A．M．丁泽尔与布里斯托物理学的崛起──关于科学家－组织家角色的一个案例分析

Ａ．Ｍ．丁泽尔与布里斯托物理学的崛起──关于科学家－组织家角色的一个案例分析赵万里，张家治在现代科学史上，有两类科学领导人的作用无法替代：一类是科学家－教育家，另一类是科学家，组织家。在本世纪上半叶英国物理学舞台上，卢瑟福堪称前一类领导人的杰出代表（...

论甘孜彝族家支的特点与作用

甘孜彝族家支的特点是家支与家谱有密切的联系。家谱以父子联名的方式，记载家支的繁衍、分布情况，是认定家支的重要依据；家支的作用是，在奴隶社会里，黑彝奴隶主靠其家支组织来维护奴隶制度。在社会主义社会里，黑彝 的家支组织与白彝家支组织一样，已不再具有政权机构的作用。在新社会里彝族的家支活动有促进本家支成员间团结协助的积极作用，但是有时也会出现一些消极现象，需要予以适当的节制与引导。

日本家族制度影响下的家元制

家元制是构成日本文化社会的重要组织,是日本传统家族制度在艺道等领域的投射和再现。通过介绍日本的家元制、日本的家族结构,阐述家元制是从亲属关系原则衍生到次级团体中的产物,是对家族制度的模拟和复制,而家元组织在结构、管理、继承形式等各方面都具有拟家族制度的特征。

重组葡激酶对家兔颈动脉血栓的溶栓作用

目的 :探讨重组葡激酶对颈动脉血栓的溶栓作用。方法 :将 34只兔制成富纤维蛋白的颈动脉血栓 ,分组静脉滴注生理盐水、重组链激酶和不同剂量的重组葡激酶 ,记录并分析血流量描记幅值、溶栓开始时间等指标。结果 :重组葡激酶组溶栓开始时间较生理盐水组明显缩短 ,溶栓后血管开放的时间显著延长。结论 :在本实验剂量范围内的重组葡激酶具有一定的溶解富纤维蛋白血栓的效果 ,其药效及副作用相似于阳性对照药。

草根学者贾芝教授四大贡献

论述贾芝的高尚人格,自谦"草根学者",评介四方面卓越贡献:组织家的贡献,编辑家的贡献,理论家的贡献,民间文化外交家的贡献。

日本经连会信任关系的演化与生成

信任关系是网络组织形成的核心要素,是保障网络内部合作有序进行的必要条件。分析日本经连会的演化过程、组织特质及影响因素,认为它是一种基于共同的价值观念与道德标准而建构成的网络组织,是一种由政府、银行和企业共同参与的多元化分工协作体系。缘约原则、自发社会性和社会资本构成了经连会内部成员间信任关系的文化基础,其源头则是中国的儒家思想,文化的相似性也为中国的网络组织建设从中获得启示提供了有利条件。

浅谈引渡主体扩大化的争议

引渡是一项重要的刑事司法制度。随着引渡实践的不断加强,引渡制度也有了很大的发展。国际社会出现了一种新的、向非主权国家移交犯罪嫌疑人的情形,例如向国际刑事法院的移交。有一部分学者因此认为引渡的主体已经逐渐超越了主权国家的限制,扩大到非主权国家于是引发了关于引渡主体扩大化的争议。

Contributions of Chinese Botanists to Plant Tissue Culture in the 20th entury

This paper looks back to the development of plant tissue culture in China in the last century. Since 1934, tissue culture studies in China has kept up with the international development in the fields. Progress has been made by Chinese in nearly every branches of tissue culture, including in vitro organogenesis, shoot tip culture, anther culture, ovary culture, endosperm culture, protoplast culture as well as mass cell culture. On the basis of reviewing the articles written by Chinese on plant tissue culture, the internationally recognized contributions are specially mentioned. The applications of plant tissue culture to agriculture and industry in China are also introduced.

Seismogenic fault and topography control on the spatial patterns of landslides triggered by the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake

Jiuzhaigou National Park, located in northwest plateau of Sichuan Province, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and one of the most popular scenic areas in China. On August 8, 2017, a Mw 6.5 earthquake occurred 5 km to the west of a major scenic area, causing 25 deaths and injuring 525, and the Park was seriously affected. The objective of this study was to explore the controls of seismogenic fault and topographic factors on the spatial patterns of these landslides. Immediately after the main shock, field survey, remote-sensing investigations, and statistical and spatial analysis were undertaken. At least 2212 earthquake-triggered landslides were identified, covering a total area of 11.8 km^2. Thesewere mainly shallow landslides and rock falls. Results demonstrated that landslides exhibited a close spatial correlation with seismogenic faults. More than 85% of the landslides occurred at 2200 to 3700 m elevations. The largest quantity of landslides was recorded in places with local topographic reliefs ranging from 200 to 500 m. Slopes in the range of ~20°-50° are the most susceptible to failure. Landslides occurred mostly on slopes facing east-northeast(ENE), east(E), east-southeast(ESE), and southeast(SE), which were nearly vertical to the orientation of the seismogenic fault slip. The back-slope direction and thin ridge amplification effects were documented. These results provide insights on the control of the spatial pattern of earthquake-triggered landslides modified by the synergetic effect of seismogenic faults and topography.

Earthquake-triggered landslides affecting a UNESCO Natural Site：the 2017 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake in the World National Park,China

On August 8^(th), 2017, an Ms 7.0 magnitude earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, northern Sichuan Province, China. The Jiuzhaigou Valley World National Park was the most affected area due to the epicentre being located in the scenic area of the park. Understanding the distribution characteristics of landslides triggered by earthquakes to help protect the natural heritage sites in Jiuzhaigou Valley remains a scientific challenge. In this study, a relatively complete inventory of the coseismic landslides triggered by the earthquake was compiled through the interpretation of high-resolution images combined with a field investigation. The results indicate thatcoseismic landslides not only are concentrated in Rize Gulley, Danzu Gully and Zezhawa Gully in the study area but also occur in the front part of Shuzheng Gully along the road network(from the entrance of Jiuzhaigou Valley to Heye Village). The landslides predominantly occur on the east-and southeastfacing slopes in the study area, which is a result of the integrated action of the valley direction and fault movement direction. The back-slope effect and the slope structure caused the difference in coseismic landslide distribution within the three gullies(Danzu Gully, Rize Gully, and Zezhawa Gully) near the inferred fault. In addition, the topographic position index was used to analyse the impact of microlandforms on earthquake-triggered landslides by considering the effect of the slope angle. The study results reveal a higher concentration of landslides in the slope position class of the middle slope(30°-50°) in Jiuzhaigou Valley. These findings can provide scientific guidance for the protection of natural heritage sites and post-disaster reconstruction in Jiuzhaigou Valley.

Nurse-staffing level and quality of acute care services:Evidence from cross-national panel data analysis in OECD countries

Background:Most of previous studies aimed to estimate the effect of nurse staffing on quality of acute hospital care have used stochastic methods and their results are mixed.Objective:To measure the magnitude of effect of nurse-staffing level on increasing quality of acute care services in long-run.Data:The number of practicing nurses'density per 1000 population as the proxy of nurse-staffing level and three Health Care Quality Indicators(HCQI)included 30-day mortality per 100 patients based on acute myocardial infarction(MORTAMIO),hemorrhagic stroke(MORTHSTO)and ischemic stroke(MORTISTO)were collected as a part of ongoing project by OECD.org in panels of 26 OECD countries over 2005-2015 period.Method:Panel data analysis.Results:There were committed relationships from nurse-staffing level to the enhancement of HCQI i.e.1%increase in nurse-staffing level would reduce the rates of patient mortality based on MORTAMIO,MORTHSTO and MORTISTO by 0.65%,0.60%and 0.80%,respectively.Furthermore,the role of nursestaffing level in increasing overall HCQI were simulated at the highest level in Sweden(-3.53),Denmark(-3.31),Canada(-2.59),Netherlands(-2.33),Finland(-2.09),Switzerland(-1.72),Australia(-1.64)and United States(-1.53).Conclusion:A higher proportion of nurses-staffing level is associated with higher quality of acute care services in OECD countries.Also,the nursing characteristics of Sweden,Denmark,Canada,Netherlands,Finland,Switzerland,Australia and United States would be good patterns for other countries to maximize nursing outcomes in the care of patients with acute and life-threatening conditions by reducing the risk of complication,mortality and adverse clinical outcomes.

Hepatic expression and cellular distribution of the glucose transporter family

Glucose and other carbohydrates are transported into cells using members of a family of integral membrane glucose transporter (GLUT) molecules. To date 14 members of this family, also called the solute carrier 2A proteins have been identified which are divided on the basis of transport characteristics and sequence similarities into several families (Classes 1 to 3). The expression of these different receptor subtypes varies between different species, tissues and cellular subtypes and each has differential sensitivities to stimuli such as insulin. The liver is a contributor to metabolic carbohydrate homeostasis and is a major site for synthesis, storage and redistribution of carbohydrates. Situations in which the balance of glucose homeostasis is upset such as diabetes or the metabolic syndrome can lead metabolic disturbances that drive chronic organ damage and failure, confirming the importance of understanding the molecular regulation of hepatic glucose homeostasis. There is a considerable literature describing the expression and function of receptors that regulate glucose uptake and release by hepatocytes, the most import cells in glucose regulation and glycogen storage. However there is less appreciation of the roles of GLUTs expressed by non parenchymal cell types within the liver, all of which require carbohydrate to function. A better understanding of the detailed cellular distribution of GLUTs in human liver tissue may shed light on mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis. This review summarises the available literature on hepatocellular expression of GLUTs in health and disease and highlights areas where further investigation is required.

Impact of IL28B and OAS gene family polymorphisms on interferon treatment response in Caucasian children chronically infected with hepatitis B virus

AIM To investigate the impact of IL28 B and OAS gene polymorphisms on interferon treatment responses in children with chronic hepatitis B.METHODS We enrolled 52 children(between the ages of 4 and 18) with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB), who were treated with pegylated interferon alfa for 48 wk. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the OAS1(rs1131476), OAS2(rs1293747),OAS3(rs2072136), OASL(rs10849829) and IL28B(rs12979860, rs12980275 and rs8099917) genes were studied to examine their associations with responses to IFN treatment in paediatric patients. We adopted two criteria for the therapeutic response, achieving an hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA level < 2000 IU/m L and normalization of ALT activity(< 40 IU/L). To perform the analyses, we compared the patients in terms of achieving a partial response(PR) and a complete response(CR) upon measurement at the 24-wk posttreatment follow-up. RESULTS The PR and CR rates were 80.8% and 42.3%, respectively. Factors such as age, gender and liver histology had no impact on the type of response(partial or complete). A statistically significant relationship between higher baseline HBV DNA and ALT activity levels and lower rates of PR and CR was shown(P < 0.05). The allele association analysis revealed that only the IL-28 B rs12979860(C vs T) and IL28 B rs12980275(A vs G) markers significantly affected the achievement of PR(P = 0.021, OR = 3.3, 95%CI: 1.2-9.2 and P = 0.014, OR = 3.7, 95%CI: 1.3-10.1, respectively). However, in the genotype analysis, only IL-28 B rs12980275 was significantly associated with PR(AA vs AG-GG, P = 0.014, OR = 10.9, 95%CI: 1.3-93.9). The association analysis for CR showed that the TT genotype of IL28 B rs12979860 was present only in the no-CR group(P = 0.033) and the AA genotype of OASL rs10849829 was significantly more frequent in the noCR group(P = 0.044, OR = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.07-0.88). The haplotype analysis revealed significant associations between PR and CR and OAS haplotype(P = 0.0002 and P = 0.001, respectively), but no association with IL28 B haplotype was observed.CONCLUSION IL28 B and OAS polymorphisms are associated with different clinical outcomes in CHB children treated with interferon.

Expression Differences of Flavonoid Synthase Ⅰ(BmFNS Ⅰ)in the Tissues of Bombyx Mori with Sex-identified Fluorescent Cocoon Color

Expression differences of flavonoid synthase I（BmFNS I）gene in the midgut,silk gland and fat body of the male and female Bombyx Mori with sex-identified fluorescent cocoon color were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.The result showed that the relative expression level of BmFNS I gene in midgut of Bombyx Mori was the highest,followed by that in fat body,and the expression level in silk gland was the lowest,indicating that BmFNS I gene played an important role in flavonoids anabolism in mulberry leaves,which was the food of silkworm.However,there was no significant difference in BmFNS I gene expression level between midguts of male and female Bombyx Mori species with sex-identified fluorescent cocoon color,suggesting that there was no difference in flavonoids anabolism of mulberry leaves between the male and female Bombyx Mori with sex-identified fluorescent cocoon color,at least no difference in flavonoids anabolism regulated by FSN I gene.

Jew-Hatred in the Islamic State Organization＇s （ISIS） Ideology

In October 2015, an ISIS member speaking fluent Hebrew warned that soon there would be no Jews left in Jerusalem or in the rest of the land called ＂Israel＂. The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria （ISIS） will fulfill this mission according this Salafi-Jihadism group. ISIS ideology holds that it is first necessary to fight against the near enemy （the Arab states） but the last apocalyptic battle will be with the Jews （the far enemy）. The purpose of this article is to reveal and present the development of Jew-hatred fi＇om al-Qa＇ida and up to the present doctrine oflSIS.

Restructuring and Sustainability-Corporate Strategy of Commercial Bank in Thailand： A Siam Commercial Bank

This article presents a case study of the Siam Commercial Bank （SCB） by investigating why and how SCB implemented organizational restructuring during the uncertain economic environment, and gives an overview of the Thai commercial bank industry. This article presents and discusses SCB＇s strategy implementation in its organization during 1997-2010. This case study is aimed to provide some guidelines for other companies in developing and in choosing strategies for their business sustainability in the global change, and in choosing the implementation of their organization structure for competitive markets.

Digestive oncologist in the gastroenterology training curriculum

Until the late 1980s, gastroenterology (GE) was considered a subspecialty of Internal Medicine. Today, GE also incorporates Hepatology. However, Digestive Oncology training is poorly defined in the Hepatogastroenterology (HGE)-curriculum. Therefore, a Digestive Oncology curriculum should be developed and this document might be a starting point for such a curriculum. HGE-specialists are increasingly resisting the paradigm in which they play only a diagnostic and technical role in the management of digestive tumors. We suggest minimum endpoints in the standard HGE-curriculum for oncology, and recommend a focus year in the Netherlands for Digestive Oncology in the HGE-curriculum. To produce welltrained digestive oncologists, an advanced Digestive Oncology training program with specific qualifications in Digestive Oncology (2 years) has been developed. The schedule in Belgium includes a period of at least 6 mo to be spent in a medical oncology department. The goal ofthese programs remains the production of well-trained digestive oncologists. HGE specialists are part of the multidisciplinary oncological teams, and some have been administering chemotherapy in their countries for years. In this article, we provide a road map for the organization of a proper training in Digestive Oncology. We hope that the World Gastroenterology Organisation and other (inter)national societies will support the necessary certifications for this specific training in the HGE-curriculum.

Yom Kippur War Influence at the PLO Recognition and the Palestinian Problem

On November 1973, about one month after the cease-fire at the end of the Yom Kippur War, the Arab League decided that the Palestine Liberation Organization （PLO） was the sole representative of the Palestinian people. This article examines the contribution of the PLO to the war effort of the Arab countries during the Yom Kippur War, the influence of the war upon the Palestinian problem, the Palestinian military contribution to the Arab war effort, Jordan＇s non-participation in the Yom Kippur War and the Egyptian attempt to include the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people in future negotiations with Israel and the U.S. which enabled the PLO recognition as the Palestinians sole representative for 30 years.

竞逐天下之建立篇

《天下贰》的游戏宗旨是：修身、齐家。治国、平天下。平天下当时是最重要的一个环节。在《天下贰》里．玩家组织不同于其他游戏，不叫帮会教派．而是用了一个澎湃人心的字眼——”势力”。要想争霸天下，要想网尽人才．这第一步就是建立起自己的势力。

A Family--The Tension and the Satisfaction

Family members solve not only their interests, but make provision for interests of other members of the family, too. The space for the control at a higher level is thus formed. Without notifying, individual members in the process of provision making proceed depending on general rules of the organisation of elements into higher structures, as they exist in all stable objects. This provision making has different forms, starting with the love and ending with an assisted coexistence. The understanding of the role of individual controlling structures allows to improve the functioning of the family. Similarly, as a regular discussion of its functioning in the family and perhaps, their controlled casting by some of partners, too. The submitted work describes roles and the control in the elementary family--in the childless coexistence of partners.