This study was conducted to investigate the influence of the L 1 （first language） （Arabic） on learning ESL （English as a second language） in Jordanian schools, and its relation to education policy. The sample of...This study was conducted to investigate the influence of the L 1 （first language） （Arabic） on learning ESL （English as a second language） in Jordanian schools, and its relation to education policy. The sample of the study consisted of 266 high school graduates Jordanian students in the academic year 2013-2014. A translation test consisted of 24 items and divided to eight areas was constructed to arrive at the objectives of the study. The study concluded that the percentage of total errors committed by the study sample in all areas exceeds percentage of correct answers （wrong answers is 52.48＇%, correct answers is 47.52%）, and the students committed more transfer errors in the types of verb to be, addition to, andpassive voice than other types of errors as a result of the effect of the L1.展开更多
For a special coupled Korteweg de Vries （KdV） system, its similarity solutions and reduction equations are obtained by the Clarkson and Kruskal＇s direct method. In addition, its new explicit soliton solutions and t...For a special coupled Korteweg de Vries （KdV） system, its similarity solutions and reduction equations are obtained by the Clarkson and Kruskal＇s direct method. In addition, its new explicit soliton solutions and traveling wave solutions are found by the deformation and mapping method.展开更多
The present thesis takes Joseph Conrad＇s best-known novel, Lord Jim as a text of analysis to explore its themes that are the ambiguous nature of good and evil, the importance and fragility of ideals, the isolation of...The present thesis takes Joseph Conrad＇s best-known novel, Lord Jim as a text of analysis to explore its themes that are the ambiguous nature of good and evil, the importance and fragility of ideals, the isolation of the individual, and the threat of disaster and failure that looms behind the calm surface of every day. It focuses on the psychological process of the protagonist, Jim, by employing Freud＇s psychoanalysis to solve the puzzle surrounding Jim.展开更多
Chemical process optimization can be described as large-scale nonlinear constrained minimization. The modified augmented Lagrange multiplier methods (MALMM) for large-scale nonlinear constrained minimization are studi...Chemical process optimization can be described as large-scale nonlinear constrained minimization. The modified augmented Lagrange multiplier methods (MALMM) for large-scale nonlinear constrained minimization are studied in this paper. The Lagrange function contains the penalty terms on equality and inequality constraints and the methods can be applied to solve a series of bound constrained sub-problems instead of a series of unconstrained sub-problems. The steps of the methods are examined in full detail. Numerical experiments are made for a variety of problems, from small to very large-scale, which show the stability and effectiveness of the methods in large-scale problems.展开更多
We construct the integrable deformations of the Heisenberg supermagnet model with the quadratic constraints （i） S2=3S - 2I, for S ∈ USPL（2/1）/S（U（2）×U（1）） and （ii） S2=S, for S ∈ USPL（2/1）/S（L（1/...We construct the integrable deformations of the Heisenberg supermagnet model with the quadratic constraints （i） S2=3S - 2I, for S ∈ USPL（2/1）/S（U（2）×U（1）） and （ii） S2=S, for S ∈ USPL（2/1）/S（L（1/1）×U（1））. Under the gauge transformation, their corresponding gauge equivalent counterparts are derived. They are the Grassman odd and super mixed derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation, respectively.展开更多
Sparse optimization has witnessed advancements in recent decades,and the step function finds extensive applications across various machine learning and signal processing domains.This paper integrates zero norm and the...Sparse optimization has witnessed advancements in recent decades,and the step function finds extensive applications across various machine learning and signal processing domains.This paper integrates zero norm and the step function to formulate a doublesparsity constrained optimization problem,wherein a linear equality constraint is also taken into consideration.By defining aτ-Lagrangian stationary point and a KKT point,we establish the first-order and second-order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for the problem.Furthermore,we thoroughly elucidate their relationships to local and global optimal solutions.Finally,special cases and examples are presented to illustrate the obtained theorems.展开更多
Chaplygin’s nonholonomic systems are familiar mechanical systems subject to unintegrable linear constraints, which can be reduced into holonomic nonconservative systems in a subspace of the original state space. The ...Chaplygin’s nonholonomic systems are familiar mechanical systems subject to unintegrable linear constraints, which can be reduced into holonomic nonconservative systems in a subspace of the original state space. The inverse problem of the calculus of variations or Lagrangian inverse problem for such systems is analyzed by making use of a reduction of the systems into new ones with time reparametrization symmetry and a genotopic transformation related with a conformal transformation. It is evident that the Lagrangian inverse problem does not have a direct universality. By meaning of a reduction of Chaplygin’s nonholonomic systems into holonomic, regular, analytic, nonconservative, first-order systems, the systems admit a Birkhoffian representation in a star-shaped neighborhood of a regular point of their variables, which is universal due to the Cauchy-Kovalevski theorem and the converse of the Poincaré lemma.展开更多
An explicit Bargmann symmetry constraint is computed and its associated binary nonlinearization of Lax pairs is carried out for the super Dirac systems. Under the obtained symmetry constraint, the n-th flow of the sup...An explicit Bargmann symmetry constraint is computed and its associated binary nonlinearization of Lax pairs is carried out for the super Dirac systems. Under the obtained symmetry constraint, the n-th flow of the super Dirac hierarchy is decomposed into two super finite-diinensional integrable Hamiltonian systems, defined over the super- symmetry manifold R^4N{2N with the corresponding dynamical variables x and tn. The integrals of motion required for Liouville integrability are explicitly given.展开更多
We discuss the stationarity of generator G for gauge symmetries in two directions.One is to the motion equations defined by total Hamiltonian H T,and gives that the number of the independent coefficients in the genera...We discuss the stationarity of generator G for gauge symmetries in two directions.One is to the motion equations defined by total Hamiltonian H T,and gives that the number of the independent coefficients in the generator G is not greater than the number of the primary first-class constraints,and the number of Noether conserved charges is not greater than that of the primary first-class constraints,too.The other is to the variances of canonical variables deduced from the generator G,and gives the variances of Lagrangian multipliers contained in extended Hamiltonian H E.And a second-class constraint generated by a first-class constraint may imply a new first-class constraint which can be combined by introducing other second-class constraints.Finally,we supply two examples.One with three first-class constraints(two is primary and one is secondary) has two Noether conserved charges,and the secondary first-class constraint is combined by three second-class constraints which are a secondary and two primary second-class constraints.The other with two first-class constraints(one is primary and one is secondary) has one Noehter conserved charge.展开更多
This paper proposes a nonmonotone line search filter method with reduced Hessian updating for solving nonlinear equality constrained optimization.In order to deal with large scale problems,a reduced Hessian matrix is ...This paper proposes a nonmonotone line search filter method with reduced Hessian updating for solving nonlinear equality constrained optimization.In order to deal with large scale problems,a reduced Hessian matrix is approximated by BFGS updates.The new method assures global convergence without using a merit function.By Lagrangian function in the filter and nonmonotone scheme,the authors prove that the method can overcome Maratos effect without using second order correction step so that the locally superlinear convergence is achieved.The primary numerical experiments are reported to show effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
A robust nonlinear control method is presented for spacecraft precise formation flying.With the constraint forces and consid-ering nonlinearity and perturbations,the problem of the formation keeping is changed to the ...A robust nonlinear control method is presented for spacecraft precise formation flying.With the constraint forces and consid-ering nonlinearity and perturbations,the problem of the formation keeping is changed to the Lagrange systems with the holonomic constraints and the differential algebraic equations (DAE).The nonlinear control laws are developed by solving the DAE.Because the traditional numerical solving methods of DAE are very sensitive to the various errors and the resulting con-trol laws are not robust in engineering application,the robust control law designed method is further developed by designing the correct coefficients to correct the errors of the formation array constraints.A numeral study simulated the robustness of this method for the various errors in the formation flying mission,including the initial errors of spacecraft formation,the reference satellite orbit determination errors,the relative perturbation forces model errors,and so on.展开更多
This paper studies denumerable continuous-time Markov decision processes with expected total reward criteria. The authors first study the unconstrained model with possible unbounded transition rates, and give suitable...This paper studies denumerable continuous-time Markov decision processes with expected total reward criteria. The authors first study the unconstrained model with possible unbounded transition rates, and give suitable conditions on the controlled system＇s primitive data under which the authors show the existence of a solution to the total reward optimality equation and also the existence of an optimal stationary policy. Then, the authors impose a constraint on an expected total cost, and consider the associated constrained model. Basing on the results about the unconstrained model and using the Lagrange multipliers approach, the authors prove the existence of constrained-optimal policies under some additional conditions. Finally, the authors apply the results to controlled queueing systems.展开更多
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the influence of the L 1 （first language） （Arabic） on learning ESL （English as a second language） in Jordanian schools, and its relation to education policy. The sample of the study consisted of 266 high school graduates Jordanian students in the academic year 2013-2014. A translation test consisted of 24 items and divided to eight areas was constructed to arrive at the objectives of the study. The study concluded that the percentage of total errors committed by the study sample in all areas exceeds percentage of correct answers （wrong answers is 52.48＇%, correct answers is 47.52%）, and the students committed more transfer errors in the types of verb to be, addition to, andpassive voice than other types of errors as a result of the effect of the L1.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundations of Jiangxi Province under Grant Nos. 2008GZS0045 and 2009GZW0026
文摘For a special coupled Korteweg de Vries （KdV） system, its similarity solutions and reduction equations are obtained by the Clarkson and Kruskal＇s direct method. In addition, its new explicit soliton solutions and traveling wave solutions are found by the deformation and mapping method.
文摘The present thesis takes Joseph Conrad＇s best-known novel, Lord Jim as a text of analysis to explore its themes that are the ambiguous nature of good and evil, the importance and fragility of ideals, the isolation of the individual, and the threat of disaster and failure that looms behind the calm surface of every day. It focuses on the psychological process of the protagonist, Jim, by employing Freud＇s psychoanalysis to solve the puzzle surrounding Jim.
文摘Chemical process optimization can be described as large-scale nonlinear constrained minimization. The modified augmented Lagrange multiplier methods (MALMM) for large-scale nonlinear constrained minimization are studied in this paper. The Lagrange function contains the penalty terms on equality and inequality constraints and the methods can be applied to solve a series of bound constrained sub-problems instead of a series of unconstrained sub-problems. The steps of the methods are examined in full detail. Numerical experiments are made for a variety of problems, from small to very large-scale, which show the stability and effectiveness of the methods in large-scale problems.
基金Supported by National Key Basic Research Project of China under Grant No.2006CB805905National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10975102 and 10871135
文摘We construct the integrable deformations of the Heisenberg supermagnet model with the quadratic constraints （i） S2=3S - 2I, for S ∈ USPL（2/1）/S（U（2）×U（1）） and （ii） S2=S, for S ∈ USPL（2/1）/S（L（1/1）×U（1））. Under the gauge transformation, their corresponding gauge equivalent counterparts are derived. They are the Grassman odd and super mixed derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation, respectively.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1011100)NSFC(No.12131004)。
文摘Sparse optimization has witnessed advancements in recent decades,and the step function finds extensive applications across various machine learning and signal processing domains.This paper integrates zero norm and the step function to formulate a doublesparsity constrained optimization problem,wherein a linear equality constraint is also taken into consideration.By defining aτ-Lagrangian stationary point and a KKT point,we establish the first-order and second-order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for the problem.Furthermore,we thoroughly elucidate their relationships to local and global optimal solutions.Finally,special cases and examples are presented to illustrate the obtained theorems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10932002, 10872084, and 10472040)the Outstanding Young Talents Training Fund of Liaoning Province of China (Grant No. 3040005)+2 种基金the Research Program of Higher Education of Liaoning Prov- ince, China (Grant No. 2008S098)the Program of Supporting Elitists of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, China (Grant No. 2008RC20)the Program of Constructing Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory, China (Grant No. 2008403009)
文摘Chaplygin’s nonholonomic systems are familiar mechanical systems subject to unintegrable linear constraints, which can be reduced into holonomic nonconservative systems in a subspace of the original state space. The inverse problem of the calculus of variations or Lagrangian inverse problem for such systems is analyzed by making use of a reduction of the systems into new ones with time reparametrization symmetry and a genotopic transformation related with a conformal transformation. It is evident that the Lagrangian inverse problem does not have a direct universality. By meaning of a reduction of Chaplygin’s nonholonomic systems into holonomic, regular, analytic, nonconservative, first-order systems, the systems admit a Birkhoffian representation in a star-shaped neighborhood of a regular point of their variables, which is universal due to the Cauchy-Kovalevski theorem and the converse of the Poincaré lemma.
基金Project supported by the Hangdian Foundation (No. KYS075608072)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 10671187, 10971109)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (No. NCET-08-0515)
文摘An explicit Bargmann symmetry constraint is computed and its associated binary nonlinearization of Lax pairs is carried out for the super Dirac systems. Under the obtained symmetry constraint, the n-th flow of the super Dirac hierarchy is decomposed into two super finite-diinensional integrable Hamiltonian systems, defined over the super- symmetry manifold R^4N{2N with the corresponding dynamical variables x and tn. The integrals of motion required for Liouville integrability are explicitly given.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11047020 and 11047173Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China under Grant Nos.ZR2011AM019,ZR2010AQ025,BS2010DS006,and Y200814Scientific and Technological Development Projection of Shandong Province,China under Grant No.J08LI56
文摘We discuss the stationarity of generator G for gauge symmetries in two directions.One is to the motion equations defined by total Hamiltonian H T,and gives that the number of the independent coefficients in the generator G is not greater than the number of the primary first-class constraints,and the number of Noether conserved charges is not greater than that of the primary first-class constraints,too.The other is to the variances of canonical variables deduced from the generator G,and gives the variances of Lagrangian multipliers contained in extended Hamiltonian H E.And a second-class constraint generated by a first-class constraint may imply a new first-class constraint which can be combined by introducing other second-class constraints.Finally,we supply two examples.One with three first-class constraints(two is primary and one is secondary) has two Noether conserved charges,and the secondary first-class constraint is combined by three second-class constraints which are a secondary and two primary second-class constraints.The other with two first-class constraints(one is primary and one is secondary) has one Noehter conserved charge.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10871130the Ph.D Foundation under Grant No.20093127110005+1 种基金the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project under Grant No.S30405the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission under Grant No.12YZ174
文摘This paper proposes a nonmonotone line search filter method with reduced Hessian updating for solving nonlinear equality constrained optimization.In order to deal with large scale problems,a reduced Hessian matrix is approximated by BFGS updates.The new method assures global convergence without using a merit function.By Lagrangian function in the filter and nonmonotone scheme,the authors prove that the method can overcome Maratos effect without using second order correction step so that the locally superlinear convergence is achieved.The primary numerical experiments are reported to show effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Foundation (Grant Nos. 20080440217, 200902666)
文摘A robust nonlinear control method is presented for spacecraft precise formation flying.With the constraint forces and consid-ering nonlinearity and perturbations,the problem of the formation keeping is changed to the Lagrange systems with the holonomic constraints and the differential algebraic equations (DAE).The nonlinear control laws are developed by solving the DAE.Because the traditional numerical solving methods of DAE are very sensitive to the various errors and the resulting con-trol laws are not robust in engineering application,the robust control law designed method is further developed by designing the correct coefficients to correct the errors of the formation array constraints.A numeral study simulated the robustness of this method for the various errors in the formation flying mission,including the initial errors of spacecraft formation,the reference satellite orbit determination errors,the relative perturbation forces model errors,and so on.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10925107 and 60874004
文摘This paper studies denumerable continuous-time Markov decision processes with expected total reward criteria. The authors first study the unconstrained model with possible unbounded transition rates, and give suitable conditions on the controlled system＇s primitive data under which the authors show the existence of a solution to the total reward optimality equation and also the existence of an optimal stationary policy. Then, the authors impose a constraint on an expected total cost, and consider the associated constrained model. Basing on the results about the unconstrained model and using the Lagrange multipliers approach, the authors prove the existence of constrained-optimal policies under some additional conditions. Finally, the authors apply the results to controlled queueing systems.
