纤维增强复合材料梁的分层损伤识别

通过损伤发生前后结构频率的变化来检测和评估纤维增强复合材料(FRP)层合梁中的分层损伤。利用FRP层合梁在分层发生前后的一系列频率变化值,通过构建直观图像法和人工神经网络两种逆向算法反推出梁中分层损伤的三个参数,即分层所在的界面、位置和尺寸。为检验两种算法的有效性和识别精度,分别进行了理论和实验双重验证。理论验证结果表明,两种逆向检测算法都可以有效预测出分层损伤的三个参数,其中直观图像法相比人工神经网络预测精度更高。而实验验证采用文献中报道的实测频率,结果表明:直观图像法对于测量数据误差有更高的包容性,可以较为准确地预测出分层在FRP梁试件中的位置和大小;而人工神经网络对于实验误差相对敏感,对FRP梁试件中的分层损伤预测不够准确。综上认为,相较于人工神经网络,直观图像法具有更好的鲁棒性,应被优先选择应用于FRP梁的分层损伤识别。

形状记忆合金对纤维增强聚合物梁驱动效应的分析

着重研究了形状记忆合金偏心埋置于树脂复合材料梁/板后,合金在逆相变过程中对梁弯曲变形的驱动效应。试验结果表明:合金在逆相变过程中能对树脂基复合材料梁产生很大的驱动力,可以按需要主动控制复合材料梁、柱的变形;合金的预应变值因素对于合金的驱动效应有较大影响,合金可以进行多次激励。

双腹板工字型GFRP腰梁机械连接力学性能试验研究

为深入研究双腹板工字型玻璃纤维增强复合材料(glass fiber reinforced polymer,GFRP)腰梁机械连接节点的力学性能,基于无连接和有机械连接2种类型GFRP腰梁的静载试验,分析双腹板工字型GFRP腰梁在三分点对称加荷下的受力特征,明确2种类型腰梁的极限状态和破坏形式。结果表明:GFRP腰梁采用双腹板工字型截面型式,截面的最大应力为183 MPa,是GFRP腰梁纵向抗拉强度的62%,纵向抗压强度的73%(容许压缩承载力的205%),可以使GFRP材料强度得到充分发挥,腰梁稳定性能良好;GFRP腰梁容易出现局部破坏,首先在翼缘板处发生局部失稳,随即引起腹板产生屈曲破坏,翼缘和腹板连接处出现面层剥离和鼓起,腰梁连接处增设的缀板和螺栓可有效地抑制该局部破坏变形;采用螺栓机械连接并在连接处增设同材质缀板,可降低螺栓钻孔对梁体本身截面的削弱作用,使GFRP腰梁的刚度和极限承载能力分别提高17.9%和44.9%,是GFRP腰梁的合理连接方式。研究成果可为GFRP腰梁的推广应用提供参考和借鉴。

Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites

This article presents an experimental study on the flexural performance of reinforced concrete(RC)beams with fiber reinforced cementitious composites(FRCC)and hybrid fiber reinforced cementitious composites(HFRCC)in the hinge portion.Beam specimens with moderate confinement were used in the study and tested under monotonic loading.Seven diverse types of FRCC including hybrid composites using fibers in different profiles and in different volumes are employed in this study.Companion specimens such as cylindrical specimens and prism specimens are also used to study the physical properties of composites employed.The moment?curvature,stiffness behavior,ductility,crack pattern and modified flexural damage ratio are the main factors considered in this study to observe the efficacy of the employed hybrid composites.The experimental outputs demonstrate the improved post yield behavior with less rate of stiffness degradation and better damage tolerance capacity than conventional technique.

Flexural behavior of steel reinforced engineered cementitious composite beams

In order to enhance the durability of steel encased concrete beams, a new type of steel reinforced engineered cementitious composite(SRECC) beam composed of steel shapes, steel bars and ECC is proposed. The theoretical analyses of the SRECC beam including crack propagation and stress-strain distributions along the depth of the composite beam in different loading stages are conducted. A theoretical model and simplified design method are proposed to calculate the load carrying capacity. Based on the proposed theoretical model, the relationship between the moment and corresponding curvature is derived. The theoretical results are verified with the finite element analysis. Finally, an extensive parametric study is performed to study the effect of the matrix type, steel shape ratio, reinforced bar ratio, ECC compressive strength and ECC tensile ductility on the mechanical behavior of SRECC beams. The results show that substitution concrete with ECC can effectively improve the bearing capacity and ductility of composite beams. The steel shape and longitudinal reinforcement can enhance the loading carrying capacity, while the ductility decreases with the increase of steel shape ratio. ECC compressive strength has significant effects on both load carrying capacity and ductility, and changing the ultimate strain of ECC results in a very limited variation in the mechanical behavior of SRECC beams.

Ductility of Timber Beams Strengthened Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer

This research was conducted to investigate the ductility behavior of timber beams strengthened with CFRP （carbon fiber reinforced polymer） plates. The surface to be bonded was spiked by punching small holes of 2 mm in diameter with 10 mm spacing. The aim is to increase bonding capacity by having small studs. Five beams with the dimension of 100 mm x 200 mm x 3,000 mm were tested where one of the beams was used as control beam （unstrengthened）. The remaining beams were strengthened with different configurations before tested to failure under four-point loading. The results showed that the ductility was increased as the percentage of CFRP increased. The ductility was dramatically improved where the highest ductility index based on deflection method was 2.2 where the percentage increase was 37.5%, whereas the highest ductility index based on energy method was 3.2 where the percentage increase was 88.2%. From this study, it was found that 0.3% is the optimum value of CFRP area to achieve maximum ductility index. Ductility index obtained from energy method gives higher values when compared to deflection method. All beams in this study did not fail due to peel off or debonding. It was also proved that the spikes that have been made at the wood surface were very effective for bonding.

Strengthening an in-service reinforcement concrete bridge with prestressed CFRP bars

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars were prestressed for the structural strengthening of 8 T-shaped rein-forced concrete (RC) beams of a 21-year-old bridge in China. The ultimate bearing capacity of the existing bridge after retrofit was discussed on the basis of concrete structures theory. The flexural strengths of RC beams strengthened with CFRP bars were controlled by the failure of concrete in compression and a prestressing method was applied in the retrofit. The field construction processes of strengthening with CFRP bars-including grouting cracks, cutting groove, grouting epoxy and embedding CFRP bars, surface treating, banding with the U-type CFRP sheets, releasing external prestressed steel tendons-were introduced in detail. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this strengthening method, field tests using vehicles as live load were applied before and after the retrofit. The test results of deflection and concrete strain of the T-shaped beams with and without strengthening show that the capacity of the repaired bridge, including the bending strength and stiffness, is enhanced. The measurements of crack width also indicate that this strengthening method can enhance the durability of bridges. Therefore, the proposed strengthening technology is feasible and effective.