陕西兰科一新分布属——钗子股属

报道了陕西兰科(Orchidaceae)1新分布属——钗子股属(Luisia Gaud.)和1新分布种纤叶钗子股(Luisia hancockii Rolfe)。

Pitch-derived soft carbon composite with hard carbon fibers for high-rate and long-cycling K^(+) storage

Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)have been seen as a competitive alternative to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their natural abundance,low cost and rocking chair-like operating mechanism similar to LIBs.Soft carbon has a lower voltage plateau compared to hard carbon and an easily modulated lattice structure compared to graphite,which provides particular advantages in KIBs anodes.Pitch has attracted much attention as a simple,readily available and inexpensive precursor for soft carbon,but its structure is easily damaged during cycling.Herein,the flexible film Pitch@CNF are prepared by uniformly winding reticulated carbon fibers on the surface of pitch-soft carbon via electrostatic spinning technique,which not only enables the pitch to maintain its structure well during cycling and withstand the volume expansion upon K^(+) insertion,but also is conducive to ionic transport of the three-dimensional reticulated structure.Meanwhile,the abundant pores on the carbon fibers can provide more K^(+) active sites.The prepared flexible self-supporting films can be used directly as electrodes without the addition of binders and conductive agents.The reversible capacity is 290 mAh·g^(-1)at a current density of 0.1 A·g^(-1),and the capacity retention rate is 83%after 500 cycles.

中国古代纺织生产中的“(木困)”和“贯”

中国古代纺织工具的结构和性能,是我们研究中国古代纺织技术史必须探讨的课题。1951年日本纺织史家太田英藏写过一篇题为《中国机织技术》的论文,利用中国的古文献,特别是文字学上的资料,论述中国古代投纬工具和织机(布机)的名称、形式和发展①。近年有些中国学者也曾利用考古资料论述中国古代织机的结构和演变,就都是属于这方面的。本文准备就中国最早的投纬工具"梱"的问题作一尝试性的论述,这是太田和其他学者没有作过专门论述,甚至很少提到的问题。内容包括:梱的用途;棚的形式;梱在纺织史上的作用;梱和后世投纬器的关系;同时并就太田文章中的某些论点,谈谈个人不成熟的看法。

First-Principles Insights into Pt_(n)/ZnO(0001)Catalyst:Regulation of Metal-Support Interaction through Surface Polarity

Polar surfaces are prevalent in metal oxides,the interactions between surface species with polar surfaces are different from those with non-polar surfaces,a thorough understanding of the interactions is key to regulate the performance of heterogeneous catalysts.In this work,we delve into the interaction of Pt_(n)(n=1-4)with polar ZnO(0001)-Zn and ZnO(0001)-O,and the influence of the surface polarity on the electronic structures and reactivity of Pt_(n)by using density functional theory calculations.The results suggest distinct differences in electronic structures of two exposed terminations,leading to different interactions with Pt_(n).The interaction between Pt_(n)and two terminations not only stabilizes the surface and clusters through polar compensation,but also induces opposite charges on the cluster at two terminations.Remarkably,the Pearson correlation coefficient reveals the interdependency between the electronic states of Pt_(n)and its performance in terms of small molecule adsorption/activation.These observations demonstrate the crucial role of surface polarity in regulating the electronic states and catalytic performance of active sites,and offer a possible design principle for supported catalysts.

Influence of copper ions and calcium ions on adsorption of CMC on chlorite

The effects of copper ions and calcium ions on the depression of chlorite using CMC（carboxymethyl cellulose） as a depressant were studied through flotation tests,adsorption measurements,ζ potential tests and co-precipitation experiments.The results show that the electrostatic repulsion between the CMC molecules and the chlorite surfaces hinders the approach of the CMC to the chlorite while the presence of copper ions and calcium ions enhances the adsorption density of CMC.The action mechanisms of these two types of ions are different.Calcium ions can not adsorb onto the mineral surfaces,but they can interact with the CMC molecules,thus reducing the charge of the CMC and enhancing adsorption density.Copper ions can adsorb onto the mineral surfaces,which facilitates the CMC adsorption through acid/base interaction.The enhanced adsorption density is also attributed to the decreased electrostatic repulsion between the CMC and mineral surfaces as copper ions reduce the surface charge of both the mineral surfaces and the CMC molecules.

Preparation and application of cationized pulp fiber as a papermaking wet-end additive

Cationized pulp fibers （CPF） were prepared by the adsorption of a novel biodegradable cationic ester quaternary ammonium salt （31441） on bleached softwood kraft pulp fibers. The optimized conditions for the CPF preparation were： 4% of 31441 （based on oven-dry pulp）, 80℃ and 30 rain. The CPF was characterized by FT-IR, SEM and XPS. Experimental results showed that the CPF improved the retention of precipitated calcium carbonate （PCC） filler significantly. With 0.9% CPF （based on oven-dry pulp）, the retention of PCC increased from 57.53% to 72.21%. The physical properties of paper were also slightly improved. The tensile strength and burst strength of the paper with CPF were higher than those with CPAM. CPF addition had no effect on the stock drainage.

Polar Quasi-Confined Optical Phonon Modes in Wurtzite Quasi-One-Dimensional GaN/Al_xGa_(1-x)N Quantum Well Wires

Based on the dielectric continuum model and Loudon＇s uniaxial crystal model,quasi-confined （QC） optical phonon modes and electron-QC phonon coupling functions in quasi-one-dimensional （QID） wurtzite quantum well wires （QWWs） are deduced and analyzed. Numerical calculations on an AIN/GaN/AIN wurtzite QWW are performed. The results reveal that the dispersions of the QC modes are quite obvious only when the free wavenumber kz in the z-direction and the azimuthal quantum number m are small. The reduced behavior of the QC modes in wurtzite quantum systems is clearly observed. Through the discussion of the electron-QC mode coupling functions,it is found that the lower-frequency QC modes in the high-frequency region play a more important role in the electron-QC phonon interactions. Moreover,our computations also prove that kz and m have a similar influence on the electron-QC phonon coupling properties.

Analysis and identification of SCAR molecular markers associated with birch fiber length trait

The fiber length trait （FLT） of 538 individuals from nature birch population in Maorshan region, Heilongjang, China were measured, of which 100 individuals were selected as representative variety of correlated fragments screening with random amplified polymorphism DNA （RAPD） technique. In total of 20 RAPD primers were tested through multiple regression analysis between amplified strip and the character behaviors, and a correlative segment BFLR-16 was obtained. The correlation coefficient between BFLI-16 and FLT was 0.6144, with the significant level of 1%. BFLI-16 was then cloned, sequenced and transformed into SCAR marker. The percentage of identifying long fiber birches by this SCAR was more than 92. The result indicates that the SCAR markers has high specificity for the long fiber individuals and is highly linked with the gene controlling the character of fiber length, and its existence is significantly correlative with the increase in the fiber length.

多囊卵巢综合症患者血浆PAI-1水平及基因4G5G多态性的研究

目的 研究多囊卵巢综合症（PCOS）纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子-1（PAI-1）基因启动子区4G5G多态性的分布,探讨其与PCOS发病关系.方法 96例PCOS患者和50例对照组,用PCR方法测定PAI-1基因启动子区4G5G基因多态性;ELISA法检测血浆PAI-1水平.结果 PCOS组4G/4G基因型明显高于对照组,而5G/5G基因型显著少于对照组.PCOS组的PAI-1水平较对照组明显升高（29.32±2.37ng/mL与22.42±0.65ng/mL,P〈0.05）.结论 PCOS患者PAI-1基因启动子区4G/4G基因型频率增高,致血浆PAI-1水平升高,其与PCOS的发病有关.

Tumor Angiogenesis Correlated with bFGF and FGFR-1 in Lung Cancer

To study the relationship between angiogenesis and the expression of bFGF andFGFR-1 in lung cancer. Methods: The specimens of 56 patients with lung cancer treated with surgerywere collected. Anti-Von Willebrand factor antibody was used to measure microvascular density (MVD)by means of SABC immunohistochemical technique, and antibody to basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) and its receptor (FGFR-1) to detect the expression of these three proteins in the tumortissues. The survival time was compared between low MVD and high MVD groups by the Kaplan-Meiermethod. Results: (1) The expression of MVD showed no significant difference in some clinicalcharacteristics, including sex, age, T stage, M stage and pathologic type, but significantdifference in N stage (P 【 0.01) and clinical stage (P 【 0.05). (2) Survival analysis showed thathigh MVD group was associated with a risk of death (P 【 0.01). (3) The expression of bFGF and FGFR-1were both related to lymphatic metastasis and clinical staging (P 【 0.05). (4) Significantdifference was seen between low MVD and high MVD groups in the bFGF expression in lung cancer (P 【0.01), whereas no correlation in FGFR-1. (5) High co-expression of bFGF and FGFR-1 was consistent intumor cells. Conclusion: (1) MVD is a good prognostic factor for patients of lung cancer, and thesame as bFGF. (2) The angiogenesis may be induced after bFGF binding to FGFR-1.

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on ischemic gut and liver injuries

AIMS To explore the possible effects of basic fibrob- last growth factor (bFGF) on ischemic gut and liver in- juries after trauma. METHODS Animal model of super mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion was used in this study. Seventy-two Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 24 rats each. Each animal in group 1 (bFGF treated) was in- jected with 4 μg of bFGF in 0.15 ml of normal saline solution containing 0.1%(w/v) heparin through the jugular vein at the onset of reperfusion. Animals in group 2 (saline treated) received the same vehicle, but without bFGF. Group 3 (sham-operated) ani- mals were treated with the same operations,but without SMA occlusion. Liver function parameters, serum TNFα,bacterial examination and pathological study were used to evaluate the results. RESULTS In group 1,the amounts of ALT and AST and serum TNFα were reduced significantly at 6,24 and 48 hours as compared with group 2. Bacterial ex- amination showed that the bacterial translocation from gut to liver,spleen and MLN in group 1 was much lower than that in group 2. The pathological results support the concept of significant protecting effects of bFGF. CONCLUSIONS Venous administration of bFGF may help reduce gut and liver injuries after ischemia and reperfusion. Its mechanism of action may involve the mitogenic and non-mitogenic effects of bFGF.

PLASMA RESONANCE FIBER OPTIC SENSOR FOR CURE MONITORING OF EPOXY COMPOSITE

The plasma resonance fiber optic sensor has a research values in theory and is widely used in engineering because of its simple structure and high sensitivity. It is a simple and sensitive method to measure the refractive index with optical fiber plasma wave. We make use of this characteristic to manufacture the plasma resonance fiber optic sensor which can detect the cure of epoxy compo site. We study the method of testing the solutions which have different refractive index with plasma resonance fiber optic sensor. A fiber optic sensing probe which has reliable performance and convenient operation for detecting the refractive index has been designed. The system for detecting the solution refractive index is developed and used to measure the refractive index of epoxy during the different phases in the cure process. Result shows that this system is credible and stable, the parameters tested are in accord with the facts.

Effects of Matrine on Adenine-Induced Chronic Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in Rats

Aim ,To study the mechanism relative to therapeutic effects of matrine on adenine-induced renal interstitial fibrosis in rats. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups： normal control group （NCG） consisted of 8 rats, adenine treated group （ATG） 28 rats, and matrine treated group （MTG） 24 rats. Each rat in ATG and MTG was gavaged with adenine （250 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 ） for 21 d. After gavage with adenine for one week, each rat in MTG was administered intraperitoneally matrine（20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 ） in vehicle （ 1 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride） daily. On days 14, 21, and 28, the serum levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, and IL-6 were determined and the rat kidneys of ATG, MTG and NCGwere examined pathologically. Radioimmunoassay for serum IL- 6 immunohistochemical staining for TGF-β1 expression in the kidney and semiquantitative analysis were performed. HE staining for semiquantitative analysis of tubulointerstitial injury. Results The serum levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine in MTG were lower as compare to ATG （ P 〈 0.05 ） whereas serum IL- 6 and renal TGF-β1 expression levels were significantly lower than those in ATG （P 〈0.05 ）, but all these indexes were higher than those in NCG （P 〈 0.01 ）. In MTG, the index of tubulointerstitial lesion was lower than that in ATG （P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Matrine inhibits the renal tubulointerstial fibrosis in the adenine-induced rat model by suppressing serum level of IL-6 and expression of TGF-β1 in the tubulointerstitium.

An Open-Loop Test of a Resonator Fiber Optic Gyro

The resonator fiber optic gyro （R-FOG） ,which utilizes a resonance frequency change due to the Sagnac effect,is a promising candidate for the next generation inertial rotation sensor. In this study, an open-loop R-FOG is set up using phase modulation spectroscopy. First,the demodulation curve is obtained using a lock-in amplifier. From the demodulation signal,a gyro dynamic range of ± 4.2rad/s is obtained. Then,using different phase modulation frequencies,the open-loop gyro output signal is measured when the gyro is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise. The bias drift as a function of time is also measured. The fluctuation of the output over 5s is about 0.02rad/s. The drift can be reduced by taking countermeasures against system noise.

Caustics study of the effect of glass fibres on dynamic fracture of hardened cement paste

The reflected optical caustics method is applied to study dynamic fracture problems in hardened cement paste. First both the unreinforced cement paste and the glass fibres reinforced cement paste specimens were fabricated and the reflective coating on the surface of the specimen was prepared. Secondly the crack path and the shadow spot patterns during the crack propagation process for the two specimens were recorded by using a multi-spark high speed camera.Thirdly some dynamic parameters of two cement paste specimens including crack onset time the dynamic stress intensity factor and crack growth velocity were determined and analyzed comparatively.This indicates that the glass fibres can improve the fracture resistance and delay fracture time.These results will play an important role in evaluating the dynamic fracture properties of cement paste.

Thermodynamics of Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption on strong alkaline anion exchange fiber

Removal of Cr（VI） from aqueous solution by strong alkaline anion exchange fiber （SAAEF） was achieved using batch adsorption experiments. The effect of contact time, initial Cr（VI） concentration and pH was investigated. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of SAAEF was 187.7 mg/g at pH=1.0. The adsorption capacity increased with Cr（VI） concentration but decreased with pH value when pH〉1.0. Adsorption isotherms at various temperatures were obtained. Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin models were adopted and the equilibrium data fitted best with the Langmuir isotherm. The constants of these models indicated that the adsorption process involved both chemisorption and physisorption. The values of thermodynamic parameters, including DH, DG and DS, suggested that the adsorption of Cr（VI） on SAAEF was a spontaneous, entropy-driven and endothermic process. Q（iso） was not a constant value, which indicated an inhomogenous energy distribution on SAAEF.

Transforming growth factor-β and fibrosis

Transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）, a prototype of multifunctional cytokine, is a key regulator of extracellular matrix （ECM） assembly and remodeling. Specifically, TGF-β isoforms have the ability to induce the expression of ECM proteins in mesenchymal cells, and to stimulate the production of protease inhibitors that prevent enzymatic breakdown of the ECM. Elevated TGF-β expression in affected organs, and subsequent deregulation of TGF-β functions, correlates with the abnormal connective tissue deposition observed during the onset of fibrotic diseases. During the last few years, tremendous progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular aspects of intracellular signaling downstream of the TGF-β receptors. In particular, Smad proteins, TGF-β receptor kinase substrates that translocate into the cell nucleus to act as transcription factors, have been studied extensively. The role of Smad3 in the transcriptional regulation of type I collagen gene expression and in the development of fibrosis, demonstrated both/n vitro and in animal models with a targeted deletion of Smad3, is of critical importance because it may lead to novel therapeutic strategies against these diseases. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying Smad modulation of fibrillar collagen expression and how it relates to fibrotic processes.

LOW DOSE PIRFENIDONE SUPPRESSES TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA-1 AND TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE-1, AND PROTECTS RATS FROM LUNG FIBROSIS INDUCED BY BLEOMYCIN

Objective To investigate the optimal dosage of pirfenidone for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in Wistar rats, and the alteration of expressions of transforming growth factor beta-1 （ TGF-β1 ）, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 （ TIMP-1 ）, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 （ MMP-13 ） in lung tissue. Methods Male Wistar rats were endotracheally instilled with bleomycin or normal saline. Pirfenidone （25-800 mg · kg^-l · d^-1 ）, dexamethasone （3 mg/kg）, or 1% carboxymethylcellulose sodium were given daily by feed 2 days before instillation of bleomycin. Groups T7 and T14 were fed pirfenidone 50 mg · kg^-1 · d^-1 at 7 days or 14 daYs after bleomycin instillation. Lungs were harvested at 28 days after bleomycin instillation. Patholological changes in luffg tissues were evaluated with HE staining. Lung collagen was stained by sirius red and measured by content of hydroxypro- line. Expression of proteins of TGF-β1 TIMP-1, and MMP-13 were detected by Western blotting. Results At doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg· kg^- 1 · d ^- 1, pirfenidone had significant anti-fibrotic effects for bleomy- cin-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis, and these effects were most significantly attenuated at the dosage of 50 mg · kg^-1 ·d^ -1（ HE： P 〈 0. 01, P 〈 0.01, and P = 0.064; sirius red： P 〈0.05, P 〈 0.01, and P 〈 0.05 ; hydroxyproline： P = 0.595, P 〈 0.01, and P = 0.976）. Pirfenidone at a dosage of 50 mg · kg^- l · d^-1 inhibited protein expression of TGF-131 and TIMP-1 in lung tissue in the early phase （0.79 and 0.75 times of control group）, but had no effect on ex- nr^eelnn nf MMP-13. Conclusion Low dose pirfenidone, especially at dosage of 50 mg · kg^-1 · d^-1, has significant anti-fibrotic effects on bleomycin-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis. Pirfenidone partially inhibits the enhancement of the expression of TGF-131 and TIMP-β1 in lung tissue.

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) Affecting Yield and Fiber Properties in Chromosome 16 in Cotton Using Substitution Line

Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. are the two cultivated tetraploid species of cotton. The first is characterized by a high yield and wide adaptation, and the second by its super fiber property. Substitution line in which a pair of intact chromosomes of TM_1 ( G. hirsutum ) were replaced by a pair of homozygous chromosomes of 3_79 ( G. barbadense ) is an excellent material for genetic research and molecular tagging. In this study, substitution line 16 (Sub 16) was used to evaluate the performance of the 16th chromosome in G. barbadense in TM_1 background. The genetic analysis using the major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model in F 2∶3 family revealed that there might exist 2 QTLs respectively for boll size, lint percentage, lint index, fiber length and the first fruit branch node, 1 QTL for fiber elongation and flowering date, and no QTL for seed index, fiber strength and Micronaire in chromosome 16. However, 9 QTLs (LOD (logarithm of odds)≥3.0) controlling 6 quantitative traits were significantly identified in linkage group of chromosome 16 constructed in (TM_1×3_79) F 2by interval mapping. Among them, 1 QTL for boll size, fiber length, flowering date and fiber elongation could explain 15.2%, 19.7%, 12.1%, and 11.7% phenotypic variance respectively, 2 QTLs for lint index could explain 11.6% and 41.9%, and 3 QTLs for lint percentage could explain 8.7%, 9.6% and 29.2% phenotypic variance respectively. One unlinked SSR marker was associated with one QTL respectively for boll size and flowering date and they could explain 1.60% and 4.63% phenotypic variance. The traits associated significantly with chromosome 16 from Sub 16 were boll weight, lint percentage, lint index, fiber length, fiber elongation and flowering days.