热释光剂量片γ射线响应的线性上限和重复性研究

本文利用60Co试验研究了国产LiF（Mg ，Ti）-M热释光剂量片（TLD）对γ射线的线性响应上限及其重复性。结果表明，国产LiF（Mg ，Ti）-M的线性响应上限在150～200 Gy之间，超过线性上限后灵敏度下降，退火后再次使用灵敏度增加。试验结果还表明，即使接受到的吸收剂量在非线性区域，1组剂量片的响应一致性仍可在后续多次使用中保持。据此，本文提出采用成批使用的方法测量非线性区域的吸收剂量，这可提高大吸收剂量测量的准确性。

国产LiF(Mg,Ti)-M剂量片γ射线响应的线性上限和重复性研究

利用50Co实验研究了国产LiF(Mg,Ti)-M热释光剂量片(TLD)的线性响应上限及重复性.结果表明,国产LiF(Mg,Ti)-M的线性响应上限在150～200 Gy之间,超过线性上限后灵敏度下降.在剂量片线性响应范围内重复使用,灵敏度基本不变;超过线性上限后重复使用,灵敏度会增加.实验结果还表明,通过筛选可以使一组剂量片的响应一致性满足使用要求,而且不论后续使用中的辐照剂量是否在线性范围,它们的响应一致性均不会因多次使用而变差,因此可以采用成批使用的方法测量非线性区吸收剂量,以提高大剂量测量的准确度.

提高四极质谱计线性上限的一些考虑

给出了几种不同条件下四极质谱计临近上限时的特性。通过对实验结果的分析研究，提出了在不影响四极质谱计其它性能的情况下提高四极质谱计线性上限的方法。

硅酸镥闪烁体γ高剂量率脉冲线性响应上限测量

在"强光一号"高剂量率脉冲伽马装置上,使用李萨如图形法测量了硅酸镥闪烁体的γ高剂量率脉冲线性响应上限。实验结果表明:硅酸镥闪烁体在脉冲伽马能注量率小于1.9×1019MeV/(cm2.s)时,光输出为线性;大于此限值时,出现非线性响应现象。

Upper bound solutions for supporting pressures of shallow tunnels with nonlinear failure criterion

Linear failure criterion is widely used in calculation of earth pressure acting on shallow tunnels. However, experimental evidence shows that nonlinear failure criterion is able to represent fairly well the failure of almost all types of rocks, A nonlinear Hock-Brown failure criterion is employed to estimate the supporting pressures of shallow tunnels in limit analysis framework. Two failure mechanisms are proposed for calculating the work rate of extemal force and the internal energy dissipation. A tangential line to the nonlinear failure criterion is used to formulate the supporting pressure problem as a nonlinear programming problem. The objective function formulated in this way is minimized with respect to the failure mechanism and the location of tangency point. In order to assess the validity, the supporting pressures for the proposed failure mechanisms are calculated and compared with each other, and the present results are compared with previously published solutions when the nonlinear criterion is reduced to linear criterion. The agreement supports the validity of the proposed failure mechanisms. An experiment is conducted to investigate the influences of the nonlinear criterion on collapse shape and supporting pressures of shallow tunnels.

Limit analysis of supporting pressure in tunnels with regard to surface settlement

The proliferation of Hoek-Brown nonlinear failure criterion and upper bound theorem makes it possible to evaluate the stability of circular tunnels with an original curved collapsing mechanism. The arch effect of shallow circle tunnel is not taken into consideration so that the mechanical characteristics can be easily described. Based on the mechanism, the upper bound solution of supporting pressure of tunnels under the condition of surface settlements and overloads on the ground surface is derived. The objective function is formed from virtual work equations under the variational principle, and solutions are presented by the optimum theory. Comparisons with previous works are made. The numerical results of the present method show great agreement with those of existing ones. With regard to the surface settlement and overloads, the influence of different rock parameters on the collapsing shape is analyzed.

Minimum safe thickness of rock plug in karst tunnel according to upper bound theorem

High pressure and water-bearing caverns ahead of a karst tunnel face tend to cause geological disasters, such as water and mud bursts. So, the determination of safe thickness of the reserved rock plug is a key technical problem to be solved for karst tunnel construction. Based on the Hoek-Brown nonlinear failure criterion, the minimum safe thickness of rock plug was investigated in the light of the limit analysis theory. On the basis of the proposed failure mode, the expression of the minimum thickness for rock plug was obtained by means of upper bound theorem in combination with variational principle. The calculation results show the influence of each parameter on safe thickness and reveal the damage range of rock plug. The proposed method is verified by comparing the results with those of the drain cavern of Maluqing Tunnel. The research shows that with the increase of compressive strength and tensile strength as well as constant A of Hoek-Brown criterion, the safe thickness decreases, whereas with the increase of cavern pressure, tunnel diameter, and constant B from Hoek-Brown criterion, the safe thickness increases. Besides, the tensile strength, or constants A and B affect the shear failure angle of rock plug structure, but other parameters do not. In conclusion, the proposed method can predict the minimum safe thickness of rock plug, and is useful for water burst study and prevention measures of tunnels constructed in high-risk karst regions.

Upper bound analysis of ultimate pullout capacity of shallow 3-D circular plate anchors based on nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion

Based on the nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and the associated flow rules,the three-dimensional(3-D)axisymmetric failure mechanism of shallow horizontal circular plate anchors that are subjected to the ultimate pullout capacity(UPC)is determined.A derivative function of the projection function for projecting the 3-D axisymmetric failure surface on plane is deduced using the variation theory.By using difference principle,the primitive function of failure surface satisfying boundary condition and numerical solution to its corresponding ultimate pullout capacity function are obtained.The influences of nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb parameters on UPC and failure mechanism are studied.The result shows that UPC decreases with dimensionless parameter m and uniaxial tensile strength increases but increases when depth and radius of plate anchor,surface overload,initial cohesion,geomaterial density and friction angle increase.The failure surface is similar to a symmetrical spatial funnel,and its shape is mainly determined by dimensionless parameter m;the surface damage range expands with the increase of radius and depth of the plate anchor as well as initial cohesion but decreases with the increase of dimensionless parameter m and uniaxial tensile strength as well as geomaterial density.As the dimensionless parameter m=2.0,the numerical solution of UPC based on the difference principle is proved to be feasible and effective through the comparison with the exact solution.In addition,the comparison between solutions of UPC computed by variation method and those computed by upper bound method indicate that variation method outperforms upper bound method.

Stability analysis for natural slope by kinematical approach

The stability of natural slope was analyzed on the basis of limit analysis. The sliding model of a kind of natural slope was presented. A new kinematically admissible velocity field for the new sliding model was constructed. The stability factor formulation by the upper bound theorem leads to a classical nonlinear programming problem, when the external work rate and internal energy dissipation were solved, and the constraint condition of the programming problem was given. The upper bound optimization problem can be solved efficiently by applying a nonlinear SQP algorithm, and stability factor was obtained, which agrees well with previous achievements.

Minimax Strategy of Optimal Unambiguous State Discrimination

In this paper, we consider the minimax strategy to unambiguously discriminate two pure nonorthogonal quantum states without knowing a priori probability. By exploiting the positive-operator valued measure, we derive the upper bound of the minimax measurement of the optimal unambiguous state discrimination. Based on the linear optical devices, we propose an experimentally feasible scheme to implement a minimax measure of a general pair of two nonorthogonal quantum states.