以脱酸、脱水、脱汞等净化处理后的天然气为原料,丙烷、乙烯和甲烷为制冷剂,采用级联式制冷工艺,利用HYSYS软件建立了天然气液化工艺流程模型。以单位能耗为流程优化的目标函数,各制冷循环的制冷剂压力、温度和循环量作为决策变量,并设...以脱酸、脱水、脱汞等净化处理后的天然气为原料,丙烷、乙烯和甲烷为制冷剂,采用级联式制冷工艺,利用HYSYS软件建立了天然气液化工艺流程模型。以单位能耗为流程优化的目标函数,各制冷循环的制冷剂压力、温度和循环量作为决策变量,并设定相关约束条件,对液化工艺能耗进行了优化。结果表明:在优化操作条件下,单位能耗为1 301 k J/m^3,压缩机总功耗为90.37 MW,二者分别低于优化前;随着天然气处理量的增加,压缩机功耗增加;当CH_4摩尔分数较高时,功耗相对较低;C_2H_6摩尔分数较高时,功耗相对也较高;N_2摩尔分数较高时,功耗变化不明显。展开更多
Most commercial and industrial facilities require very low temperatures for refrigeration and high temperatures for space heating and hot water purposes. Single stage heat pumps have not been able to meet these temper...Most commercial and industrial facilities require very low temperatures for refrigeration and high temperatures for space heating and hot water purposes. Single stage heat pumps have not been able to meet these temperature demands and have been characterized by low capacities and coefficient of performance(COP). Cascade heat pump has been developed to overcome the weaknesses of single stage heat pumps. This study reviews recent works done by researchers on cascade heat pumps for refrigeration, heating and hot water generation. Selection of suitable refrigerants to meet the pressure and temperature demands of each stage of the cascade heat pump has been discussed. Optimization of design parameters such as intermediate temperature(low stage condensing and high stage evaporating temperatures), and temperature difference in the cascade heat exchanger for optimum performance of the cascade heat pump has been reviewed. It was found that optimising each design parameter of the cascade heat pump is necessary for maximum system performance and this may improve the exergetic efficiency, especially of cascade refrigeration systems, by about 30.88%. Cascade heat pumps have wider range of application especially for artificial snow production, in the supermarkets,for natural gas liquefaction, in drying clothes and food and as heat recovery system. The performance of cascade heat pumps can be improved by 19% when coupled with other renewable energy sources for various real time applications. Also, there is the need for much research on refrigerant charge amount of cascade heat pumps, refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchangers to be used as cascade heat exchanger, cascade heat pumps for simultaneous cooling, heating and hot water generation and on the use of variable speed compressors and their control strategies in matching system capacity especially at part load conditions.展开更多
文摘以脱酸、脱水、脱汞等净化处理后的天然气为原料,丙烷、乙烯和甲烷为制冷剂,采用级联式制冷工艺,利用HYSYS软件建立了天然气液化工艺流程模型。以单位能耗为流程优化的目标函数,各制冷循环的制冷剂压力、温度和循环量作为决策变量,并设定相关约束条件,对液化工艺能耗进行了优化。结果表明:在优化操作条件下,单位能耗为1 301 k J/m^3,压缩机总功耗为90.37 MW,二者分别低于优化前;随着天然气处理量的增加,压缩机功耗增加;当CH_4摩尔分数较高时,功耗相对较低;C_2H_6摩尔分数较高时,功耗相对也较高;N_2摩尔分数较高时,功耗变化不明显。
基金supported by the New&Renewable Energy Core Technology Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(Grant No.20143030111000)
文摘Most commercial and industrial facilities require very low temperatures for refrigeration and high temperatures for space heating and hot water purposes. Single stage heat pumps have not been able to meet these temperature demands and have been characterized by low capacities and coefficient of performance(COP). Cascade heat pump has been developed to overcome the weaknesses of single stage heat pumps. This study reviews recent works done by researchers on cascade heat pumps for refrigeration, heating and hot water generation. Selection of suitable refrigerants to meet the pressure and temperature demands of each stage of the cascade heat pump has been discussed. Optimization of design parameters such as intermediate temperature(low stage condensing and high stage evaporating temperatures), and temperature difference in the cascade heat exchanger for optimum performance of the cascade heat pump has been reviewed. It was found that optimising each design parameter of the cascade heat pump is necessary for maximum system performance and this may improve the exergetic efficiency, especially of cascade refrigeration systems, by about 30.88%. Cascade heat pumps have wider range of application especially for artificial snow production, in the supermarkets,for natural gas liquefaction, in drying clothes and food and as heat recovery system. The performance of cascade heat pumps can be improved by 19% when coupled with other renewable energy sources for various real time applications. Also, there is the need for much research on refrigerant charge amount of cascade heat pumps, refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchangers to be used as cascade heat exchanger, cascade heat pumps for simultaneous cooling, heating and hot water generation and on the use of variable speed compressors and their control strategies in matching system capacity especially at part load conditions.
