In this letter,a new polarization state generator(PSG) is presented,which can generate an output with arbitrary state of polarization(SOP).This PSG consists of a linear polarizer,a rotatable quarter-waveplate,and a ro...In this letter,a new polarization state generator(PSG) is presented,which can generate an output with arbitrary state of polarization(SOP).This PSG consists of a linear polarizer,a rotatable quarter-waveplate,and a rotatable half-waveplate.The PSG can be used to study the polarization-related effects on optical components and on optical fiber communication systems.展开更多
In order to characterize various micromorphologic properties of two forest soils derived from different parent rocks in Lahijan, and use the data collected from micromorphological analysis to interpret dominant pedoge...In order to characterize various micromorphologic properties of two forest soils derived from different parent rocks in Lahijan, and use the data collected from micromorphological analysis to interpret dominant pedogenic processes. Two representative soil pedons, granite （P1） and andesitic basalt （P2） were selected in a mountain landform with northwest aspect. Samples for thin section preparation were taken from each horizon by Kubiena boxes or clods. Micromorphological analysis of soils derived from these two soil pedons in eastern part of Lahijan （northern Iran） were conducted based on the physicochemical and mineralogical data. Micromorphological properties were characterized using a polarized light microscope under plain and cross light. Thin section study indicated that the nature of the parent material clearly affected the content of clay formation. It also showed that clay accumulation in the Bt horizons was not only due to clay illuviation （argillan）, but that strong in situ weathering of primary minerals also contributed to the enrichment of clay in soils derived from andesitic basalt. Comparing the results of clay mineralogy obtained from X-ray diffraction （XRD） with microscopic studies revealed that birefringence fabric （b-fabric） of the groundmass was partly striated due to smectitic minerals in soil of andesitic basalt （Hapludalf）, whereas speckled birefringence fabric was dominant in soil of granite （Udorthent） because of the absence of these minerals. We speculate that pores of skeletal fragments or microcracks in P1 were a place for illuvial clay protection. However, the main factor for flluvial clay film disruption （striation anddeformation） was biological activity （faunal turbation and root pressure） in P1 and expandable minerals and faunal turbation in P2.展开更多
We present an original self-error-rejecting photonic qubit transmission scheme for both the polarization and spatial states of photon systems transmitted over collective noise channels. In our scheme, we use simple li...We present an original self-error-rejecting photonic qubit transmission scheme for both the polarization and spatial states of photon systems transmitted over collective noise channels. In our scheme, we use simple linear-optical elements, including half-wave plates, 50:50 beam splitters, and polarization beam splitters, to convert spatial-polarization modes into different time bins. By using postselection in different time bins, the success probability of obtaining the uncorrupted states approaches 1/4 for singlephoton transmission, which is not influenced by the coefficients of noisy channels. Our self-error-rejecting transmission scheme can be generalized to hyperentangled n-photon systems and is useful in practical high-capacity quantum communications with photon systems in two degrees of freedom.展开更多
基金Supported by State"10-5"Project :"40 Gb/s SDH(STM-256)Optical Fiber Communications Equipments and Systems"( No.2002BA106B07-5)
文摘In this letter,a new polarization state generator(PSG) is presented,which can generate an output with arbitrary state of polarization(SOP).This PSG consists of a linear polarizer,a rotatable quarter-waveplate,and a rotatable half-waveplate.The PSG can be used to study the polarization-related effects on optical components and on optical fiber communication systems.
基金supported by the Soil Science department, faculty of Agriculture,University of Guilan
文摘In order to characterize various micromorphologic properties of two forest soils derived from different parent rocks in Lahijan, and use the data collected from micromorphological analysis to interpret dominant pedogenic processes. Two representative soil pedons, granite （P1） and andesitic basalt （P2） were selected in a mountain landform with northwest aspect. Samples for thin section preparation were taken from each horizon by Kubiena boxes or clods. Micromorphological analysis of soils derived from these two soil pedons in eastern part of Lahijan （northern Iran） were conducted based on the physicochemical and mineralogical data. Micromorphological properties were characterized using a polarized light microscope under plain and cross light. Thin section study indicated that the nature of the parent material clearly affected the content of clay formation. It also showed that clay accumulation in the Bt horizons was not only due to clay illuviation （argillan）, but that strong in situ weathering of primary minerals also contributed to the enrichment of clay in soils derived from andesitic basalt. Comparing the results of clay mineralogy obtained from X-ray diffraction （XRD） with microscopic studies revealed that birefringence fabric （b-fabric） of the groundmass was partly striated due to smectitic minerals in soil of andesitic basalt （Hapludalf）, whereas speckled birefringence fabric was dominant in soil of granite （Udorthent） because of the absence of these minerals. We speculate that pores of skeletal fragments or microcracks in P1 were a place for illuvial clay protection. However, the main factor for flluvial clay film disruption （striation anddeformation） was biological activity （faunal turbation and root pressure） in P1 and expandable minerals and faunal turbation in P2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61675028,and 11674033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2015KJJCA01)and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2013AA122902)
文摘We present an original self-error-rejecting photonic qubit transmission scheme for both the polarization and spatial states of photon systems transmitted over collective noise channels. In our scheme, we use simple linear-optical elements, including half-wave plates, 50:50 beam splitters, and polarization beam splitters, to convert spatial-polarization modes into different time bins. By using postselection in different time bins, the success probability of obtaining the uncorrupted states approaches 1/4 for singlephoton transmission, which is not influenced by the coefficients of noisy channels. Our self-error-rejecting transmission scheme can be generalized to hyperentangled n-photon systems and is useful in practical high-capacity quantum communications with photon systems in two degrees of freedom.
