拉祜族随身纳物器具造物思想解析

目的探究拉祜族随身纳物器具的造物特征及造物思想,从物质到思想的角度结合造物设计的相关知识点,为相关文化创意产品设计及保留少数民族文化独特性提供参考。方法以云南省临沧市南美拉祜族自治乡田野调查为基础,结合相关造物设计理论文献研究,提出造物思想的研究框架,通过造物思想研究框架,分析拉祜族相关纳物器具的材料工艺、造型功能、装饰纹样、使用方式等造物特征,及其成因、变化、发展,并从自然环境、社会环境、精神观念3个方面,对拉祜族造物思想进行解析,同时探析了物对造物思想和民族文化的影响。结论造物思想、民族文化、民族产品之间在以造物主体为中介的作用下,相互影响和作用,基于此分析得出拉祜族以顺应自然、崇实从简、归顺集体、记录生活为主的造物思想。

《孔子诗论》“邦风纳物”说与先秦诗学

上博简《孔子诗论》第八章云"邦风纳物也博,观人俗焉,大敛材焉。其言文,其声善。"诸家考释多有未确。此简之"物"是礼、德、政的表征形式,"邦风纳物"说,则是在继承春秋时期"以物观礼、以物观德、以物观政"思想的基础上,结合邦风作品的实际提出的一个重要的诗学命题。揭示这一命题的思想根源,可以帮助我们更好地理解先秦诗学相关命题。

Preparation and electromagnetic shielding properties of PET/rGO/SWCNT composite fabric

Graphene oxide(GO)with excellent dispersion ability can assist the dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT)and promote the formation of uniform and stable GO/SWCNT coating liquid.The highly conductive polyethylene terephthalate/reduced graphene oxide/SWCNT(PET/rGO/SWCNT)electromagnetic shielding composite fabric was successfully prepared by anchoring rGO/SWCNT on PET fabric via dip-coating piror to low-temperature thermal reduction.The results showed that the carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups formed of hydrophilic-treated PET were conducive to the formation of hydrogen bonds with that of GO,which enhanced the interaction between PET fabric and GO/SWCNT coating;the loading of GO/SWCNT increased with the number of dip-coating,the unit area loading of rGO/SWCNT in the final composite fabric was 2.7 mg/cm^(2) after 10 dip-coating cycles and thermal reduction;the PET/rGO/SWCNT composite fabric had a continuous and dense conductive network,with a conductivity of up to 41.6 S/m and the average electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness in X-band was 22 dB;the flexible PET/rGO/SWCNT composite fabric was not only easy to process,but also exhibited excellent conductivity and shielding efficiency,showing great potential in the application of electromagnetic shielding fabrics.

三叶形粘胶纤维对过滤纸性能的影响

对两种纤度相同的三叶形粘胶纤维和普通粘胶纤维的形态和滤水性能进行了分析,并进一步就两种粘胶纤维的用量对过滤纸物理性能和过滤性能的影响进行研究。结果表明,粘胶纤维含量低于50%时,两种纤维对过滤纸平均孔径、透气度和耐破度的影响差别不大,但含三叶形粘胶纤维的纸张厚度比含普通粘胶纤维的要大。随着三叶形粘胶纤维含量的增加,滤纸的过滤阻力降低、纳污容量增大,但过滤精度有所下降;当粘胶纤维加入量为30%时,对于含三叶形粘胶纤维和含普通粘胶纤维的两种滤纸,二者的过滤精度无显著差异,前者的纳污容量是后者的1.28倍。

上博藏楚竹书《诗论》第三简释读

上博藏楚竹书《诗论》第三简"内勿"释读为"纳物",从《左传》有关材料来看,应是春秋以来的成语,其内涵渊源有自。结合儒家的诗教传统,《诗论》谓《邦风》"纳物",就是说其风物可以"纳民于物(轨)"而可施教化,也就是说可以"设教",因而则可"溥观(示)人欲"。"敛材"应是"取材以章物采"之意。

Mechanism for thermite reactions of aluminum/iron-oxide nanocomposites based on residue analysis

Sol-gel method was employed to combine Al and iron-oxide to form nanocomposites （nano-Al/xero-Fe2O3 and micro-Al/xero-Fe2O3）. SEM, EDS and XRD analyses were used to characterize the nanocomposites and the results indicated that nano-Al and micro-Al were compactly wrapped by amorphous iron-oxide nanoparticles （about 20 nm）, respectively. The iron-oxide showed the mass ratio of Fe to O as similar as that in Fe2O3. Thermal analyses were performed on two nanocomposites, and four simple mixtures （nano-Al＋xero-Fe2O3, nano-Al＋micro-Fe2O3, micro-Al＋xero-Fe2O3, and micro-Al＋micro-Fe2O3） were also analyzed. There were not apparent distinctions in the reactions of thermites fueled by nano-Al. For thermites fueled by micro-Al, the DSC peak temperatures of micro-Al/Xero-Fe2O3 were advanced by 68.1 ℃ and 76.8 ℃ compared with micro-Al＋xero-Fe2O3 and micro-Al＋micro-Fe2O3, respectively. Four thermites, namely, nano-Al/xero-Fe2O3, nano-Al＋micro-Fe2O3, micro-Al/xero-Fe2O3, and micro-Al＋micro-Fe2O3, were heated from ambient temperature to 1020 ℃, during which the products at 660 ℃ and 1020 ℃ were collected and analyzed by XRD. Crystals of Fe, FeAl2O4, Fe3O4,α-Fe2O3, Al,γ-Fe2O3, Al2.667O4, FeO andα-Al2O3 were indexed in XRD patterns. For each thermite, according to the specific products, the possible equations were given. Based on the principle of the minimum free energy, the most reasonable equations were inferred from the possible reactions.

Preparation and electrostriction of BaTiO_3/polyurethane nanocomposite elastomers

BaTiO3/polyurethane （BaTiO3/PU） nanocomposite elastomers were prepared from barium titanate nanoparticles, polyester polyol, 2, 4-toluene diisocyanate, 1,4-butanediol and 1, 1, 1-trimethanol propane by the one-step method. The density, hardness and dielectric constant of BaTiO3/PU nanocomposite elastomers increased with the increase of the content of BaTiO3 nanoparticles in nanocomposites. The electrostrictive properties of BaTiO3/PU nanocomposite elastomers were investigated by the digital speckle correlation method （DSCM）. It was found that through the on-and-off of the electric field, the electrostrictive strains of BaTiO3/PU nanocomposite elastomers revealed corresponding shrinkage and recovery. The electrostrictive coefficient of BaTiO3/PU nanocomposite elastomers was greater than that of the corresponding polyurethane elastomers, and the electrostrictive coefficient of composites decreased with the increase of the content of barium titanate nanoparticles.

Oxidation and hot corrosion of electrodeposited Ni-7Cr-4Al nanocomposite

A Ni-7Cr-4Al（mass fraction, %） nanocomposite was fabricated by co-electrodeposition of Ni with Cr（40 nm） and Al（100 nm） nanoparticles from a nickel sulfate bath, and its oxidation at 800 °C in air and hot corrosion under molten 75% Na2SO4 ＋ 25% Na Cl salts（mass fraction） at 750 °C were investigated. For comparison, Ni-11 Cr nanocomposite and Ni-film were also investigated in order to elucidate the effect of Cr nanoparticles. The results indicate that Cr and Al nanoparticles are dispersed in the electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni grains（in size range of 20-60 nm）. Ni-7Cr-4Al nanocomposite exhibits a dramatically increased oxidation resistance compared with Ni-11 Cr nanocomposite and Ni-film due to the fast formation of alumina scale, which also improves its hot corrosion resistance under molten 75% Na2SO4 ＋ 25% Na Cl salts.

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Saccharides at MoOx/AuNPs Modified Electrode Towards Analytical Application

The MoOx/AuNPs composite film modified glassy carbon electrode was fabricated by electro-depositing simultaneously gold nanoparticles and molybdenum oxides using cyclic voltammetry. The morphology and topography of the MoOx/AuNPs composite were char-acterized by scan electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy respectively, and the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose at the MoOx/AuNPs composite film was inves-tigated and analyzed in detail. It was shown that the MoOx/AuNPs composite was of strong electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of glucose as well as other saccharides, so that an attempt was made for direct voltammetric determination of glucose. Then the positive scan polarization reverse catalytic voltammetry was proposed for the first time. Based on this method, the pure oxidation current was extracted by subtraction of the blank current in the reverse scan. The current sensitivity was enhanced tremendously and the signal to noise ra-tio was improved adequately. The electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose at the MoOx/AuNPs modified electrode was performed in alkaline medium, a wide linear range from 0.01 mmol/L to 4.0 mmol/L of glucose, a higher current sensitivity of 2.35 mA/（mmol/L·cm2）, and a lower limit of detection of 9.01 μmol/L （at signal/noise=3） were achieved. In addition, the electrocatalytic oxidation of other saccharides such as lactose, fructose and sucrose was also evaluated.

Preparation of Cetyl-Chitosan Nanoparticles as Carriers for Paracetamol

Cetyl-chitosan, prepared by reacting chitosan with chlorocetane under alkaline condition, is soluble and spontaneously forms nanoparticles about 100 nm in diameter. Infrared spectra (IR) revealed that there was a substitution reaction mainly on the amine groups of chitosan (CS). By using paracetamol (PCTM) as a model drug, the balanced release concentration of PCTM in phosphate buffer solution (pH=7.4) can be decreased with the increase of degree of substitution alkyl and can be reduced effectively even under a lower PCTM loading.

Recent advances in immobilized enzymes on nanocarriers

Recent progress in nanotechnology has provided high-performance nanomaterials for enzyme immobilization.Nanobiocatalysts combining enzymes and nanocarriers are drawing increasing attention because of their high catalytic performance,enhanced stabilities,improved enzyme-substrate affinities,and reusabilities.Many studies have been performed to investigate the efficient use of cellulose nanocrystals,polydopamine-based nanomaterials,and synthetic polymer nanogels for enzyme immobilization.Various nanobiocatalysts are highlighted in this review,with the emphasis on the design,preparation,properties,and potential applications of nanoscale enzyme carriers and nanobiocatalysts.

Structure and Magnetism of Co-implanted TiO2

Crystalline Co nanocomposites in the rutile TiO2 were synthesized by 180 keV Co ion beam implantation at temperature of 623 K with the fluence of 4×10^16 cm^-2. The structural and magnetic properties of samples with different thermal treatment were characterized by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction （SR-XRD）, high resolution transmission electron mi- croscopy （HRTEM）, Rutherford backscattering/channeling and the superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. The SR-XRD results reveal the formation of hcp and fce phases of Co clusters, and the SR-XRD and HRTEM show that Co nanocrystals （NCs） have been formed in TiO2 after ion implantation. With increasing of annealing temperature, the transition of hcp to fcc Co is observed, and the Co NCs sizes were increased with increasing post-annealing temperature. At annealing temperature 1073 K, the lattice damaged is significantly removed compared with the virgin sample. The Co NCs forming inside TiO2 are the major contribution of the measured ferromagnetism.

Urchin-like CoCu Bimetallic Nanocomposites for Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to Propanediols

Bimetallic CoCu nanocomposites were synthesized in polyol by using Ru as heterogeneous nucleation agent and stearic acid as surfactant, and their catalytic properties were investi- gated by hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propanediols. It was found that the surfactant could induce Co nanocrystals to form nanowires as structure-directing agent, while it＇s ineffective for Cu because only spherical Cu particles were produced under the same condition. When Co2＋ and Cu2＋ coexist in polyol, Cu2＋ is firstly reduced and forms the spherical particles, and then the Cu particles afford surface for the subsequential reduction of Co2＋ and growth of Co nanocrystals to form the nanorods, obtaining the urchin-like CoCu nanocomposites. The catalytic performance in selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propanediols proposed that the CoCu urchin-like nanocomposites was superior to the Co nanowires possibly due to that the synergistic effect between Co and Cu component promoted conversion of glyc- erol and obtained the higher propanediol yields based on the specific surface areas of the catalysts.

Release Model of Water-soluble Chitosan Nanoparticles for Protein Delivery

[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore release rule of water-soluble chitosan (WSC) in vitro. [Method]The bovine serum albumin(BSA) was taken as a model protein drug and some existing release models such as Kinetics model, Gompertz model, Weibull model, Higuchi model and Logistic model were used to fit the BSA release profile from WSC carriers. [Result] Except Higuchi model and Logistic model, other models could fit BSA release profile better. [Conclusion] Gompertz two-order kinetics model could fit the release of WSC nano-particles better and model parameters had practical physical meaning.

Catalytic performance of cobalt oxide-supported gold-palladium nanocatalysts for the removal of toluene and o-xylene

Using the molten salt and polyvinyl alcohol-protected reduction method,we fabricated Co3O4 octahedron-supported Au-Pd（x（AuPdy）/Co3O4;x =（0.18,0.47,and 0.96） wt%;y（Pd/Au molar ratio） =1.85-1.97） nanocatalysts.The molten salt-derived Co3O4 sample possessed well-defined octahedral morphology,with an edge length of 300 nm.The Au-Pd nanoparticles,with sizes of 2.7-3.2 nm,were uniformly dispersed on the surface of Co3O4.The 0.96（AuPd1.92）/Co3O4 sample showed the highest catalytic activity for toluene and o-xylene oxidation,and the temperature required for achieving 90%conversion of toluene and o-xylene was 180 and 187 ℃,respectively,at a space velocity of 40000 mL/（g·h）.The high catalytic performance of Co3O4 octahedron-supported Au-Pd nanocatalysts was associated with the interaction between Au-Pd nanoparticles and Co3O4 and high concentration of adsorbed oxygen species.

Pharmacokinetics and Absolute Bioavailability of the Sublingual Naloxone Hydrochloride Tablet in Dogs

The pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet were studied with HPLC-electrochemical detection. Eight male dogs received single 5 mg dose of naloxone intravenously, the plasma concentration-time curves could be fitted to two-compartment open model, with 12.0 min of t1/2( , 143.4 min of t1/2( and 7.92 mg(min/L of AUC. The same eight dogs received 5 mg dose of the sublingual naloxone tablet after an interval of a week. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were: t1/2ka = 11.0 min, t1/2( = 15.4 min, t1/2( = 164.1 min, Tmax = 27.7 min, Cmax = 34.2 ng / ml, and AUC = 6.79 mg(min / L, respectively. The plasma concentration-time curves were fitted to the first order absorption two-compartment open model also. The mean absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet was 86.8 ( 10.9%. No statistically significant differences were found with t1/2(, t1/2(, ( and ( between the two routes of administration. These results indicated that the course of disposition for naloxone in dogs was similar for the two routes of administration, and the absolute bioavailability of the sublingual naloxone tablet was high. Thus satisfactory clinical effects could be expected.

Pollination Biology of Ficus hispida in the Tropical Rainforests of Xishuangbanna, China

Ficus hispida L. (Moraceae) is a remarkable species in the ecosystem of tropical rainforests in Xishuangbanna, China. The figs and fig_pollination wasps (Chalcidoidae: Agaonidae) are highly co_evolved mutualists that depend completely on each other for propagating descendants. Pollination of all fig species is done by fig wasps; their unique symbiotic associates, the fig wasps, cannot develop in anywhere except in the fig syconia. The present paper reports on the biology and flowering phenology of F. hispida , as well as the propagation character and pollination behavior of the fig wasps (Ceratosolen solmsi marchali Mayr) based on our observations in the rainforests of Xishuangbanna, southern Yunnan of China. F. hispida is a dioecious tree that annually blossoms and bears fruits 6-8 times, with four to five fruit_bearing peaks. The male trees produce pollen and provide fig wasps with reproductive havens, while the female trees produce fig seeds after pollination by the female wasps. Pollen of F. hispida cannot escape from the dehiscent anthers until they are disturbed by fig wasps. The female wasps open the anthers and collect pollen with their antennal scrapes, mandibles and legs, and then carry pollen to the female receptive syconia where fertilization takes place. Meanwhile, some of the female wasps lay eggs in the male receptive syconia. It takes about 3-67 min to search for the receptive syconia for pollination, and 15-23 h to enter the female receptive syconia. The number of female wasps entering a syconium has close relation with the impregnation and seed_bearing rate of female flowers, as well as the oviposition and reproduction rate of the fig wasps themselves. F. hispida is endowed with a relatively high level of seed bearing (54.1%-82.5%, average 73.8 %). The wasp oviposition rate on the male flowers is between 72.3% and 93.8% with a mean of 84.4%.

Microstructure characterization and hydrogen desorption behaviors of Mg-Al-H powders prepared by reactive milling in hydrogen

Microstructure and phase evolutions of Mg-A1 powders ball milled in hydrogen atmosphere were investigated. Both in Mg-3%A1 （mass fraction） and Mg-9%AI systems, fl-MgH2 phase was observed upon a short milling time of 4 h and its maximum content of-80% was reached after 32 h. Neither as-milled powders of the in the two systems contain Mgl7All2. However, heating the milled powders of Mg-9%AI powders to 350 ~C resulted in the precipitation of Mg17A112. DTA/TG analyses of those powders milled for 8-40 h showed that either well-developed peak doublets or shoulders were observed, which plausibly corresponded to the separate hydrogen desorption from different particle fractions offl-MgH2.

Cathode made of compacted silver nanoparticles for electrocatalytic carboxylation of 1-phenethyl bromide with CO_2

Silver nanoparticles prepared by the direct reduction of AgNO3 in aqueous solution were compacted into coins and used as the cathode for the electrocatalytic carboxylation of 1-phenethyl bromide with CO2. The influences of the working electrode, charge, current density and temperature were investigated. Under optimized conditions, 98% yield of 2-phenylpropionic acid was obtained. The reaction was performed under very mild conditions and no added catalyst was required in the electrolyte. Yields that varied from moderate to excellent were also achieved with other benzyl bromides. This electrode has good stability and reusability, and the yield and selectivity of 2-phenylpropionic acid could be maintained during reuse for 10 times.

Alginate-Coated Fe3O4 Hollow Microspheres for Drug Delivery

Novel hollow Fe3O4 nanoparticles for drug delivery were synthesized via a one-step template- free approach. These nanoparticles were obtained by modifing the Fe3O4 nanoparticles with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane, and then grafting alginate onto the surface of amine magnetic. The hollow structure of Fe3O4 spheres was characterized by TEM, XRD, and XPS. The M-H hysteresis loop indicated that the magnetic spheres exhibit snperparamagnetic characteristics at room temperature. Daunorubicin acting as a model drug was loaded into the carrier, and the maximum percent of envelop and load were 28.4% and 14.2% respectively. The drug controlled releasing behaviors of the carriers were compared in different pH media.