The World Health Organization recommends that the daily intake of added sugars should make up no more than 10% of total energy.The consumption of sugarsweetened beverages is the main source of added sugars.Fructose,to...The World Health Organization recommends that the daily intake of added sugars should make up no more than 10% of total energy.The consumption of sugarsweetened beverages is the main source of added sugars.Fructose,together with glucose,as a component of high fructose corn syrups or as a component of the sucrose molecule,is one of the main sweeteners present in this kind of beverages.Data from prospective and intervention studies clearly point to high fructose consumption,mainly in the form of sweetened beverages,as a risk factor for several metabolic diseases in humans.The incidence of hypertension,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),dyslipidemia(mainly hypertriglyceridemia),insulin resistance,type 2 diabetes mellitus,obesity,and the cluster of many of these pathologies in the form of metabolic syndrome is higher in human population segments that show high intake of fructose.Adolescent and young adults from lowincome families are especially at risk.We recently reviewed evidence from experimental animals and human data that confirms the deleterious effect of fructose on lipid and glucose metabolism.In this present review we update the information generated in the past 2 years about high consumption of fructose-enriched beverages and the occurrence of metabolic disturbances,especially NAFLD,type 2 diabetes mellitus,and metabolic syndrome.We have explored recent data from observational and experimental human studies,as well as experimental data from animal and cell models.Finally,using information generated in our laboratory and others,we provide a view of the molecular mechanisms that may be specifically involved in the development of liver lipid and glucose metabolic alterations after fructose consumption in liquid form.展开更多
The authors have invented the unique ocean wave power station,which is composed of the floating type platform with a pair of the floats lining up at the interval of one wave pitch and the counter-rotating type wave po...The authors have invented the unique ocean wave power station,which is composed of the floating type platform with a pair of the floats lining up at the interval of one wave pitch and the counter-rotating type wave power unit,its runners are submerged in the seawater at the middle position of the platform.Such profiles make the flow velocity at the runner is twice faster than that of the traditional fixed/caisson type OWC,on the ideal flow conditions.Besides,the runners counter-rotate the inner and the outer armatures of the peculiar generator,respectively,and the relative rotational speed is also twice faster than the speed of the single runner/armature.Such characteristics make the runner diameter large,namely the output higher,as requested,because the torque of the power unit never act on the floating type platform.At the preliminary reseach,this paper verifies to get the power using a Wells type single runner installed in the model station.The runner takes the output which is affected by the oscillating amplitude of the platform,the rotational speed and the inertia force of the runner,etc.展开更多
基金Supported by Fundació Privada Catalana de Nutrició i Lípids and Grant SAF2010-15664 from the Spanish Ministry of Sci ence and Innovation
文摘The World Health Organization recommends that the daily intake of added sugars should make up no more than 10% of total energy.The consumption of sugarsweetened beverages is the main source of added sugars.Fructose,together with glucose,as a component of high fructose corn syrups or as a component of the sucrose molecule,is one of the main sweeteners present in this kind of beverages.Data from prospective and intervention studies clearly point to high fructose consumption,mainly in the form of sweetened beverages,as a risk factor for several metabolic diseases in humans.The incidence of hypertension,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),dyslipidemia(mainly hypertriglyceridemia),insulin resistance,type 2 diabetes mellitus,obesity,and the cluster of many of these pathologies in the form of metabolic syndrome is higher in human population segments that show high intake of fructose.Adolescent and young adults from lowincome families are especially at risk.We recently reviewed evidence from experimental animals and human data that confirms the deleterious effect of fructose on lipid and glucose metabolism.In this present review we update the information generated in the past 2 years about high consumption of fructose-enriched beverages and the occurrence of metabolic disturbances,especially NAFLD,type 2 diabetes mellitus,and metabolic syndrome.We have explored recent data from observational and experimental human studies,as well as experimental data from animal and cell models.Finally,using information generated in our laboratory and others,we provide a view of the molecular mechanisms that may be specifically involved in the development of liver lipid and glucose metabolic alterations after fructose consumption in liquid form.
文摘The authors have invented the unique ocean wave power station,which is composed of the floating type platform with a pair of the floats lining up at the interval of one wave pitch and the counter-rotating type wave power unit,its runners are submerged in the seawater at the middle position of the platform.Such profiles make the flow velocity at the runner is twice faster than that of the traditional fixed/caisson type OWC,on the ideal flow conditions.Besides,the runners counter-rotate the inner and the outer armatures of the peculiar generator,respectively,and the relative rotational speed is also twice faster than the speed of the single runner/armature.Such characteristics make the runner diameter large,namely the output higher,as requested,because the torque of the power unit never act on the floating type platform.At the preliminary reseach,this paper verifies to get the power using a Wells type single runner installed in the model station.The runner takes the output which is affected by the oscillating amplitude of the platform,the rotational speed and the inertia force of the runner,etc.
