dynamic load using the fiber Bragg grating optical sensing technology.The changing characteristics of the strain field along the horizontal and depth directions of pavements were analyzed.The results indicate that the most unfavorable asphalt pavement layers were the upper-middle surface layer and the lower base layer.In addition,the most unfavorable loading positions on the surface layer and the base layer were the center of wheel load and the gap center between two wheels,respectively.The most unfavorable layer of the surface layers gradually moved from the lower layer to the upper layer with the increase of base layer modulus.The power function relationships between structural layer strain and vehicle speed were revealed.The semi-rigid base asphalt pavement was the most durable pavement type,since its strain value was lower compared to those of the other structures.

A novel temperature-insensitive strain sensor based on tapered fiber grating

A novel temperature-insensitive strain sensor based on bandwidth demodulation of the reflected light from the tapered fiber grating is presented, which is simple and low-cost and has considerable potential particularly application for strain sensing,and with the development of the interrogation system, it can demodulate both the bandwidth and the center wavelength of the reflected light from TFG to measure strain and temperature simultaneously.

Application of fiber Bragg grating sensor network in aluminum reduction tank shell temperature monitoring

A fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor network was designed to implement the real-time health monitoring of the aluminum reduction cell. The heat transfer process was simulated using software ANSYS, and an on-line shell monitoring system was established based on optical sensing technology. According to aluminum reduction cell heat transfer theory, the 2D slice finite element model was developed. The relationship between shell temperature and cell status was discussed. Fiber Bragg grating （FBG） was chosen as the temperature sensor in light of its unique advantages. The accuracy of designed FBG temperature sensors exceeds 2 ~C, and good repeatability was exhibited. An interrogation system with 104 sensors based on VPG （volume phase grating） filter was established. Through the long-term monitoring on running state, the status of the aluminum reduction cell, including security and fatigue life could be acquired and estimated exactly. The obtained results provide the foundation for the production status monitoring and fault diagnosis. Long-term test results show good stability and repeatability which are compatible with electrolysis process.

Engineering approach to in-situ bridge health monitoring with fiber bragg gratings

In this presentation the feasibility and capability of fiber Bragg gratings （FBG） employed in bridge health monitoring are demonstrated on a real bridge. FBG＇ s wavelength shift depending on strain variance has been tested. The technique of FBG installation on bridges has been developed. 12 FBG strain sensors and 3 temperature sensors have been successfully embedded in the prestressed concrete box girder during the construction of Heilongjiang Hulan River Bridge. The prestressing tension process and quasi-static loading process of the girder were monitored with those sensors before it was installed onto the bridge. After the bridge was completed, the FBG sensors embedded have been utilized to monitor the strain shift of the beam under quasi-static load, traffic load and temperature. The results show that the traffic fluxes, possible tatigue damage and deflection of the bridge can be revealed conveniently through strain measurements with these FBG sensors, which provide key information for structural health diagnosis. The fact that the FBG strain sensors have withstood the ordeal of harsh construction process and lasted for more than one year proves that their durability and stability can satisfy the requirements for bridge health monitoring. It is also shown that the FBG strain sensor is more adaptive to long-term structural health monitoring than the electric resistance strain gauge.

Study on rock deformation monitoring using fiber Bragg grating in simulation experiment

Presented the fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensors for rock strain monitoring in the 1.2 m long plane stress model of the simulation experiment. In the past, for the lack of appropriate technique to measure the deformation of rock structures, the measurement of deflection was restricted to just a few discrete points along rock, and the measuring points were limited to the location installed with displacement transducers. We developed a method to monitor the deformation of rock structures using fiber optical Bragg grating strain sensors. The sensors were embedded in rock layers of simulation experiment before the materials were put in. These sensors were then used to monitor the experienced strain with different face advancing distance. The test results indicate that, if properly installed, FBG sensors can survive under severe conditions associated with embedment process and yield accurate measurements of strains response. At the same time, we make comparisons of the data obtained by FBG sensors with those by centesimal gauge. The interest in FBG sensors was motivated by the potential advantages that they can offer more than existing sensing technologies.