论飞机尾流散射特性的度量方法

由于航空安全的推动,飞机尾流的雷达探测成为雷达技术领域的新兴前沿课题。作为一类极为特殊的时变、非均匀、分布式、弱散射介质目标,飞机尾流的散射特性极具理论研究价值,同时对尾流的雷达探测技术研究具有重要指导意义。在尾流散射特性研究领域,尾流散射能力的度量存在体散射率、线散射率和雷达散射截面(RCS)直接度量三种方法。然而,目前尚未见这三种度量方法的物理基础、特点、内在关系、相互转换关系的分析。对上述问题进行了讨论,为以后的飞机尾流电磁散射特性研究和工程应用提供参考。

Generalized 3D Scattering Channel Model with MIMO Antenna Systems

In this paper, a generalized three-dimensional(3D) scattering channel model for macrocellular land mobile environments is considered. This model simultaneously describes angular arrival of multi-path signals in the azimuth and elevation planes in an environment where uniformly distributed scatterers are assumed to be present in hemispheroids around the base station(BS) and mobile station(MS). Using this channel model, we first derive the closed-form expression for the joint and marginal probability density functions of the angle-of-arrival and time-of-arrival measured at the BS and the MS corresponding to the azimuth and elevation angles. Next, we derive an expression for the Doppler spectral distribution caused by motion of the MSs. Furthermore, we analyze the performance of multiple-input multiple-output antenna systems numerically. The results show that the proposed 3D scattering channel model performs better than previously proposed two-dimensional(2D) models for indoor and outdoor environments. We compare the results with previous scattering channel models and measurement results to validate the generalizability of our model.

Description of nonstationary non-Gaussian processes using finite atomic functions

The possibility of using finite atomic functions of Kravchenko-Rvachev for description of the laws of distribution of the refractive index of the troposphere,the intensity of the scattering from the sea,seasonal behavior unit radar cross section(RCS)of land areas with vegetation covering,as well as the spectrum of electromagnetic spikes of lithospheric origin is considered.

Densely quaternized anion exchange membranes synthesized from Ullmann coupling extension of ionic segments for vanadium redox flow batteries

Membranes with high ion conductivity and selectivity are important for vanadium redox flow batteries.Herein, densely quaternized anion exchange membranes based on quaternary ammonium functionalized octa-benzylmethyl-containing poly(fluorenyl ether ketone)s(QA-OMPFEKs) were prepared from the(i) condensation polymerization of a newly developed octa-benzylmethyl-containing bisphenol monomer via Ullmann coupling,(ii) bromination at the benzylmethyl sites using N-bromosuccinimide, and(iii)quaternization of the bromomethyl groups using trimethylamine. The QA-OMPFEK-20 with an ion exchange capacity(IEC) of 1.66 mmolg^-1 exhibited a higher SO42-conductivity(9.62mScm^-1) than that of the QA-TMPFEK-40(4.82mScm^-1) at room temperature, which had a slightly higher IEC of 1.73 mmolg-1but much lower QA density.The enhanced SO42-conductivity of QA-OMPFEK-20 was attributed to the ion-segregated structure arising from the densely anchored QA groups, which was validated by SAXS observation. Furthermore, the QA-OMPFEK-20 showed much lower VO2+permeability(1.24×10^-14m^2s^-1) than QA-TMPFEK-40(5.40×10^-13m^2s^-1) and Nafion N212(5.36×10^-12m^2s^-1), leading to improved Coulombic and energy efficiencies in Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs). Therefore, the Ullmann coupling extension is a valuable approach for the development of high performance anion exchange membranes for VRFBs.

Scattering for the focusing energy-subcritical nonlinear Schrdinger equation

For the 3D focusing cubic nonlinear SchrSdinger equation, scattering of H1 solutions inside the （scale invariant） potential well was established by Holmer and Roudenko （radial case） and Duyckaerts et al. （general case） in 2008. In this paper, we extend this result to arbitrary space dimensions and focusing, mass-supercritical and energy-subcritical power nonlinearities, by adapting the method of Duyckaerts et al.

The analysis of electrical performances of nanowires silicon solar cells

A theoretical model of silicon solar cells with ultra-small textured surface has been established based on depletion approximation and drift diffusion theory. The ultra-small textured surface achieves the low reflectance by multiple reflections among the silicon nanowires （NWs）. The electrical performances of the solar cells, including open circuit voltage （Voc）, short circuit current （lsc） and conversion efficiency （η）, are analyzed by the theoretical model. The results show that the low reflectance is not the only pursuit in manufacturing the Si NWs solar cells. Other factors including optimizing the surface passivation, improving the silicon wafers quality and designing the proper nanowire length should be considered together with NWs structure.

Modulation instability in negative refractive materials with saturable nonlinearity

Starting directly from the nonlinear propagation equation including saturable nonlinearity, the first-and the second-order nonlinear dispersions, the dispersion relation, instable condition, gain spectra, and the dimensionless cut-off frequency and gain spectra of modulation instability (MI) in the negative refractive material are deduced by adopting the linear stability analysis and Drude electromagnetic model. And the variations of the dimensionless gain spectra with the normalized angular frequency and normalized incident power are calculated and discussed for different sign relations between the linear dispersion and the third-order nonlinear coefficients. The results show that in the negative refractive index region, MI can occur irrespective of the sign relation between the linear dispersion and the third-order nonlinear coefficients. And depending on different dimensionless angular frequencies and different sign relations, the variations of the dimensionless gain spectra with incident power take on several different forms. Namely, the peak gain and the cut-off frequency of MI may increase then decrease with the increase of the incident power, or decrease monotonously. Moreover, MI may even have a threshold incident power for some cases.