纤维素粉末物理特性探讨

以木棉、香蒲绒、竹浆、木浆、苇浆纤维素粉末为研究对象,研究了其形态结构、回潮率及热性能.研究发现,纤维素粉末断面呈不规则状,表面有不同程度的损伤,但保留了其相应纤维的形态特征;木棉、香蒲绒、竹浆、木浆、苇浆纤维素粉末回潮率分别为11.3%,10.5%,9.2%,11.6%和9.5%;通过热失重(TG)分析发现,5种纤维素粉末起始降解温度均高于250℃,比较而言,香蒲绒纤维素粉末热稳定性较差,竹浆纤维素粉末热稳定性较好.研究结果为纤维素粉末应用提供理论依据.

鼻用纤维素粉末治疗变应性鼻炎的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨鼻用纤维素粉末治疗变应性鼻炎(AR)的临床疗效。方法:36例AR患者随机分成对照组和试验组,每组18例。对照组使用生理性海水喷鼻,试验组鼻腔局部使用鼻用纤维性粉末,分别于用药后14、28d评价患者主观症状和客观鼻腔功能(鼻气道阻力、嗅觉)的改善情况。结果:试验组和对照组主观症状及客观鼻腔功能检查均有改善,但试验组显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者均无不良反应发生。结论:鼻用纤维素粉末用于治疗AR的临床疗效显著,无不良反应发生,有利于改善患者鼻塞、鼻痒、喷嚏等不适症状和提高患者生活质量,值得临床推广使用。

鼻用纤维素粉末治疗变应性鼻炎的临床疗效研究

目的:探讨鼻用纤维素粉末治疗变应性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法:将50例变应性鼻炎患者随机分成实验组和对照组,每组各25例(最终分别完成24例及25例)。实验组鼻腔局部使用鼻用纤维性粉末喷鼻,对照组使用生理性海水喷鼻,于治疗3个月后评价患者鼻气道阻力、鼻部症状评分、鼻结膜炎生存质量量表(RQLQ)、嗅觉功能、鼻黏膜纤毛清除功能及不良反应。结果:2组患者均未见明显不良反应。实验组治疗后鼻阻力、鼻部症状评分及RQLQ评分(眼部症状除外)均较治疗前显著改善,其鼻部症状中的鼻痒、流涕、喷嚏症状及RQLQ中的睡眠、非鼻症状、鼻部症状、情感改善情况显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而2组患者治疗后嗅觉功能及鼻黏膜纤毛清除功能均未见明显改善(P>0.05)。结论:鼻用纤维素粉末使用安全,可显著改善变应性鼻炎患者的主观症状,提高其生活质量。

填充粉末状纤维素的丁苯橡胶的溶胀现象

论述了由纺织工业废弃料制得的粉末状纤维素填料,在合成丁苯橡胶过程中应用的可能性。文中指出了粉末状纤维素填充剂对制得的硫化胶溶胀性能的影响。

纤维素在酸及酶催化作用下的降解特性

探讨纤维素在酸催化及酶催化作用下的降解方法。比较了质子酸与Lewis酸 ,专一性酶与非专一性酶对纤维素降解的催化特性。结果表明 ,在一定程度上 ,非专一性酶对纤维素也具有催化降解能力。在中等降解程度内 (DP 6 0 0 80 0 ) ,与专一性酶降解特性基本相似。在相同条件下 ,Lewis酸对纤维素的降解特性与质子酸基本相当。

Tabletting Characteristics of the Selected Malaysian Herbs

This work describes a study of tabletting of selected Malaysian herbs such as Eurycoma longifolia Jack, Ficus deltoidea and Morinda citrifolia. These herbs are famous for their therapeutic properties and are used as herbal medicine or as medicinal food. A cylindrical uniaxial die of 13 mm was used to compress the herb powders into tablets. Pressures ranging from 7.5 MPa to 75 MPa were applied using a universal testing machine. Two feed weights, 0.5 g and 1.0 g, were used to produce the tablets. A binder, the microcrystalline cellulose known as Avicel, was used to investigate its effect on tabletting. Properties associated with both the binder and the compounds were studied, and binary mixtures with compositions ranging from 10% to 60% were examined. The strength of the herb tablets was then tested using an indirect tensile strength test. Upon compression, the Morinda citrifolia powder showed the highest density compared to that of Avicel. However, due to its high elasticity, the tensile strength of the Morinda citrifolia tablet was the lowest. The experimental data were also verified using an established model for compression property development. The results indicated that this simple approach can be used to understand the tabletting characteristics of these herbs.

Determination and Removal of Endocrine Disruptors in Wastewater by Activated Carbon

This study aimed to evaluate the EDC （endocrine disruptors compounds） in the city of Sao Paulo＇s water sources, from samples collected at predetermined sampling points and to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of these compounds in different types of activated carbon. The effects of these EDC on humans are not well established due to the necessary large exposure time for the effect＇s manifestation. After tests using powdered and granular activated carbon, all samples were filtered under vacuum using cellulose acetate membrane （0.45 μm） to remove eventual impurities, and posteriorly carded out the solid-phase extraction SPE （solid-phase extraction） and chromatographic analysis. The results lead to the conclusion that both powdered activated carbon have removal effectiveness of these compounds by adsorption. Furthermore, great amount of endocrine disruptors were found at several sampling points in river and city＇s water reservoirs, which shows different levels of pollution of water sources, some of them responsible for the watersupply of the city of Silo Paulo, Brazil.