恶性黑色素瘤组织学变异型与鉴别诊断

目的 研究恶黑的临床病理特点、组织学变异型及鉴别诊断。方法 应用HE染色、免疫组化标记对 130例恶黑形态学进行观察、分析临床资料 ,并划分组织学变异型。结果 根据病理形态学发现及免疫组化标记 ,130例恶黑组织学变异被分为上皮样型、肉瘤样型、癌肉瘤样型、促结缔组织增生型、小细胞型、血管周细胞样型、假腺样型、浆细胞样型、横纹肌样型、巨细胞样型、印戒细胞型、透明细胞型、气球样细胞型及炎性MFH样型。结论 恶黑的组织病理结构和形态变异复杂 ,细胞类型多 ,少色素、无色素及核仁模糊占大多数 ,有不同的病理类型 ,有时诊断很困难 ,应特别注意与多种类型肿瘤相鉴别。

涎腺上皮-肌上皮癌研究进展

涎腺上皮-肌上皮癌(epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, EMC)是少见的低级别涎腺恶性上皮性肿瘤,经典生长方式呈双相导管样结构,即由内层的导管上皮和外层的透明肌上皮组成,但两种细胞的比例、分化程度变化较大,使EMC组织学具有较大的异质性,易与其它双相分化的涎腺肿瘤和含有透明细胞的肿瘤混淆。该文对近年涎腺EMC的组织病理学、鉴别诊断和分子遗传学等研究进展做一综述。

食管小细胞癌30例临床X线分析

笔者报告30例有完整的临床，X线检查资料，并经手术及病理证实的食管小细胞癌。其发病率约占同期食管癌手术病例的2％左右，并探讨其临床及X线特点。

基于免疫组化的膀胱浸润性尿路上皮癌的分子分型

目的探讨用免疫组化法对膀胱浸润性尿路上皮癌进行分子分型的可操作性诊断方法和标准。方法对197例膀胱浸润性尿路上皮癌行CK7、GATA3、FOXA1、CK20、CK14、CD44、CK5/6、p53、Ki-67等9种尿路上皮癌常用免疫组化染色,分析各项免疫组化标记表达的相关性,以及与各组织学变异的相关性,从中选择可用于分子分型的抗体和模式。结果FOXA1和CK20可作为腔面型癌的标记;CK14、CK5/6、CD44可作为基底样型癌的标记。浸润性尿路上皮癌的组织学变异中,腺样、微乳头、浆细胞样和巢状变异大多为FOXA1和CK20表型的腔面型癌,约占76.8%(43/56);而鳞样、肉瘤样变异大多为CK14、CK5/6、CD44表型的基底样型癌,约占93.1%(27/29)。结论联合使用5种常规免疫组化标记(FOXA1、CK20和CK14、CK5/6、CD44)检测膀胱浸润性尿路上皮癌,结合其形态学特征可将膀胱浸润性尿路上皮癌大致分为腔面型和基底样型癌两种类型。

无色素性恶性黑色素瘤7例报道并文献复习

目的:探讨无色素性恶性黑色素瘤(AMM)病理形态学特征、免疫表型特点及鉴别诊断。方法:应用HE染色、免疫组化标记对7例无色素性恶性黑色素瘤(AMM),进行临床资料分析、形态学和组织结构特点的观察。结果:肿瘤组织结构上出现束状、巢状、腺泡状、腺样,形态学上出现梭形细胞、上皮样细胞、横纹肌样细胞、巨细胞、小细胞;免疫组化标记:Vimentin、S-100、HMB45、Melan-A阳性,Syn阳性1例,CgA阳性1例,其中1例Ki-67阳性细胞数达10%,CK、LCA、CD68、SMA、CD21、CD34均阴性。结论:恶性黑色素瘤的组织结构和形态学复杂多样,无色素性恶性黑色素瘤更是增加了诊断的难度,免疫组织化学对其诊断和鉴别诊断有重要价值。

Endotoxin receptor CD14 gene variants and histological features in chronic HCV infection

AIM:To analyze the correlation between CD14 rs2569190/C-159T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and disease progression in chronic hepatitis C.METHODS: Liver biopsy specimens from a total of 137 and 349 patients with chronic hepatitis C were separately evaluated with respect to necroinflammatory activity (grading) and architectural changes (staging). In one group, further histological lesions characteristic for hepatitis C, hepatitis C virus subtypes, and biochemical parameters of liver disease were also investigated. Samples of genomic DNA were genotyped for the respective SNP by 5'-nuclease assays using fluorescent dye-labeled allele-specif ic probes.RESULTS: Genotype distribution did not deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In the first group, patients homozygous for the variant allele T were found to be younger than C allele carriers (39.6±12.5 vs 45.7±11.5, P=0.008). Among the histological lesions studied, portal lymphoid aggregates were more frequently observed among TT homozygotes than among C carriers (21/37 vs 32/100, P=0.008). The presence of portal lymphoid aggregates was closely correlated with hepatic inflammation (P=0.003) and with bile duct damage (P<0.001). The degree of fibrosis, in contrast, was not found to be related to the CD14 gene C-159T polymorphism.CONCLUSION: The data suggest a possible relationship between CD14 C-159T polymorphism and the formation of portal lymphoid aggregates, but not liver fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C.

Comparison of Generic Organization of the Research Paper in English and Polish： Cross-Cultural Variation and Pedagogical Implications

This paper provides a comparative analysis of the rhetorical structure and linguistic features of research papers written in English and Polish languages within the field of medicine. The study was based on a corpus of 30 research articles： 15 written by native English speakers and 15 by non-native speakers-Polish researchers. The outcomes of this investigation indicate some discrepancies in rhetorical structure between the research papers. An explanation for the cross-cultural differences which seem to be responsible for these discrepancies, and an enumeration of pedagogical implications for the use of a corpus-based approach to generic analysis in English for Specific Purposes （ESP） classes, are also provided.

甲状腺乳头状癌的变异型

甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）组织学变异型众多，大部分变异型与典型乳头状癌有相似的临床行为，但有少数变异型预后较差，如高细胞变异型、柱状细胞变异型、实体／梁状变异型等；且有一些变异型在诊断上有争议，如滤泡变异型易误诊为滤泡腺瘤、透明细胞变异型可能与肾细胞癌混淆、诊断高细胞变异型所需的高细胞的比例和细胞高度有分歧意见等。