基于文字局部结构相似度量的开放集文字识别方法

开放集文字识别(Open-set text recognition,OSTR)是一项新任务,旨在解决开放环境下文字识别应用中的语言模型偏差及新字符识别与拒识问题.最近的OSTR方法通过将上下文信息与视觉信息分离来解决语言模型偏差问题.然而,这些方法往往忽视了字符视觉细节的重要性.考虑到上下文信息的偏差,局部细节信息在区分视觉上接近的字符时变得更加重要.本文提出一种基于自适应字符部件表示的开放集文字识别框架,构建基于文字局部结构相似度量的开放集文字识别方法,通过对不同字符部件进行显式建模来改进对局部细节特征的建模能力.与基于字根(Radical)的方法不同,所提出的框架采用数据驱动的部件设计,具有语言无关的特性和跨语言泛化识别的能力.此外,还提出一种局部性约束正则项来使模型训练更加稳定.大量的对比实验表明,本文方法在开放集、传统闭集文字识别任务上均具有良好的性能.

混合教学模式下监测与评价学生学习过程研究框架的建立

本文分析和研究了混合教学模式下学生学习过程的组成要素及其对课程目标达成的影响,确定了混合教学模式下可监测的学生学习过程组成要素以及采用的评价方法,搭建了混合教学模式下监测和评价学生学习过程的研究框架;将可监测到的学生学习过程要素融入研究框架,确定各要素在学生综合评价中的占比,为教学管理平台监测学生学习过程参数的优化以及公正合理监测和评价体系的建立提供参考资料。

Mathematical Debates as an Integral Part of the Learning Process

In this report, we want to touch upon two aspects of teaching mathematics in middle and high school. The first of them is the eternal question of how to teach, to motivate students and make them involved in the educational process, particularly in mathematics, where the most important factor is the natural gifts. The second aspect concerns the question which became very urgent in the modern world： what, in fact, we want to teach the students in a world over-saturated with information of any kind. As a result of the information blowup, two aspects emerge. On the one hand, straight passing over the skills and knowledge to the students becomes irrelevant today （just like a teacher or lecturer, merely speaking to an audience, who is not that relevant for young people, accustomed from childhood to perceive information through dynamic color visuals）. On the other hand, there is a change in emphasis in the objective function of the educational process from gaining knowledge to acquisition of skills of working with information, consideration and estimation, and choosing of the optimal strategy of a number of possibilities. This trend can be seen in the selection of problems in the international examination PISA （Program for international Student Assessment）, in the new curriculum in mathematics and in the selection of problems in the matriculation exams. These considerations （along with others） make teachers took for rtew forms of teaming, more appropriate to the demands of modernity. In this report we suggest the idea of using a mathematical competition called ＂Mathematical debate＂ （mathematical fight） as an integral part of the educational process at different levels of learning mathematics, as an appropriate tool.

Analysis of the application of a happy leaming method in college English classroom teaching

Emotional teaching is an important part of language teaching. In the teaching activities, teachers should exploit and make full use of students＇ emotional factors to arouse their learning interest and motivation and therefore to improve students＇ English level. The author proposes a teaching concept of happy learning method in college English classroom teaching according to their own teaching practice, the concrete implementation measures of happy learning method include： encourage students to take the group cooperative learning method, establish good emotional communication relations between teachers and encourage students to correct each other by inquiry discussion and so on.

An Empirical Study on the 1 ＋ 1 Model in College English Listening and Speaking Class

Improving college students＇ listening and speaking ability is a very important part of college English teaching Based on the foreign and domestic studies on how to improve students＇ listening and speaking ability, this paper explores the 1 ＋ 1 model in listening and speaking class, which is to divide the listening and speaking class into two parts--small speaking class combined with students＇ online autonomous learning. Through one-year experiment and study on two classes, although there is no significant difference between the performances of these classes, this study has shed some light on how to vary the teaching methods, how to improve the class efficiency, students＇ autonomy in leaming, and how to build new assessment system. Further studies could be made later based on this

Blended Learning and Applying New Tools and Services of E-Learning Support

The strengths and weaknesses of different online technologies and learning methods have been examined by combining the blended learning program with practical work on institutional e-learning projects. There are differences between the traditional e-learning system and the new E-Learning 2.0 training. At present time, the new technologies provided by Web 2.0 better correspond to the needs of both students and teaching staff. The new Web 2.0 allows the ＂promoting of individual creativity＂, together with the ＂use of collective intelligence＂. A comparison of the two development stages of the e-learning tools has been completed and the advantages of E-Learning 2.0 are shown. The main components of Web 2.0 are provided and the use ofwiki as an up-to-date collaboration tool for on-line teamwork is shown.

A Case Study of Oral English Teaching for College EFL Learners in China： Problems and Implications

Oral English teaching is not only an integral part of college English language teaching but also a crucial factor related to whether the language teaching goals can be achieved or not. This research has investigated the current situations and existing problems concerning oral English teaching on the basis of a case study of the authentic oral English classroom teaching at a city college in China. The findings and solutions may provide some implications for oral English language teaching at the college level in China.

Loan Words in Modem English and Their Features

English language, as a global language, is exerting greater influence on the world. It has been enlarging along with the development of the society, the progress of science and technology by the way of borrowing from other languages such as French, German, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, and Arabic in the fields of politics, culture, education, economics, science, and technology. Borrowing or loan word has become an important part in the process of English vocabulary acquisition. This paper studies modem English loan words, summarizes types of loan words, and makes a tentative analysis of their features with the attempt to facilitate English learning in an effective way.

Research on the Relationship of Grammar and English Learning

The grammar is an important part of English learning, but grammar learning has been a controversial topic in English learning profession, gone the process from worship to abandonment and then to a rational understanding. Firstly, this paper makes a brief introduction of the process, then introduces and discusses the significance, including sentence production, function of adjustment, fossilization solution, focusing on grammar phenomenon and grasping the components of language. Then, this paper presents two types of grammar, namely, tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Last, four approaches to obtain grammar ability are proposed.

The Role of EQ in EFL Students＇ Foreign Language Learning

EQ （Emotional Quotient） is considered a key component in foreign language learning. This study examined the relationship between EFL （English as a Foreign Language） students＇ EQ and learning strategies, English proficiency with EIS （Emotinal Intelligence Scale） and Strategy Inventory for Language Learning as well as students＇ tests in English listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were applied in the data processing. The subsequent data analysis reveals that there is significant relationship between EFL students＇ EQ and their learning strategies as well as English proficiency. The correlation between EQ and affective strategies and the correlation between EQ and English speaking proficiency are higher than others. The factors which contribute to the correlation are analyzed. Furthermore, it is suggested for EFL teachers to take measures to facilitate students＇ EQ in classroom teaching

Cultural Orientation Through Public Speaking Contests

Learning about culture is an integral part of learning a fbreign language. Participating in speech contests gives language learners a good opportunity to know more about the culture of the target language. Such contests allow students to learn how to write a speech for a particular audience, how to introduce a speaker, how to deliver a speech, and how to say ＂thank you＂ to the speaker. Participation in speech contests can promote insight and understanding through a comparison of American culture and the students＇ native culture. Such comparison is intended to promote better understanding of both cultures.

Neologism in News English

Neologism is an important part of News English whose analysis and studying is of great significance to English learning. It covers a wide range of topics varying from politics, economy, culture, war, science, and technology, with diverse genres ranging from news story, editorial to features, and review. This paper discusses the formation of neologisms in News English： abbreviation, compounding, derivation, loan words, analogy, and meaning transfer in the context of English news with the aim of facilitating language learners in learning English and better understanding world news as well as cultivating their cross cultural communication ability.

Assessment and Feedback

Assessment and learning must not be considered as two separate processes. In fact, assessment is an integral part of the learning process; it can be learning experience in itself. Active assessment strategies help students better understand the content they learn and develop skills that will be useful to them throughout their lives. Some of those skills are the ability to prepare effective oral and written reports and the ability to cooperate successfully with peers. Action research represents the process of systematic inquiry and it helps teachers to assess learning from the perspective of what they do in the classroom. The purpose is to find out ＂why＂ or ＂how＂ something happened the way it did. Therefore, a situation or problem should be carefully examined by a teacher. Teachers should analyze their own beliefs, values, and assumptions about teaching and learning, knowledge and curriculum, and how these impact the way they interact with students. Feedback should be used as part of assessment activities. Learning experience of students facilitated by teachers can be assessed through feedback.

Effective Learner-Lecturer Interaction Working With a Virtual Learning Environment

Using the Internet to learn a language creates wide opportunities to enhance learning （Association of teachers of English in Catalonia （APAC）, 2010）. The Internet activities promote learners＇ self-monitoring ability, encourage the use of multimedia and network technology, and develop students＇ cooperation and participation. During the latest years, there have been many changes in education as these new technologies, including VLEs （Virtual Learning Environments）, which have become an important part in the teaching/learning process. According to Tech Terms Computer Dictionary （2012）, VLE is a virtual classroom where teachers and students communicate. VLEs have evolved as at an early stage, they were only ways of transmitting information： Teachers uploaded the multimedia resources and students read this information. At a higher stage, VLEs have become interactive. This means that students become active. We have designed a virtual environment where students, weekly, must contribute their opinions and comments in response to a required activity uploaded by the teacher. In this paper, we describe this weekly task and analyze students＇ opinion about this planned activity. The students become an active subject in this field. In this paper, we show how VLEs are no longer a means of transmitting information but a means of interaction as well as a way of motivating our students to be involved in their learning process

The Features and Patterns of Revision Process in English Learners＇ Writing

Revision is an important part of writing process but it often baffles the researchers due to the difficulties in recording the revision process of students. Based on a self-made questionnaire and the online record of the revision process, this study describes the English learners＇ revision behaviors and process in their second semester of a two-year writing course. The analysis indicates that the English learners hold a positive attitude towards revision and but passive in resorting to outside sources for help. The source of the feedback has a great influence on their motivation of revision. On the other hand, although they use all types of revision operations, they concentrate on surface changes and simple operations.

Learner Autonomy:What Is Going on in Previewing by Non-English Majors?

预习是学生自主学习的一个重要组成部分,而且对课堂学习效果有很大的影响。本文报告了一项对非英语专业学生预习英语精读课文的研究。通过使用有声思维、回顾访谈和观察等方法,发现非英语专业学生在预习中能发挥自主性,主要体现在确定预习目的和预习材料,选择预习方法,预习中对所学内容监控和评价。虽然本研究中的英语成功学习者组和不成功学习者组都很重视课前预习,都能发挥自主性,但从外语学习的角度看,前者比后者更能有效地操控预习这个自主学习活动。根据研究结果,文章就英语教学和相关教材的编写提出了一些建议。