Preparation of ferromagnetic binary alloy fine fibers by organic gel-thermal reduction process

Ferromagnetic metal fibers with a high aspect ratio (length/diameter) are attractive for use as high performance electromagnetic interference shielding materials. Ferromagnetic binary alloy fine fibers of iron-nickel, iron-cobalt and cobalt-nickel were prepared by the organic gel-thermal reduction process from the raw materials of critic acid and metal salts. These alloy fibers synthesized were featured with a diameter of about 1 μm and a length as long as 1 m. The structure, thermal decomposition process and morphologies of the gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal reduction of the gel precursors were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TG/DSC and SEM. The gel spinnability largely depends on the molecular structure of metal- carboxylates formed during the gel formation. The gel consisting of linear-type structural molecules shows good spinnability.

Generalized Dromion Structures of New（2＋1）—Dimensional Nonlinear Evolution Equation

We derive the generalized dromions of the new (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation by the arbitrary function presented in the bilinearized linear equations. The rich soliton and dromion structures for this system are released.

General Formulations of Finite-field Method Classifiedby Symmetry for Molecular Linear and Nonlinear Polarizabilities

The formulations of the finite-field approach to calculate the linear and non-linear optical coefficients (i, (ij, (ijk and (ijkl of a molecular system with different symmetries have been deduced and summarized. The possible choices of the energy sets of the 48 frequent point groups have been optimized and categorized into 11 classes. With the restriction of symmetry operators, a minimum of 9, no more than 21 energy points have to be calculated in order to determine the coefficients, except in the case of the first class to which C1 point group belongs and in which the 34 non-relative energy points selected in our uniform and general scheme are all needed. The symmetric operators that cause some of the tensor components to vanish have been demonstrated as well.

Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics of Municipal Solid Waste

Based on a systemic survey, the pyrolysis characteristics and apparent kinetics of the municipal solid waste （ MSW） under different conditions were researched using a special pyrolysis reactor, which could overcome the disadvantage of thermo-gravimetric analyzer. The thermal decomposition behaviour of MSW was investigated using thermo-gravimetric （ TG ） analysis at rates of 4.8,6.6,8.4, 12.0 and 13. 2 K/min. The pyrolysis characteristics of MSW were also studied in different function districts. The pyrolysis of MSW is a complex reaction process and three main stages are found according to the results. The first stage represents the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, with the maximum degradation rate occuring at 150℃ -200 ℃： the second stage represents dehydrochlorination and depolymerization of intermediate products and the differential thermogravimetric （ DTG ） curves have shoulder peaks at about 300℃： the third stage is the decomposition of the residual big molecular organic substance and lignin at 400 ℃- 600 ℃. Within the range of given experimental conditions, the results of non-linear fitting algorithm and experiment are in agreement with each other and the correlation coefficients are over0. 99. The kinetic characteristics are concerned with the material component and heating rate. The activation energy of reaction decreases with the increase of heating rate.

Rolonged-Release Nitrogen Fertilizers for Reducing Global Environmental Pollution

Nitrogenous fertilizers of prolonged action were developed on the basis of carbamide （urea）. Technological schemes and parameters are offered to obtain restructured carbamide. Possible versions of degradation of different structure prolonged action fertilizers are considered. It was shown that the most favorable conditions for degradation of polymer molecules are created when molar ratio of the initial carbamide and aldehyde is within 1：1-1.3, correspondingly. At such terms the linear structure molecules with rare cross-links are formed. Such structure is more accessible for penetration of ureasive ferments into polymer molecules.

Accurate Structure Parameters for Tunneling Ionization Rates of Gas-Phase Linear Molecules

In the molecular Ammosov–Delone–Krainov(MO-ADK) model of Tong et al. [Phys. Rev. A 66(2002)033402], the ionization rate depends on the structure parameters of the molecular orbital from which the electron is removed. We determine systematically and tabulate accurate structure parameters of the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) for 123 gas-phase linear molecules by solving time-independent Schr¨odinger equation with B-spline functions and molecular potentials which are constructed numerically using the modified Leeuwen–Baerends(LBα)model.