用线震源代替点震源模拟地震自激自收记录的几点探讨

在进行地震波数值模拟时,往往需要模拟自激自收地震记录,一炮一道计算很费时间。如果用线震源代替点震源来进行模拟计算,则大大提高计算效率。本文以二维的一阶速度—应力交错迭代计算的方程组为理论基础,分别采用点震源和线震源对水平、倾斜两层介质模型以及断层模型进行了正演模拟计算。从直观的反射波波形形态、反射时间大小以及频率特性等方面进行了对比分析。另外,还从球面波(点震源)与柱面波(线震源)的联系方面,探讨了将球面波通过反滤波转换为柱面波的可能性。研究结果表明,如果只考虑反射时间以及频率的相对变化,则线震源可以替代点震源模拟自激自收地震记录。

Separation method for multi-source blended seismic data

Multi-source seismic technology is an efficient seismic acquisition method that requires a group of blended seismic data to be separated into single-source seismic data for subsequent processing. The separation of blended seismic data is a linear inverse problem. According to the relationship between the shooting number and the simultaneous source number of the acquisition system, this separation of blended seismic data is divided into an easily determined or overdetermined linear inverse problem and an underdetermined linear inverse problem that is difficult to solve. For the latter, this paper presents an optimization method that imposes the sparsity constraint on wavefields to construct the object function of inversion, and the problem is solved by using the iterative thresholding method. For the most extremely underdetermined separation problem with single-shooting and multiple sources, this paper presents a method of pseudo-deblending with random noise filtering. In this method, approximate common shot gathers are received through the pseudo-deblending process, and the random noises that appear when the approximate common shot gathers are sorted into common receiver gathers are eliminated through filtering methods. The separation methods proposed in this paper are applied to three types of numerical simulation data, including pure data without noise, data with random noise, and data with linear regular noise to obtain satisfactory results. The noise suppression effects of these methods are sufficient, particularly with single-shooting blended seismic data, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

可变面元三维地震勘探方法在江苏地区的应用

在以往的地震资料采集中 ,我们的震源线是平行且间距相等的 ,并且每条线上由多个等间距的检波器组成。震源线间距是道距的整数倍 ,接收线间距是炮间距的整数倍。用这种观测系统放炮后 ,在每个标准面元里 ,在理论上只产生一个共中心点 (CMP)。如果我们只要稍微改变炮间距、道距、接收线距和炮线距 ,使检波器和震源在每隔一个或多个点处重合 ,这样在每个标准面元里的中心点的数量会成倍增加。在处理时 ,可根据实际情况来调整面元大小 ,从而允许勘探人员在覆盖次数和分辨率之间做出理想选择。

Locating microseismic sources based upon L-shaped single-component geophone array:A synthetic study

We have developed a type of L-shaped single-component geophone array as a single station(L-array station)for surface microseismic monitoring.The L-array station consists of two orthogonal sensor arrays,each being a linear array of single-component sensors.L-array stations can be used to accurately estimate the polarization of first arrivals without amplitude picking.In a synthetic example,we first use segmentally iterative ray tracing(SIRT)method and forward model to calculate the travel time and polarization of first arrivals at a set of L-array stations.Then,for each L-array station,the relative delay times of first arrivals along sensor arrays are used to estimate the polarization vector.The small errors in estimated polarization vectors show the reliability and robustness of polarization estimation based on L-array stations.We then use reverse-time ray-tracing(RTRT)method to locate the source position based on estimated polarizations at a set of L-array stations.Very small errors in inverted source location and origin time indicate the great potential of L-array stations for source localization applications in surface microseismic monitoring.

Experiments on excitation and data processing of low-frequency vibroseis in permafrost area of the tibetan plateau

Few seismic exploration work was carried out in Tibetan Plateau due to the characteristics of alpine hypoxia and harsh environmental protection needs.Complex near surface geological conditions,especially the signal shielding and static correction of permafrost make the quality of seismic data is not ideal,the signal to noise ratio(SNR)is low,and deep target horizon imaging is difficult.These data cannot provide high quality information for oil and gas geological survey and structural sedimentary research in the area.To solve the issue of seismic exploration in Tibetan Plateau,this test used low frequency vibroseis wide-line and high-density acquisition scheme.In view of the actual situation of the study area,the terrain,the source and the diff erent observation system were simulated,and the processing technique was adopted to improve the quality of seismic data.Low-frequency components with a minimum of 1.5Hz of vibroseis ensure the deep geological target imaging quality in the area,the seismic profi le wave group is clear,and the SNR is relatively high,which can meet the needs of oil and gas exploration.Seismic data can provide the support for the development of oil and gas survey in the Tibet plateau.

Relocation and Genetic Analysis of Earthquakes in the West of Xietan Area of Three Gorges Reservoir

136 earthquakes,taking place in the west of Xietan area,recorded by portable stations deployed in the Three Georges reservoir area were relocated using the double difference algorithm.The relocations show that the root-mean-square deviations of the relocations in the directions of E-W,N-S and U-D are 0.38km,0.33km and 0.98km,respectively.The earthquakes in clasolite area with focal depths of about 4km～5km take on linear distributions from the shallow to deep parts.These earthquakes were deduced to be reservoir-induced earthquakes of fault fracture type.In contrast,the earthquakes in limestone pavement with the focal depths about 2km～3km take on slightly divergent distributions and have the characteristics of reservoir-induced earthquakes of the karst collapse type.