组织亚文化与领导者的调适策略

组织亚文化包括绿色亚文化、灰色亚文化和黑色亚文化。健康主文化与绿色亚文化将形成协调—促进关系、健康主文化与灰色亚文化将形成修改—替代关系、健康主文化与黑色亚文化将形成修改—替代关系、病态主文化与绿色亚文化将形成修改—替代关系、病态主文化与灰色亚文化将形成固化—恶化关系、病态主文化与黑色亚文化将形成恶化—解体关系。这就要求领导者要采取强制策略,坚决剔除亚文化中的不良成分和主文化中的病态因素;采取引导策略,纠正亚文化中灰色因素和不良导向;采取吸纳策略,吸收亚文化中的良性因素;采取完善策略,正视亚文化作用,完善主文化建设。

Organizational Citizenship Behavior,, Career Commitment and Collectivism in UAE A Paradigm Shift

UAE is considered as collectivistic as per many major studies on culture. The present study aims to find the effect of cultural orientatiotr---like individualism or collectivism on a person＇s organizational citizenship behavior （OCB） There are many studies related to collectivism and organization citizenship behavior as well as organization commitment and OCB. But most of these studies were done in a western context and is done years back. The present generation of UAE having undergone studies in management which is highly dominated by western philosophies and due to their interaction with diverse nationalities have evolved in their behavior. At this point it is necessary to investigate whether there is any shift in their behavior pattems based on collectivism. Career commitment has grown among UAE nationals in recent years due to high level of commitment from the government towards education and employment. Since OCB is more of an altruistic tendency within an individual, the study looks into the cultural difference within an individual like individualism or collectivism and its relationship with a person＇s OCB level among the employees in UAE. Career commitment is taken as a another variable. The study has made some interesting findings which show a shift from the previous studies that show a direct relationship using correlation analysis, between collectivism and organization citizenship behavior. The study found that there is no relationship between individualism or collectivism and organization citizenship behavior, but there is some relationship between career commitment and organization citizenship behavior factor loyal boosterism.

Successful Entrepreneurs： Its Leadership Style and Actual Practices

Entrepreneurs are facing pressures related to sustainability, quality assurance, and the ability to meet client expectations. Such pressures require effective leadership to lead, change, and improve enterprise performance in order to meet the demand for current and future business. Many of the new changes that are occurring in business today are transformational. They are driven by the environment and client need. The entrepreneur may not know the exact outcome at first, because it emerges throughout the process. It requires a fundamental change in their mindset and organizational culture, and requires continual course corrections to the change process. This research was conducted to help the aspiring entrepreneurs to develop and improve their leadership style. One hundred and fifty successful Bicolano entrepreneurs were surveyed and interviewed about their actual leadership styles and practices and this was the basis for developing a leadership program for aspiring or future entrepreneurs. Transformational leadership was the leadership style fairly often use of the successful entrepreneurs and this is characterized as being optimist about future of their business, enthusiastic about what needs to be accomplished, articulate a compelling vision of the future and expresses confidence that goals will be achieved.