二氧化硅纳米粒子尺寸对其复合增强聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶性能影响研究

本论文制备了一系列聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)复合不同粒径的单分散二氧化硅纳米粒子(MSNP)的水凝胶材料(MSNP-PAM)。详细研究了MSNP纳米粒子尺寸对MSNP-PAM力学性能的影响。结果表明通过与MSNP的有效结合纳米复合水凝胶的抗压强度得到增强,但纳米复合水凝胶的抗压强度与复合的MSNP尺寸之间呈反比关系。这可能是较小尺寸纳米颗粒具有较大的比表面积和较高的活性从而较小尺寸的MSNP具有较高的抗压强度增强效果。

不同尺寸三氧化二铁(Fe_2O_3)纳米粒子的细胞毒性及氧化作用的实验研究(英文)

目的从细胞半数抑制浓度IC50和氧化作用的角度探讨不同粒径大小纳米Fe2O3粒子细胞毒性的差异。方法将8、13和37nm3个不同尺寸的纳米Fe2O3粒子以不同剂量、作用时间作用于CHL细胞。用活细胞计数法求得各尺寸粒子的IC50,并绘制细胞生长抑制曲线。硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量,黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果3种尺寸的纳米粒子在一定浓度范围内,剂量与细胞抑制率呈现“剂量-反应”关系,超过这一范围后,量效关系消失;在量效相关的浓度范围内,三个尺寸纳米粒子的IC50分别为:IC50(8nm)=279.8585μg/mL,IC50(13nm)=254.739μg/mL,IC50(37nm)=561.237μg/mL;纳米Fe2O3粒子可引起CHL细胞的氧化应激反应。且与作用时间有关。但MDA、SOD值变化与纳米粒子尺寸、作用剂量之间无明显的量效关系。结论不同粒径的纳米Fe2O3粒子在细胞毒性上表现出一定的差异。同时,纳米Fe2O3粒子可引起CHL细胞的氧化应激反应。从时效性分析推论其细胞毒性与氧化性存在一定的关联。

六角相NaYF_4纳米粒子的合成及粒子尺寸对Tb^(3+),Er^(3+)下转换效率的影响

采用热溶剂法制备了NaYF4∶Tb3+,Er3+六角相纳米粒子,分析了合成条件对六角相粒子形成的影响。较高的反应温度有利于六角相NaYF4晶体的形成。实验结果表明:六角相是热力学更稳定和更有序的结构,从立方相到六角相的转变是从无序到有序结构的转变。随着尺寸的减小,纳米粒子的下转换效率明显降低。为进一步比较,制备了NaYF4∶Tb3+,Er3+核壳结构的纳米粒子。包覆后的纳米粒子的下转换效率明显提高,其原因是包覆减少了表面缺陷进而降低了表面激发能量的猝灭。

一种纳米粒子大尺寸聚集体FDTD模拟和评价方法

为了计算纳米粒子大尺寸聚集体的表面局域电磁场分布并快速对其增强效果进行评价,利用软件中脚本语言编写局部亚网格程序来实现对纳米粒子大尺寸聚集体模型的非均匀网格离散,并结合时域有限差分(FDTD)方法实现三种尺寸聚集体模型的电磁场仿真;使用K均值聚类算法对计算出的电场数据进行聚类分析,最终得到能够反映金纳米粒子大尺寸聚集体所有“热点”位置处电磁增强效果的平均增强因子。结果表明,使用亚网格离散的金纳米球二聚体仿真模型后的内存占用减少了81%且仿真速度提高1倍,有效提升FDTD的仿真效率;另外,通过K均值聚类算法并根据三种尺寸的金纳米粒子聚集体电磁数据,可以得到与传统积分法计算的平均增强因子(AEF 1)增减规律相同的增强因子AEF 2。

Synthesis of Nanometer Cobalt Blue Pigment by Microemulsion Method and Control of Diameter of Particle

The nanometer cobalt blue pigments were prepared by microemulsion method. Using dynamic light scattering(DLS) test method, the influences of water content on the size of liquid drop of microemulsion and the liquid drop of microemulsion on the final diameter of nanometer particle were studied in the course of preparation. Accordingly, the method to control the diameter of nanometer particle by changing water content was established. The nanometer cobalt blue particles were confirmed by XRD and TEM. Color parameters of pigments were determined. The quantum size effect of the pigments was discussed.

Size-controlled Pd Nanoparticles Supported on α-Al_2O_3 as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Acetylene

Size-controlled Pd nanoparticles （PdNPs） were synthesized in aqueous solution, using sodium car-boxymethyl cellulose as the stabilizer. Size-controlled PdNPs were supported onα-Al2O3 by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The PdNPs onα-Al2O3 support were in a narrow particle size distribution in the range of 1-6 nm. A series of PdNPs/α-Al2O3 catalysts were used for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene in ethylene-rich stream. The results show that PdNPs/α-Al2O3 catalyst with 0.03%（by mass） Pd loading is a very effective and sta-ble catalyst. With promoter Ag added, ethylene selectivity is increased from 41.0%to 63.8%at 100 ＆#176;C. Comparing with conventional Pd-Ag/α-Al2O3 catalyst, PdNPs-Ag/α-Al2O3 catalyst has better catalytic performance in acety-lene hydrogenation and shows good prospects for industrial application.

Using density functional calculations to elucidate atomic ordering of Pd-Rh nanoparticles at sizes relevant for catalytic applications

Pd-Rh nanoparticles are known to easily undergo surface restructuring in reactive environment. This study quantifies, with the help of density functional(DFT) calculations and a novel topological approach, atomic ordering and surface segregation effects in Pd-Rh particles with compositions 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1 containing up to 201 atoms(ca. 1.7 nm). The obtained data are used to reliably optimise energetically preferred atomic orderings in inaccessible by DFT Pd-Rh particles containing thousands of atoms and exhibiting sizes exceeding 5 nm, which are typical for catalytic metal particles. It is outlined, how segregation effects on the surface arrangement of Pd-Rh nanoalloy catalysts induced by adsorbates can be evaluated in a simple way within the present modelling setup.

Synthesis of Platin/Carbon XC72R Nanocomposite Using as Electrocatalyst for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Platinum/Carbon XC72R （Pt/C） nanocomposite was synthesized in-situ by polyol method. Precursor of hexahydrated chloroplatinic acid H2PtCI6-6H2O was reduced by EG （ethylene glycol） so as to form Pt nanoparticles which were deposited on the surface of carbon. Pt/C composites （treated or untreated carbon） were synthesized at pH - 6.5 and pH = 11. The XRD pattern of Pt/C showed peaks assigned to the crystalline structure of Pt and carbon. TEM images showed that Pt nanoparticles on carbon were ultrafine spheres and the particles obtained sizes from 2 to 6 nm which are mostly concentrated on size of 3 nm. The electrocatalytic activity of Pt/C catalysts toward methanol oxidation was examined by CV （cyclic voltammetry）. Pt/treated XC72R （pH = 11） at potential （0.69 V） exhibited better electroactivity （628 mA/mg Pt）.

Dependence of Optical Absorption in Silicon Nanostructures on Size of Silicon Nanoparticles

The amorphous silicon nanoparticles （Si NPs） embedded in silicon nitride （SiNx） films prepared by helicon wave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition （HWP-CVD） technique are studied. From Raman scattering investigation, we determine that the deposited film has the structure of silicon nanocrystals embedded in silicon nitride （nc-Si/SiNx） thin film at a certain hydrogen dilution amount. The analysis of optical absorption spectra implies that the Si NPs is affected by quantum size effects and has the nature of an indirect-band-gap semiconductor. Further, considering the effects of the mean Si NP size and their dispersion on oscillator strength, and quantum-confinement, we obtain an analytical expression for the spectral absorbance of ensemble samples. Gaussian as well as lognormal size-distributions of the Si NPs are considered for optical absorption coefficient calculations. The influence of the particle size-distribution on the optical absorption spectra was systematically studied. We present the fitting of the optical absorption experimental data with our model and discuss the results.

Cobalt catalysts supported on silica nanotubes for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Silica nanotubes(SNT) have been synthesized using carbon nanotubes(CNT) as a template.Silica-coated carbon nanotubes(SNT-CNT) and SNT were loaded with a cobalt catalyst for use in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS).The catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and characterized by N2 physisorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),hydrogen temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).FTS performance was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor at 493 K and 1.0 MPa.Co/CNT and Co/SNT catalysts showed higher activity than Co/SNT-CNT in FTS because of the smaller cobalt particle size,higher dispersion and stronger reducibility.The results also showed that structure of the support affects the product selectivity in FTS.The synergistic effects of cobalt particle size,catalytic activity and diffusion limitations as a consequence of its small average pore size lead to medium selectivity to C5+ hydrocarbons and CH4 over Co/SNT-CNT.On the other hand,the Co/CNT showed higher CH4 selectivity and lower C5+ selectivity than Co/SNT,due to its smaller average pore size and cobalt particle size.

Synthesis and luminescence properties of the europium quaternary complexes nanoparticles

In this paper,the nanometer-sized(200 nm)quaternary rare-earth complex Eu(BA)(TTA)2phen was successfully prepared by using the method of optimizing chemical precipitation.The characterizations of these nanoparticles were performed by using elemental analysis,thermogravimetric analysis,infrared spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy and luminescence quantum-yield.The results indicate that they are better than common ternary complexes at light-emitting performance,luminescence properties,thermal stability,uniformity and particle size;they can also be further mixed with a suitable polymer to form functional rare earth polymers.Compared to the common solid materials,the quaternary complex has better and unique characteristics such as nanoparticle size effect and surface effect.A foundation had been laid for the further expansion of its application in the field of light-emitting and magnetic materials.

Can Nano-Particle Melt below the Melting Temperature of Its Free Surface Partner?

The phonon thermal contribution to the melting temperature of nano-particles is inspected. The discrete summation of phonon states and its corresponding integration form as an approximation for a nano-particle or for a bulk system have been analyzed. The discrete phonon energy levels of pure size effect and the wave-vector shifts of boundary conditions are investigated in detail. Unlike in macroscopic thermodynamics, the integration volume of zero-mode of phonon for a nano-particle is not zero, and it plays an important role in pure size effect and boundary condition effect. We find that a nano-particle will have a rising melting temperature due to purely finite size effect; a lower melting temperature bound exists for a nano-particle in various environments, and the melting temperature of a nano-particle with free boundary condition reaches this lower bound. We suggest an easy procedure to estimation the melting temperature, in which the zero-mode contribution will be excluded, and only several bulk quantities will be used as input. We would like to emphasize that the quantum effect of discrete energy levels in nano-particles, which is not present in early thermodynamic studies on finite size corrections to melting temperature in small systems, should be included in future researches.