学术期刊编辑中标点符号的组合用法辨析

在正确的标点符号组合使用中,不存在逗号和省略号连用的情况,句号和省略号组合使用只有"。……"一种情况,而且可以用省略号替代。句号和引号的组合使用情况比较复杂,需要和引文来源的标注方式联系在一起考虑。2个书名号或引号之间应该用顿号隔开,尽管基于美观考虑,字数较少时不顿开似乎更好看一些,因为字数多少的标准很难统一,而且美观与否涉及价值判断,不适合作为一种对错标准。

An adaptive over/under data combination method

The traditional ＂dephase and sum＂ algorithms for over/under data combination estimate the ghost operator by assuming a calm sea surface. However, the real sea surface is typically rough, which invalidates the calm sea surface assumption. Hence, the traditional ＂dephase and sum＂ algorithms might produce poor-quality results in rough sea conditions. We propose an adaptive over/under data combination method, which adaptively estimates the amplitude spectrum of the ghost operator from the over/under data, and then over/under data combinations are implemented using the estimated ghost operators. A synthetic single shot gather is used to verify the performance of the proposed method in rough sea surface conditions and a real triple over/under dataset demonstrates the method performance.

Combined Action of Uniform Flow and Oscillating Flow Around Marine Riser at Low Keulegan-Carpenter Number

With the increase of petroleum and gas production in deep ocean, marine risers of circular cylinder shape are widely used in the offshore oil and gas platform. In order to research the hydrodynamic performance of marine risers, the dynamic mesh technique and User-Defined Function(UDF) are used to simulate the circular cylinder motion. The motion of a transversely oscillating circular cylinder in combination of uniform flow and oscillating flow is simulated. The uniform flow and oscillating flow both are in x direction. SIMPLE algorithm is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. The User-Defined Function is used to control the cylinder transverse vibration and the inlet flow. The lift and drag coefficient changing with time and the map of vorticity isolines at different phase angle are obtained. Force time histories are shown for uniform flow at Reynolds number(Re) of 200 and for the combination of uniform and oscillating flows. With the increase of amplitude of oscillating flow in combined flow, the change of lift amplitude is not sensitive to the the change of cylinder oscillating frequency. Lift amplitude increases with the increase of oscillating flow amplitude in the combined flow, but there is no definite periodicity of the lift coefficient. The drag and inertia force coefficients change when the maximum velocity of the oscillating flow increases in the combined flow. The vortex shedding near the circular cylinder shows different characteristics.

Research on Determination of Nitrogen Content in Petroleum Using Mid-infrared Spectroscopy

Nitrogen content is an important parameter for petroleum refining processes. The combined use of mid-infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy and multivariate calibration allows accurate determination of nitrogen content in petroleum and its products. The calibration models of nitrogen content in crude oils have been established by partial least squares (PLS) method. The results predicted by this method were very close to those determined by standard methods. Compared with standard methods, this method is provided with advantages such as high-speed, simplicity and good-repeat- ability without any needs for pretreatment.

Joint Resource Allocation Using Evolutionary Algorithms in Heterogeneous Mobile Cloud Computing Networks

The problem of joint radio and cloud resources allocation is studied for heterogeneous mobile cloud computing networks. The objective of the proposed joint resource allocation schemes is to maximize the total utility of users as well as satisfy the required quality of service(QoS) such as the end-to-end response latency experienced by each user. We formulate the problem of joint resource allocation as a combinatorial optimization problem. Three evolutionary approaches are considered to solve the problem: genetic algorithm(GA), ant colony optimization with genetic algorithm(ACO-GA), and quantum genetic algorithm(QGA). To decrease the time complexity, we propose a mapping process between the resource allocation matrix and the chromosome of GA, ACO-GA, and QGA, search the available radio and cloud resource pairs based on the resource availability matrixes for ACOGA, and encode the difference value between the allocated resources and the minimum resource requirement for QGA. Extensive simulation results show that our proposed methods greatly outperform the existing algorithms in terms of running time, the accuracy of final results, the total utility, resource utilization and the end-to-end response latency guaranteeing.

Research on Optimization wharf Structure Type of Triangle frame pier

Based on optimization wharf structure type of triangle flame pier proposed, namely＂ Spatial triangular flame pier ＋ Big span bent which taking Slant supports＂ Simulating three-dimensional pier model of a variety of conditions in the actual loading by structural finite element software. Under the guidance of the three-dimensional structure of the most unfavorable load combination algorithm, three-dimensional combination algorithm is applied to the new structure by the MATLAB software programming. Search and calculate the most unfavorable combination of action effects and the corresponding intemal force of the main member, checking the feasibility of the three-dimensional algorithms, Calculating the new wharf structure structural features and stability, Providing numerical reference for the design of this sort of wharf.

Application of a sea surface temperature front composite algorithm in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas

The oceanic front is a narrow zone in which water properties change abruptly within a short distance.The sea surface temperature(SST) front is an important type of oceanic front,which plays a significant role in many fields including fisheries,the military,and industry.Satellite-derived SST images have been used widely for front detection,although these data are susceptible to influence by many objective factors such as clouds,which can cause missing data and a reduction in front detection accuracy.However,front detection in a single SST image cannot fully reflect its temporal variability and therefore,the long-term mean frequency of occurrence of SST fronts and their gradients are often used to analyze the variations of fronts over time.In this paper,an SST front composite algorithm is proposed that exploits the frontal average gradient and frequency more effectively.Through experiments based on MODIS Terra and Aqua data,we verified that fronts could be distinguished better by using the proposed algorithm.Additionally through its use,we analyzed the monthly variations of fronts in the Bohai,Yellow,and East China Seas,based on Terra data from 2000 to 2013.

Wind Turbine Gearbox Reliability Analysis Based on the System Level Stress-Strength Model

In order to estimate the reliability of wind turbine gearbox based on the system level, a generalized stress-strength model is introduced. Considering that the system works properly under a variety of random stresses which affect every component, the total stress on the system is given by a known linear combination of the stresses of all components. Then the strength of the system can be viewed as a linear combination of the strengths of relative components. In this model, stress and strength are independent of each other. Reliability of the system is the probability that strength exceeds stress. Finally, the reliability of wind turbine gearbox is estimated by the multivariable reliability calculation method. The corresponding result is compared with the results of reliability in the extreme cases(completely dependent and completely independent) by the traditional evaluation method.