化学药剂组合防治巨峰葡萄主要病害的研究

１９９１～１９９７年的田间试验示范表明，巨峰葡萄在少雨年份发病较轻，易于控制，在多雨年份发病较重，通过合理的化学药剂组合防治可有效控制。防治巨峰葡萄主要病害效果最佳的化学药剂组合是，萌芽期以石硫合剂和五氯酚钠混合使用消灭越冬病菌；展叶期至花前主要防治灰霉病和黑痘病，以代森锰锌和多菌灵交替使用较好；花后至硬核期主要防治黑痘病、炭疽病和霜霉病，以代森锰锌、退菌特、炭疽福美、波尔多液交替使用最好；果实上色期以波尔多液、百菌清、炭疽福美、甲霜灵交替使用防治炭疽病、霜霉病等效果为佳；果实采收后用波尔多液防病保叶效果较好。

桑椹菌核病综合防治与不同药剂组合防治效果试验

桑椹菌核病是危害果桑的一种主要病害,严重影响桑椹的产量和品质.为了有效预防和控制桑椹菌核病对果桑的危害,2014年进行桑园冬耕、整枝、清洁田园、喷洒石硫合剂、地膜覆盖等越冬防治;2015年春季用20％爱可悬浮剂（SC）2 000倍液、70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂（WP）1 000倍液、40％菌核净WP 1000倍液和50％多菌灵WP 500倍液等进行不同组合的农药防治试验,至桑椹采摘前25 d停止用药.结果表明,春季桑芽萌发后间隔7～10 d交替喷施70％甲基托布津WP 1000倍液等杀菌剂3～4次,即可控制桑椹菌核病,防效均在91.00％以上,其中20％爱可SC 2 000倍液与70％甲基托布津WP 1 000倍液交替使用防治效果较好,校正防效在98.50％以上;进行越冬防治也可减少桑椹菌核病初侵染源,但对桑椹菌核病的防治效果不佳.

拒避-诱杀组合技术对橘小实蝇产卵的影响

本文研究了以矿物油(mineral spray oil)乳剂为保护剂、"猎蝇"蛋白质毒饵为诱杀剂组成的拒避-诱杀组合技术对橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)产卵的控制作用。结果显示:橘小实蝇在采用拒避-诱杀组合技术保护的供试香蕉上平均产卵孔数为0.000±0.000个,果实完好率达到100%,而单独使用"猎蝇"蛋白质毒饵的平均产卵孔数为27.000±1.732个,果实完好率仅为5.55%,表明该组合技术对橘小实蝇产卵的控制效果显著。在100倍～300倍浓度范围内,矿物油浓度越高,拒避-诱杀组合对橘小实蝇产卵的控制效果越好;随着虫口密度的增加,毒饵使用量和施用面积也须相应增加,才能取得更好的防治效果。

Integrated Control of Meloidogyne Incognita Infesting Tomato Plants Using Callus Powders Derived from Certain Plants Either Alone or in Combination with Oxamyl under Out-Door Conditions

The effect of four dried callus powders derived from certain plants, i.e. tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum; periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus; thorne apple, Datura stramonium and oleander, Nerium oleander applied separately or concomitantly with oxamyl at a half of the recommended dose each on tomato seedlings grown in soil naturally heavy infested with M. incognita under field conditions, indicated that dried callus powder derived from N. oleander either alone or mixed with oxamyl significantly surpassed the other tested treatments in improving percentages of increase in whole plant fresh and shoot dry weights as well as increasing numbers and weights of fruits. Concerning other treatments including oxamyl at a half of recommended dose with each tested callus powder, similar results were evident regarding tomato plant growth parameters. C. roseus plus oxamyl achieved the highest percentage of increase in whole plant fresh weight （141.4%） and shoot dry weight （189.7%） and ranked second to N. oleander ＋ oxamyl in this respect over the untreated plants, respectively. One the other hand, among all tested materials single application of either L. esculentum or oxamyl gave the least values of such criteria which averaged 34.4% and 61.7% or 39.5% and 11.2%, respectively. All tested treatments significantly reduced the total number of galls, egg-masses and eggs in egg-masses especially, dried callus powder of N. oleander which applied singly or combined with oxamyl. The least values of reduction percentages of galls and eggs in egg-masses among all treatments were recorded from tomato plant received dried callus powders of L. esculentum applied alone or concomitant with oxamyl.

舞钢市水库堤坝白蚁危害调查报告

本文介绍了舞钢市25座水库中，除3座水库坝体未发现白蚁危害外，其余22座水库坝体上均有不同程度的蚁害，蚁害率高达88％，且部分水库因蚁害出现管涌、跌窝等险情。调查研究出在水库大坝迎水坡设诱杀堆，背水坡设置诱杀坑和鲜活迹象投放毒饵的组合模式并应用炭角茵准确判断巢位进行钻孔灌浆。该技术具有操作简单、使用安全、不污染环境、灭治效果显著的特点。