石墨烯负载小尺寸氧化锌纳米颗粒及其光催化性能研究

利用共沉淀法实现石墨烯纳米片均匀负载粒径为5nm的氧化锌颗粒，并研究了石墨烯／氧化锌纳米衍生体的光催化性能，结果表明，合成的石墨烯／氧化锌纳米衍生体比纯氧化锌纳米颗粒对甲基橙有机染料具有更好的光催化活性。当石墨烯在衍生体中的含量为0．51wt．％时，获得的衍生体具有最强的光催化活性，在90rain内能全部降解溶液中的甲基橙。光催化活性的提高主要贡献于石墨烯良好的电子输运性能，能有效阻止氧化锌纳米颗粒中光生电子和空穴对之间的复合。

氮掺杂碳载体促进铂纳米颗粒电催化氧还原反应的作用机制研究

氮掺杂碳通常被用作铂基催化剂电催化氧还原反应的功能载体,但是,掺杂的氮对分子氧在铂活性中心上的吸附和还原机理尚不清楚。本研究采用氨气热解的方法制取氮掺杂纳米碳作为载体,并采用调节氨气热解温度进而控制不同种类氮掺杂的含量,可以使铂催化剂获得较高的零价铂含量、较大的电化学活性面积、合适的铂粒径(2.10 nm)和电子快速传输能力从而提高电催化活性。研究发现,具有最佳氮含量掺杂的Pt/Nano-NC-800催化剂显示出优异的电催化氧还原性能(例如,半波电位为0.80 V vs RHE,极限扩散电流为5.37 mA/cm^(2)),以及强的抗甲醇和一氧化碳中毒能力。该性能优于商业铂碳催化剂(20%,JM)以及大多数沉积在碳纳米颗粒或其他载体上的铂催化剂,表现出优异的应用潜力。

铁磁纳米颗粒系统磁性质对尺寸和各向异性效应的依赖

研究了随机分布颗粒系统的尺寸、各向异性、矫顽力和温度之间的关系.从FexCu1-x,Fe/SiO2,Fe/Al2O3颗粒膜实验结果入手,以Néel-Bron理论和Storner-Wohlfartly模型为依据,建立了描述细磁性颗粒矫顽力Hc与颗粒大小d、热力学温度T的函数关系,并得出在粒径小于dm（=18～20 nm）范围内,矫顽力随着颗粒的尺寸的增加而迅速地增大,而在颗粒尺寸大于这个范围,则按照Hc∝1/d规律变化.

热电子注入效率影响因素的仿真研究

以Fowler理论模型为基础,通过将热电子注入过程分为热电子的产生、传输和发射3个部分进行量化分析,仿真计算了入射光子能量、贵金属纳米颗粒尺寸、以及肖特基势垒高度3个因素对热电子注入效率的影响。仿真结果表明,入射光子能量和热电子注入效率之间存在正相关关系、半径为5 nm左右的贵金属纳米颗粒具有最佳的热电子注入效率、热电子注入效率随着肖特基势垒高度的升高而逐渐降低。仿真结果加深了热电子注入物理过程的理解,为等离子光催化剂和光电器件的设计提供了理论指导。

Size-control growth of thermally stable Au nanoparticles encapsulated within ordered mesoporous carbon framework

Simultaneously controlling the size of Au nanoparticles and immobilizing their location to specific active sites while hindering migration and sintering at elevated temperatures is a current challenge within materials chemistry.Typical methods require the use of protecting agents to control the properties of Au nanoparticles and therefore it is difficult to decouple the influence of the protecting agent and the support material.By functionalizing the internal surface area of mesoporous carbon supports with thiol groups and implementing a simple acid extraction step,we are able to design the resulting materials with precise control over the Au nanoparticle size without the need for the presence of any protecting group,whilst simultaneously confining the nanoparticles to within the internal porous network.Monodispersed Au nanoparticles in the absence of protecting agents were encapsulated into ordered mesoporous carbon at various loading levels via a coordination-assisted self-assembly approach.The X-ray diffractograms and transmission electron microscopy micrographs show that the particles have controlled and well-defined diameters between 3 and 18 nm at concentrations between 1.1 and 9.0 wt%.The Au nanoparticles are intercalated into the pore matrix to different degrees depending on the synthesis conditions and are stable after high temperature treatment at 600 °C.N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms show that the Au functionalized mesoporous carbon catalysts possess high surface areas（1269–1743 m^2/g）,large pore volumes（0.78–1.38 cm^3/g）and interpenetrated,uniform bimodal mesopores with the primary larger mesopore lying in the range of 3.4–5.7 nm and the smaller secondary mesopore having a diameter close to 2 nm.X-ray absorption near extended spectroscopy analysis reveals changes to the electronic properties of the Au nanoparticles as a function of reduced particle size.The predominant factors that significantly determine the end Au nanoparticle size is both the thiol group concentration and subjecting the as-made materials to an additional concentrated sulfuric acid extraction step.

Size control and its mechanism of SnAg nanoparticles

Sn3.5Ag （mass fraction, %） nanoparticles were synthesized by an improved chemical reduction method at room temperature. 1,10-phenanthroline and sodium borohydride were selected as the surfactant and reducing agent, respectively. It was found that no obvious oxidation of the synthesized nanoparticles was traced by X-ray diffraction. In addition, the results show that the density of primary particles decreases with decreasing the addition rate of the reducing agent. Moreover, the slight particle agglomeration and slow secondary particle growth can result in small-sized nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the effect of surfactant concentration on the particle size can effectively be controlled when the reducing agent is added into the precursor at an appropriate rate. In summary, the capping effect caused by the surfactant molecules coordinating with the nanoclusters will restrict the growth of the nanoparticles. The larger the mass ratio of the surfactant to the precursor is, the smaller the particle size is.

Gold nanoparticle stabilization within tailored cubic mesoporous silica:Optimizing alcohol oxidation activity

Stabilizing gold nanoparticles（AuNPs） within a desired size range is critical to realize their promising catalytic performance in many important reactions.Herein,we investigate the anti-sintering properties of cubic mesoporous silica（FDU-12） as a function of pore entrance size.Simple adjustments to the type of organic template and reaction temperature enable the successful synthesis of FDU-12 with controllable entrance sizes（ 3,3-5 and 7 nm）.Excellent anti-sintering properties are observed for FDU-12 with a sub-5-nm entrance size（3-5 nm） over a wide loading concentration（1.0-8.3 wt%） and the AuNPs can be stabilized within a 4.5-5.0-nm range after calcination at 550 ℃in air for 5 h.Smaller entrance size（ 3 nm） prevents ingress of 3-nm AuNPs to the mesopores and results in low loading capacity and sintering.Conversely,FDU-12 possessing a larger entrance size（7 nm） shows promising anti-sintering properties at high loading concentrations,although catalytic performance is significantly lost at lower concentrations（e.g.2.1 wt%,14.2 ± 5.5 nm）.Different anti-sintering mechanisms are proposed for each of the different FDU-12 entrance sizes.Additionally,catalytic data indicates that the obtained 4.5-nm AuNPs supported on FDU-12 with a sub-5-nm entrance size exhibit excellent mass-specific activity（1544 mmol g_（Au）^（-1） h^（-1）） and selectivity（ 99%）at 230 ℃ for the gas-phase selective oxidation of cyclohexanol.

Dependence of Optical Absorption in Silicon Nanostructures on Size of Silicon Nanoparticles

The amorphous silicon nanoparticles （Si NPs） embedded in silicon nitride （SiNx） films prepared by helicon wave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition （HWP-CVD） technique are studied. From Raman scattering investigation, we determine that the deposited film has the structure of silicon nanocrystals embedded in silicon nitride （nc-Si/SiNx） thin film at a certain hydrogen dilution amount. The analysis of optical absorption spectra implies that the Si NPs is affected by quantum size effects and has the nature of an indirect-band-gap semiconductor. Further, considering the effects of the mean Si NP size and their dispersion on oscillator strength, and quantum-confinement, we obtain an analytical expression for the spectral absorbance of ensemble samples. Gaussian as well as lognormal size-distributions of the Si NPs are considered for optical absorption coefficient calculations. The influence of the particle size-distribution on the optical absorption spectra was systematically studied. We present the fitting of the optical absorption experimental data with our model and discuss the results.

Synthesis and luminescence properties of the europium quaternary complexes nanoparticles

In this paper,the nanometer-sized(200 nm)quaternary rare-earth complex Eu(BA)(TTA)2phen was successfully prepared by using the method of optimizing chemical precipitation.The characterizations of these nanoparticles were performed by using elemental analysis,thermogravimetric analysis,infrared spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy and luminescence quantum-yield.The results indicate that they are better than common ternary complexes at light-emitting performance,luminescence properties,thermal stability,uniformity and particle size;they can also be further mixed with a suitable polymer to form functional rare earth polymers.Compared to the common solid materials,the quaternary complex has better and unique characteristics such as nanoparticle size effect and surface effect.A foundation had been laid for the further expansion of its application in the field of light-emitting and magnetic materials.