This exploratory study examines whether genre has an impact on syntactic complexity and holistic rating in EFL writing. Over 300 sample texts produced by intermediate learners were collected from a test and some regul...This exploratory study examines whether genre has an impact on syntactic complexity and holistic rating in EFL writing. Over 300 sample texts produced by intermediate learners were collected from a test and some regular after-class assignments for English writing courses. Each participant completed two writing tasks, one argumentative and the other narrative. Results show that genre type has a significant impact on L2 syntactic complexity. Genre effect is found stronger with timed writing tasks. L2 holistic ratings show correlation with syntactic complexity on the different measure(s) depending on genre type and planning conditions. Regression analyses reveal that for timed writing tasks, clausal density(clauses per sentence) is a reliable predictor for holistic assessment on intermediate EFL learners’ writing quality. It is found to account for 6% of the score variance for timed writing and 10% for timed argumentative writing. Genre is evidenced to be related to EFL writing holistic ratings. Closer examination indicates that while syntactic complexity is predictive of holistic writing scores for argumentative writing, it does not correlate with holistic scores for narrative writing. Other linguistic features rather than syntactic complexity may be accountable. Overall, the study lends support to genre effect in the relationship between syntactic complexity and L2 writing quality holistic rating.展开更多
Language is a part of culture and the carrier of the culture. Foreign language study is not only the process of learning a language but also the process of taking the language as a means of information transmission to...Language is a part of culture and the carrier of the culture. Foreign language study is not only the process of learning a language but also the process of taking the language as a means of information transmission to comprehend culture. With the implementation of the New Curriculum Standard （2017） in senior English, the notions of cultural awareness and culture instruction are being accepted and carried out in EFL （English as Foreign Language） classroom by English teachers. This paper tries to analyze the relationship between language and culture, the contents and goals in teaching foreign language and culture, the significance of teaching culture in foreign language education. This paper concludes with recommendations for improving culture teaching： Learning a foreign language is inseparable from learning its culture; The knowledge of culture differences may help students to make less pragmatic errors and become proficient in cross-cultural communication; Great efforts should also be paid to the development of the student’s cross-cultural awareness, and then the quality of English teaching could be really improved.展开更多
The pore structures and electrochemical performances of mesoporous carbons prepared by silica sol template method as electrode material for supercapacitor were investigated. The mean pore size and mass specific capaci...The pore structures and electrochemical performances of mesoporous carbons prepared by silica sol template method as electrode material for supercapacitor were investigated. The mean pore size and mass specific capacitance of the mesoporous carbons increase with the increase of mass ratio of silica sol to carbon source （glucose）. A modified template method, combining silica sol template method and ZnCl2 chemical activation method, was proposed to improve the mass specific capacitance of the mesoporous carbon with an improved BET surface area. The correlation of rate capability and pore structure was studied by constant current discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A commercially available microporous carbon was used for comparison. The result shows that mesoporous carbon with a larger pore size displays a higher rate capability. Mesoporous carbon synthesized by modified template method has both high mass specific capacitance and good rate capability.展开更多
Objectives:Near misses happen more frequently than actual errors,and highlight system vulnerabilities without causing any harm,thus provide a safe space for organizational learning.Second-order problem solving behavio...Objectives:Near misses happen more frequently than actual errors,and highlight system vulnerabilities without causing any harm,thus provide a safe space for organizational learning.Second-order problem solving behavior offers a new perspective to better understand how nurses promote learning from near misses to improve organizational outcomes.This study aimed to explore frontline nurses’perspectives on using second-order problem solving behavior in learning from near misses to improve patient safety.Methods:A qualitative exploratory study design was employed.This study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals in east China from June to November 2015.Purposive sampling was used to recruit 19 frontline nurses.Semi-structured interviews and a qualitative directed content analysis was undertaken using Crossan’s 4I Framework of Organizational Learning as a coding framework.Results:Second-order problem solving behavior,based on the 4I Framework of Organizational Learning,was referred to as being a leader in exposing near misses,pushing forward the cause analysis within limited capacity,balancing the active and passive role during improvement project,and promoting the continuous improvement with passion while feeling low-powered.Conclusions:4I Framework of Organizational Learning can be an underlying guide to enrich frontline nurses’role in promoting organizations to learn from near misses.In this study,nurses displayed their pivotal role in organizational learning from near misses by using second-order problem solving.However,additional knowledge,skills,and support are needed to maximize the application of second-order problem solving behavior when near misses are recognized.展开更多
LI Juan has been taking her son, Dong Ziyan, to ,his weekly piano class on the back of her bicycle since he was four years old,Seven years later, the boy has passed the Central Conservatory of Music Level-8 Piano Ex...LI Juan has been taking her son, Dong Ziyan, to ,his weekly piano class on the back of her bicycle since he was four years old,Seven years later, the boy has passed the Central Conservatory of Music Level-8 Piano Examination. He is now just one step away from the topmost level 9.展开更多
The newly-built local undergraduate colleges and universities positively respond to the call of national policy and successively joined the rank of transition to the application of technology-based development of univ...The newly-built local undergraduate colleges and universities positively respond to the call of national policy and successively joined the rank of transition to the application of technology-based development of university, in order to seek their own development path. Whether the transformation development work of secondary college can succeed or not directly decide whether the transformation work of the whole college can carry on smoothly or not. This essay, by establishing eighteen secondary indicators, investigates seven aspects of the newly-built local undergraduate colleges and universities secondary college transformation work, such as the general idea, specialty construction, talents training mode, teaching staff construction, integration of production with teaching, social services and quality assurance, hoping that it can play a reference to the work of other colleges and universities.展开更多
This study investigates word recognition processes and strategies of intermediate learners of Chinese as a Second Language （CSL） in contextual reading settings. Two intermediate CSL learners were chosen as research ...This study investigates word recognition processes and strategies of intermediate learners of Chinese as a Second Language （CSL） in contextual reading settings. Two intermediate CSL learners were chosen as research participants, and think-aloud methods and retrospective interviews were used to collect data. The data were analyzed by using Moustakas＇ data analysis procedure, CresweU＇s three steps and Bogdon and Biklen＇s data analysis methods. Results indicated that intermediate CSL learners go through different processes of word recognition as it might be automatic, based on context, pronunciation, previous knowledge and the meaning of characters, or, in case of word recognition failure, skipping the words or skipping them but reading them again later; and their word recognition strategies in contextual reading settings mainly include cognitive strategies and self-regulatory strategies. Among these strategies, cognitive strategies consist of direct transformation, translation, interpretation, guessing, inferring and finding key words; and self-regulatory strategies include metacognitive strategies, behavior regulating strategies, emotion regulating strategies and motivation regulating strategies. A model of intermediate CSL learners＇ word recognition strategies can be constructed based on the results. The present study provides both theoretical and pedagogical implications in the field of CSL vocabulary acquisition and teaching.展开更多
文摘This exploratory study examines whether genre has an impact on syntactic complexity and holistic rating in EFL writing. Over 300 sample texts produced by intermediate learners were collected from a test and some regular after-class assignments for English writing courses. Each participant completed two writing tasks, one argumentative and the other narrative. Results show that genre type has a significant impact on L2 syntactic complexity. Genre effect is found stronger with timed writing tasks. L2 holistic ratings show correlation with syntactic complexity on the different measure(s) depending on genre type and planning conditions. Regression analyses reveal that for timed writing tasks, clausal density(clauses per sentence) is a reliable predictor for holistic assessment on intermediate EFL learners’ writing quality. It is found to account for 6% of the score variance for timed writing and 10% for timed argumentative writing. Genre is evidenced to be related to EFL writing holistic ratings. Closer examination indicates that while syntactic complexity is predictive of holistic writing scores for argumentative writing, it does not correlate with holistic scores for narrative writing. Other linguistic features rather than syntactic complexity may be accountable. Overall, the study lends support to genre effect in the relationship between syntactic complexity and L2 writing quality holistic rating.
文摘Language is a part of culture and the carrier of the culture. Foreign language study is not only the process of learning a language but also the process of taking the language as a means of information transmission to comprehend culture. With the implementation of the New Curriculum Standard （2017） in senior English, the notions of cultural awareness and culture instruction are being accepted and carried out in EFL （English as Foreign Language） classroom by English teachers. This paper tries to analyze the relationship between language and culture, the contents and goals in teaching foreign language and culture, the significance of teaching culture in foreign language education. This paper concludes with recommendations for improving culture teaching： Learning a foreign language is inseparable from learning its culture; The knowledge of culture differences may help students to make less pragmatic errors and become proficient in cross-cultural communication; Great efforts should also be paid to the development of the student’s cross-cultural awareness, and then the quality of English teaching could be really improved.
文摘The pore structures and electrochemical performances of mesoporous carbons prepared by silica sol template method as electrode material for supercapacitor were investigated. The mean pore size and mass specific capacitance of the mesoporous carbons increase with the increase of mass ratio of silica sol to carbon source （glucose）. A modified template method, combining silica sol template method and ZnCl2 chemical activation method, was proposed to improve the mass specific capacitance of the mesoporous carbon with an improved BET surface area. The correlation of rate capability and pore structure was studied by constant current discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A commercially available microporous carbon was used for comparison. The result shows that mesoporous carbon with a larger pore size displays a higher rate capability. Mesoporous carbon synthesized by modified template method has both high mass specific capacitance and good rate capability.
文摘Objectives:Near misses happen more frequently than actual errors,and highlight system vulnerabilities without causing any harm,thus provide a safe space for organizational learning.Second-order problem solving behavior offers a new perspective to better understand how nurses promote learning from near misses to improve organizational outcomes.This study aimed to explore frontline nurses’perspectives on using second-order problem solving behavior in learning from near misses to improve patient safety.Methods:A qualitative exploratory study design was employed.This study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals in east China from June to November 2015.Purposive sampling was used to recruit 19 frontline nurses.Semi-structured interviews and a qualitative directed content analysis was undertaken using Crossan’s 4I Framework of Organizational Learning as a coding framework.Results:Second-order problem solving behavior,based on the 4I Framework of Organizational Learning,was referred to as being a leader in exposing near misses,pushing forward the cause analysis within limited capacity,balancing the active and passive role during improvement project,and promoting the continuous improvement with passion while feeling low-powered.Conclusions:4I Framework of Organizational Learning can be an underlying guide to enrich frontline nurses’role in promoting organizations to learn from near misses.In this study,nurses displayed their pivotal role in organizational learning from near misses by using second-order problem solving.However,additional knowledge,skills,and support are needed to maximize the application of second-order problem solving behavior when near misses are recognized.
文摘LI Juan has been taking her son, Dong Ziyan, to ,his weekly piano class on the back of her bicycle since he was four years old,Seven years later, the boy has passed the Central Conservatory of Music Level-8 Piano Examination. He is now just one step away from the topmost level 9.
文摘The newly-built local undergraduate colleges and universities positively respond to the call of national policy and successively joined the rank of transition to the application of technology-based development of university, in order to seek their own development path. Whether the transformation development work of secondary college can succeed or not directly decide whether the transformation work of the whole college can carry on smoothly or not. This essay, by establishing eighteen secondary indicators, investigates seven aspects of the newly-built local undergraduate colleges and universities secondary college transformation work, such as the general idea, specialty construction, talents training mode, teaching staff construction, integration of production with teaching, social services and quality assurance, hoping that it can play a reference to the work of other colleges and universities.
文摘This study investigates word recognition processes and strategies of intermediate learners of Chinese as a Second Language （CSL） in contextual reading settings. Two intermediate CSL learners were chosen as research participants, and think-aloud methods and retrospective interviews were used to collect data. The data were analyzed by using Moustakas＇ data analysis procedure, CresweU＇s three steps and Bogdon and Biklen＇s data analysis methods. Results indicated that intermediate CSL learners go through different processes of word recognition as it might be automatic, based on context, pronunciation, previous knowledge and the meaning of characters, or, in case of word recognition failure, skipping the words or skipping them but reading them again later; and their word recognition strategies in contextual reading settings mainly include cognitive strategies and self-regulatory strategies. Among these strategies, cognitive strategies consist of direct transformation, translation, interpretation, guessing, inferring and finding key words; and self-regulatory strategies include metacognitive strategies, behavior regulating strategies, emotion regulating strategies and motivation regulating strategies. A model of intermediate CSL learners＇ word recognition strategies can be constructed based on the results. The present study provides both theoretical and pedagogical implications in the field of CSL vocabulary acquisition and teaching.
