微博约架:传媒公共领域的实践困境

由于不同的新闻传播制度,中国传媒公共领域的发展历程与阿伦特、哈贝马斯等西方学者描述的资本主义公共领域存在较大差异。传媒公共领域理论一度被认为是理想主义的乌托邦,而微博的飞速发展,似乎为中国传媒公共领域的实现提供了理想的平台。微博发挥了传媒公共领域在技术层面的平等性、开放性、交互性、批判性,削弱了传媒的政治控制力,一定程度上推动了中国的民主进程。但可否就此认为微博是私人(广泛参与的受众)通过对话、协商与辩论形成了公共舆论,从而建构了现代传媒公共领域?本文以"微博约架"事件为例,从公共领域所要求的理性批判、交往理性、公共性、独立性等层面,揭示微博在中国传媒公共领域的实践困境。

网络知识分子:公共性与媒介化生存——从名人微博约架谈起

微博约架事件是互联网出现以来,知识分子在新媒介中发生的激化事件。从语言暴力走向现实暴力的过程中,网络知识分子的公共性实质遇到了挑战。本文从公共领域理论入手,分析网络知识分子公共性的实质与网络传播中知识分子的迷失,以期寻求公共性网络知识分子的媒介化生存之路。这是新媒介发展中净化网络和社会进步以及知识分子自我认同的切实问题。

对当代中国武术发展的思考——由徐晓冬约架事件谈起

由徐晓冬约架事件对当代中国武术发展的几个问题进行了思考:武术打假的问题,媒体影视对传统武术的误导,武术的表演性与实战性争辩,武术的文化自信等。徐晓冬"约架"是浮躁时代的映照,事件本身反映了体育文化的冲突,同时"约架"为中国武术提出了警示。

公共理性视角下“微博约架”的反思与治理

微博约架近年来有愈演愈烈之势,具有负面传染性和示范性,从根本上背离了公共理性精神,撕裂了社会和谐。对这一不良社会现象的治理要多管齐下:进一步强化自媒体管理的力度,从源头上遏制约架信息的传播;大力培育公民社会,彻底铲除戾气生成的社会土壤;努力形塑普遍的文化宽容精神,营造自由宽松的公共讨论氛围。

传统武术“约架”现象的成因、隐患与规避路径

运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,从社会学、传播学等视角对传统武术“约架”现象进行分析。认为,“草根文化”影响下习武者个体的行为越轨、“流量至上”风潮下不良媒体的推波助澜、能不能“打”价值功能上的认知分歧、传统武术内部“礼治”弱化与外部“管制”不适是“约架”现象产生的具体原因。“约架”现象具有重大的隐患,利益至上催生价值盲从,认知坍塌产生信任危机,形象受损阻碍武术发展。指出,规避“约架”现象,需要真实解读和传播传统武术文化,加强社会公共道德建设和传播监控,完善传统武术内外协调机制,旨在为传统武术营造良好的发展环境。

“微博约架”带给我们的思考

微博的出现给快节奏生活下的大众带来了很多便利,符合人们对快餐文化的需求。但同时在微博平台上也出现了越来越多社会名人之间的相互谩骂、侮辱等不文明行为,同时还有很多粉丝参与其中。近期一些知识分子在微博上因为学术争论而相互言语掐架,最终升级为"微博约架"。理性的学术争论最后要通过拳头来解决,让我们看到网络文明的渐行渐远,网络戾气的愈演愈烈。我们应该多考虑一下"微博约架"带来的负面效应,共同采取措施来营造文明网络环境。

体育治理视角下江湖约架的性质判断与应对建议

江湖约架成为“现象级”事件,引起一场大众的审丑狂欢,迫切需要进行社会治理。运用文献资料和逻辑分析等研究方法,从体育比赛和体育治理的角度,对江湖约架事件进行性质判断,指出仅使用法律手段难以取得良好效果,体育行业自治被提上议事日程。认为,江湖约架事件的产生与传统武术固有的文化性有关,同时也是体育事业改革发展和社会转型中出现的新问题。为对其进行有效应对和规制,管理部门应加大改革创新力度,疏堵结合开展治理工作;行业协会明确责任,围绕制定比赛规程和制度、探索办赛模式和比赛形式开展工作,同时,完善自身的管理体制机制,充分依靠软法展开自治;社会层面,立足弘扬社会主义核心价值观,提升个人道德自律水平,进行积极、健康、理性的价值引导。通过多方位、多角度的治理工作,消解江湖约架现象,推动传统武术在现代社会健康发展。

未成年人“约架”型犯罪研究——基于120个未成年人约架案例样本

我国未成年人犯罪的暴力化和团伙化现象明显,未成年人"约架"型犯罪就是其中的突出表现。基于当前严峻的犯罪态势与理论研究的相对不足,以120个未成年人约架案例为研究样本进行分析,发现未成年人约架具有团伙化、持械率高、后果严重等特点,在此基础上引入社会控制理论和犯罪情境理论探讨其成因,进而从社会预防、情境预防两方面构建体系,减少和消除未成年人"约架"型犯罪产生的社会原因、具体条件及犯罪机会。

当代武术功能定位反思:武术“约架”怪象审视

运用文献资料法,对武术“约架”的怪象进行探析,引起了对当代武术功能定位的反思。研究认为:武术若想长久的发展必须要立足于当下社会环境和国家政策,在当下社会环境中,武术的发展并非迫切需要武术技击的回归。国家政策一般分为对内与对外两大部分,在当前政策下,当代武术主要功能的定位也可分为国内和国际两个方向,国内武术未来发展的定位可以武术的健身和养生功能为主,以响应当前政策和满足人民需要;国际武术未来发展的定位可以武术文化的传播功能为主,以武术的全球化传播和提高国家文化软实力为落脚点。

浅谈包头市本地网基础网络架构的建设

介绍了基础网络架构的概念及本地光缆网的建设思路,重点对包头市本地基础网络架构确定情况作了介绍。

武林乱象之学理分析

为进一步规范武术市场,树立武术良好形象,推进武术健康发展。运用文献资料法、实地调研法等研究方法,对现时频发的武林乱象进行深入研究。研究认为:1)武林乱象是武术文化失范的具体表现形式,武术文化失范现象脱离不开社会环境; 2)剖析了武林乱象中"创拳立户、约架、赛事"典型个案现象及深层次原因; 3)提出规范武林乱象的具体措施,即科学普及推广武术文化认知,保护与认定民间传统武术拳师,规范武术竞赛活动。

Co-evolutionary cloud-based attribute ensemble multi-agent reduction algorithm

In order to improve the performance of the attribute reduction algorithm to deal with the noisy and uncertain large data, a novel co-evolutionary cloud-based attribute ensemble multi-agent reduction（CCAEMR） algorithm is proposed.First, a co-evolutionary cloud framework is designed under the M apReduce mechanism to divide the entire population into different co-evolutionary subpopulations with a self-adaptive scale. Meanwhile, these subpopulations will share their rewards to accelerate attribute reduction implementation.Secondly, a multi-agent ensemble strategy of co-evolutionary elitist optimization is constructed to ensure that subpopulations can exploit any correlation and interdependency between interacting attribute subsets with reinforcing noise tolerance.Hence, these agents are kept within the stable elitist region to achieve the optimal profit. The experimental results show that the proposed CCAEMR algorithm has better efficiency and feasibility to solve large-scale and uncertain dataset problems with complex noise.

Closure of a persistent sphincterotomy-related duodenal perforation by placement of a covered self-expandable metallic biliary stent

Retroperitoneal duodenal perforation as a result of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy is a rare complication, but it is associated with a relatively high mortality risk, if left untreated. Recently, several endoscopic techniques have been described to close a variety of perforations. In this case report, we describe the closure of a persistent sphincterotomy-related duodenal perforation by using a covered self-expandable metallic biliary (CEMB) stent. A 61-year-old Greek woman underwent an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and sphincterotomy for suspected choledo-cholithiasis, and a retroperitoneal duodenal perforation (sphincterotomy-related) occurred. Despite initial conservative management, the patient underwent a laparotomy and drainage of the retroperitoneal space. After that, a high volume duodenal fistula developed. Six weeks after the initial ERCP, the patient underwent a repeat endoscopy and placement of a CEMB stent with an indwelling nasobiliary drain. The fistula healed completely and the stent was removed two weeks later. We suggest the transient use of CEMB stents for the closure of sphincterotomy-related duodenal perforations. They can be placed either during the initial ERCP or even later if there is radiographic or clinical evidence that the leakage persists.

Bi-level hybrid local search approach for three-dimensional loading problem with balancing constraints

This paper presents a bi-level hybrid local search(BHLS)algorithm for the three-dimensional loading problem with balancing constraints(3DLP-B),where several rectangular boxes with even densities but different sizes are loaded into a single cubic bin to meet the requirements of the space or capacity utilization and the balance of the center of gravity.The proposed algorithm hybridizes a novel framed-layout procedure in which the concept of the core block and its generation strategy are introduced.Once the block-loading sequence has been determined,we can load one block at a time by the designed construction heuristic.Then,the double-search is introduced;its external search procedure generates a list of compact packing patterns while its internal search procedure is used to search the core-block frames and their best distribution locations.The approach is extensively tested on weakly to strongly heterogeneous benchmark data.The results show that it has better performance in improving space utilization rate and balanced condition of the placement than existed techniques:the overall averages from 79.85%to 86.45%were obtained for the balanced cases and relatively high space-usage rate of 89.44%was achieved for the unbalanced ones.

Mechanical behaviour analysis and support system field experiment of confined concrete arches

Soft rock control is a big challenge in underground engineering.As for this problem,a high-strength support technique of confined concrete(CC)arches is proposed and studied in this paper.Based on full-scale mechanical test system of arch,research is made on the failure mechanism and mechanical properties of CC arch.Then,a mechanical calculation model of circular section is established for the arches with arbitrary section and unequal rigidity;a calculation formula is deduced for the internal force of the arch;an analysis is made on the influence of different factors on the internal force of the arch;and a calculation formula is got for the bearing capacity of CC arch through the strength criterion of bearing capacity.With numerical calculation and laboratory experiment,the ultimate bearing capacity and internal force distribution is analyzed for CC arches.The research results show that:1)CC arch is 2.31 times higher in strength than the U-shaped steel arch and has better stability;2)The key damage position of the arch is the two sides;3)Theoretical analysis,numerical calculation and laboratory experiment have good consistency in the internal force distribution,bearing capacity,and deformation and failure modes of the arch.All of that verifies the correctness of the theoretical calculation.Based on the above results,a field experiment is carried out in Liangjia Mine.Compared with the U-shaped steel arch support,CC arch support is more effective in surrounding rock deformation control.The research results can provide a basis for the design of CC arch support in underground engineering.

More than Carbon Stocks:A Case Study of Ecosystem-based Benefits of REDD+ in Indonesia

During the 15th Conference of the Parties （COP 15）, Parties agreed that reducing emissions from deforesta- tion and forest degradation and enhancing ＇removals of greenhouse gas emission by forests＇ （REDD＋） in developing countries through positive incentives under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change （UNFCCC） was capable of dealing with global emissions. As REDD＋ seeks to lower emissions by stopping deforestation and for- est degradation with an international payment tier according to baseline scenarios, opportunities for ecosystem benefits such as slowing habitat fragmentation, conservation of forest biodiversity, soil conservation may be also part of this effort. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate ecosystem-based benefits of REDD＋, and to identify the rela- tionships with carbon stock changes. To achieve this goal, high resolution satellite images are combined with Normal- ized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） to identify historical deforestation in study area of Central Kalimantan, In- donesia. The carbon emissions for the period of 2000-2005 and 2005-2009 are 2.73 ×10^5 t CO2 and 1.47× 10^6 t CO2 respectively, showing an increasing trend in recent years. Dring 2005-2009, number of patches （NP）, patch density （PD）, mean shape index distribution （SHAPE_MN） increased 30.8%, 30.7% and 7.6%. Meanwhile, largest patch index （LPI）, mean area （AREA MN）, area-weighted mean of shape index distribution （SHAPE_AM）, neighbor distance （ENN_MN） and interspersion and juxtaposition index （IJI） decreased by 55.3%, 29.7%, 15.8%, 53.4% and 21.5% re- spectively. The area regarding as positive correlation between carbon emissions and soil erosion was approximately 8.9 x l03 ha corresponding to 96.0% of the changing forest. These results support the view that there are strong syner- gies among carbon loss, forest fragmentation and soil erosion in tropical forests. Such mechanism of REDD＋ is likely to present opportunities for multiple benefits that fall outside the scope of carbon stocks.

Assessment of achievements of the Lima Climate Change Conference and perspectives on the future

The Lima call for climate action adopted at the Lima Climate Conference on Climate Change specifies that the principles of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,including the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities,shall apply to the new climate agreement to be adopted at the Paris Conference on Climate Change in 2015.Decisions on other heavily debated items,including the intended nationally determined contributions,were also made at the Lima Conference.The significant achievements in Lima and the positive momentum have laid a solid foundation for the adoption of a new climate agreement in the Paris Climate Conference.Four measures are proposed for China to meet great challenges in addressing climate change beyond 2020,including early formulation and issuance of a climate change law,establishment of a greenhouse gas emission trading scheme,promotion of advanced climate technology investments,and further international engagement for climate change.

Comparison of treatment outcomes between biliary plastic stent placements with and without endoscopic sphincterotomy for inoperable malignant common bile duct obstruction

AIM:Considerable controversy surrounds the adoption of endoscopic sphincterotomy(ES)to facilitate the placement of 10F plastic stents(PS)and to reduce the risk of pancreatitis The aim of the study was to assess the possible advantages of ES before PS placement. METHODS:From 3/1996 to 6/2001,172 consecutive patients, who underwent placement of a single 10F-polyethylene stent for inoperable malignant strictures of the common bile duct,were randomly assigned to 2 groups.In group A(96 patients),a ES was performed before PS placement In Group B,96 patients had PS directly.Early complications(within 30 d)and late effects(from 30 d to stent replacement)were assessed.Patency interval was defined as the period between PS placement and obstruction or death.The success of stent replacement in the 2 groups was evaluated. RESULTS:Stent insertion was successful in 95.8%(92/96) of the pts in group A and in 93.7%(90/96)of the patients in group B(P>0.05).Early complications were more frequent in patients who underwent ES(6.5% vs4.4%)but the data were not significant(P>0.05).In group A pancreatitis developed in two patients and bleeding in three;whereas pancreatitis occurred in 2 patients in group B.Complications were managed conservatively.No procedure related mortality occurred.All late complications were acute cholangitis due to stent occlusion.We performed a stent replacement in 87 patients that was successful in 84 cases without differences between groups. CONCLUSION:Sphincterotomy does not seem to be necessary for placement of 10F-PS in patients with malignant common bile duct obstruction.

Study on the demand of climate finance for developing countries based on submitted INDC

The 21 st Conference of Party(COP21) held in Paris at the end of 2015 has opened a new era for the joint response dealing with climate change globally, and built up a new mode of global climate governance, that is, "all Parties submit INDC e global stocktake e enhance effort of actions e all Parties resubmit INDC e finally achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention." With 160 INDC reports(covering 188 Parties)that the UNFCCC Secretariat has currently received as research objects, this study classifies the mitigation targets of all Parties, and focuses on the systematic analysis of the financial demand, mitigation cost and priority investment areas for developing countries. The results are as follows:among 160 INDC reports, 122 reports clearly include the finance content; 64 reports propose specific amount of financial demand for the implementation of INDC; 31 reports pre-estimate domestic amount and financial demand for greenhouse gas mitigation in 2030, based on which they have calculated that the average mitigation cost for developing countries in 2030 would have reached up to US$22.3 per ton CO2; 28 Parties reclassify the financial demand for mitigation and adaptation areas, and reach the conclusion that the overall financial demand ratio for mitigation and adaptation is 1.4. Should the current mitigation commitments of the Parties from developed countries be used as benchmark, then in2030 the total amount of financial demand for developing countries in response to climate change would have reached up to US$474 billion.

Model of Wetland Carbon Sequestration in the Venetian Lagoon, Italy

This research deals with an evaluation of the sink of greenhouse gas CO2 in a eutrophic area of the Venetian lagoon where fish is farmed （＂Valle da pesca＂）. Following CDM UNFCCC （Clean Development Mechanism United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change） criteria, this can be considered relevant to the international standard for the voluntary evaluation of carbon credits on the basis of Annex a of Kyoto Protocol. To identify the ＂Valle da pesca＂ brackish lagoon properties regulating the carbon dioxide （CO2）, a survey has been performed during three seasons in one year and in four different locations. These places are located in the Italian Venetian Lagoon and in the Grado Lagoon in North Italy, Europe. To identify the CO2 sink capacity, a special index is calculated. The CO2 concentrations and sink are regulated by the balance of autotrophic and heterotrophic activities, and the sediment anoxic denitrification and macro algae are crucial tank of CO2 in the valley shallow waters. The ponds potential-CO2 yield of 80-124 kg/m2 per year and the value are related and proportional to the correct human environmental control （water flux control）.