基于空间纬度区域优化的红外近地轨道星座设计

提出了描述红外低轨星座对空间观测性能的指标,依据纬度威胁分布特性,提出了纬度区域优化的加权星座观测性能评估方法。考虑空间多重覆盖性能、成本、无源定位精度及碰撞等因素,建立了优化目标函数,基于通用差异演化算法(GDE3)得到了一组Pareto解,在此基础上,利用一种适于多属性星座方案的折中选择策略,得到了对重点关注纬度区域有良好观测性能的红外低轨星座方案。最后,通过仿真验证了算法有效性,分析和对比了星座的空间观测性能,证明设计方法和星座方案的合理性,具有重大的现实意义和社会价值。

日面高纬度区域黑子

用云南天文台太阳黑子观测资料，对太阳活动１９、２０、２１、２２周及２３周上升段日面高纬度区域（大于±４０°）的黑子群进行统计。结果表明，高纬度黑子具有数量少，结构较简单，在日面存在时间不长等特点。

西北太平洋低纬度区域海水中溶解氨基酸的分布及组成研究

本文对2018年秋季西北太平洋低纬度区域上层海洋(5~200 m)中溶解氨基酸(THAA)的分布和组成进行了研究。结果表明,该海域表层海水中THAA的浓度范围为0.40~0.97μmol/L,平均浓度为0.58±0.14μmol/L;5~200m垂直断面上THAA的平均浓度为0.59±0.16μmol/L,范围为0.30~1.05μmol/L。调查海域内THAA浓度明显低于中国近海,在5~200m内的垂直分布基本表现出随深度增加而增加的趋势。将表层和垂直水体中的THAA分别与DOC、Chla等环境因子进行相关性分析,结果显示均无显著相关性。西北太平洋低纬度区域海水中的优势氨基酸是天冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(Glu)、丝氨酸(Ser)、甘氨酸(Gly)、苏氨酸(Thr)和丙氨酸(Ala)。基于氨基酸的碳归一化产率(THAA-C%)、降解因子(DI)值,表明该海域表层海水中的有机质降解程度较高,且随深度的增加而降低。

高纬度区域GNSS多系统电离层建模及其精度评估

电离层延迟是影响卫星导航和定位精度的主要误差源之一,精确建立电离层模型对高精度导航定位具有重要意义.针对高纬度区域多全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)电离层建模的研究,首先给出了GNSS多系统的电离层建模方法,然后利用高纬度区域均匀分布的11个MGEX(Multi-GNSS Experiment)测站观测数据进行电离层建模,对比分析了电离层多项式模型和球谐函数模型下GPS单系统和GNSS多系统的电离层建模精度.结果表明:两种电离层模型解算的各系统卫星差分码偏差(DCB)估值差异较小,且绝大部分卫星DCB估值偏差都小于0.5 ns,精度较高;两种电离层模型在GNSS多系统下的系数估计精度高于GPS单系统,且电离层垂直总电子含量(VTEC)残差总体小于GPS单系统;电离层球谐函数模型GPS单系统建模精度为3.09 TECU,GNSS多系统为1.80 TECU,提高率为41.7%.

Extended-range prediction of a heat wave event over the Yangtze River Valley:role of intraseasonal signals

The authors previous study reported the important role of extratropical intraseasonal oscillation(ISO)on the occurrence of a typical heatwave event over the Yangtze River Valley.Based on the ECMWF subseasonal reforecast database,this follow-up study evaluates the extended-range prediction skill of the heatwave event and further unravels the close link between the ISO and extended-range prediction of the event.With a two-week lead time,this heatwave event fails to occur in the reforecast because the predicted surface temperature is signi cantly underesti-mated.More detailed analysis demonstrates that the biases for both the intensity and the location of the warming region are primarily attributable to the inaccurate extratropical intrasea-sonal traveling signals.This work strongly indicates that accurately capturing the extratropical intraseasonal signal from the Eurasian continent is indispensable for extended-range prediction of East Asian extreme heatwave events.

Characteristics and Changes of Cold Surge Events over China during 1960-2007

This paper demonstrates regional characteristics, a long-term decreasing trend, and decadal variations in the frequency of cold surge events based on daily mean temperature and daily minimum temperature data in China's Mainland from 1960 to 2008. During these 48 years four high frequency centers of cold surge events were located in Xinjiang, central North China, northeast China, and southeast China. A main frequency peak of cold surge events occurs in autumn for the four regions and another peak is detected in spring over northeast China and southeast China. The regional pattern of cold surge frequencies is in accordance with the perturbation kinetic energy distribution in October December, January, and February April. The long-term decreasing trend ( 0.2 times/decade) of cold surge frequencies in northeast China and decadal variations in China are related to the variations of the temperature difference between southern and northern China in the winter monsoon season; these variations are due to the significant rising of winter temperatures in high latitudes.

Three-dimensional transformation of magnetization direction and magnetic field component at low latitudes based on vertical relationship

The transformation of the magnetization direction and the magnetic fi eld component is one of the important methods in magnetic data processing and transformation,which can be conducted in both wavenumber and spatial domains.The transformation method in the wavenumber domain has simpler processing expression and higher processing effi ciency than in the spatial domain;however,they are unstable at low latitude.In this paper,the conclusion that the sum is 0 of two vertical magnetic fi eld components(magnetization inclinations are also perpendicular)in 2D is used for the 3D transformation of the magnetization direction and the magnetic field component.In addition,the transformation method at low latitudes based on vertical relationship(VMT)is proposed,which is an iterative algorithm that converts the transformation of the magnetization direction and the magnetic field component at the low latitude into the high latitude.This method restrains the instability of transformation of constant and variable magnetization direction and magnetic fi eld components in low latitudes.The accuracy,stability,and practicality are verifi ed from synthetic models and real data.

A method for correcting regional bias in SMOS global salinity products

Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity （SMOS） Level 3 （L3） sea surface salinity （SSS） products are provided by the Barcelona Expert Centre （BEC）. Strong biases were observed on the SMOS SSS products, thus the data from the Centre Aval de Traitement des Donnees SMOS （CATDS） were adjusted for biases using a large-scale correction derived from observed differences between the SMOS SSS and World Ocean Atlas （WOA） climatology data. However, this large-scale correction method is not suitable for correcting the large gradient of salinity biases. Here, we present a method for the correction of SSS regional bias of the monthly L3 products. Based on the stable characteristics of the large SSS biases from month to month in some regions, corrected SMOS SSS maps can be obtained from the monthly mean values after removing the regional biases. The accuracy of the SMOS SSS measurements is greatly improved, especially near the coastline, at high latitudes, and in some open ocean regions. The SMOS and ISAS SSS data are also compared with Aquarius SSS to verify the corrected SMOS SSS data. The correction method presented here only corrects annual mean biases. The measurement accuracy of the SSS may be improved by considering the influence of atmospheric and ocean circulation in different seasons and years.