医学组织工程学是以医学,生命科学和工程学相结合的原理和方法,去认识研究人类生命机体的生理和疾病状态组织的结构及其功能的关系,它综合了生物材料学、细胞生物学、生物化学、生物医学工程学、人造组织器官及器官移植等学科的一门新...医学组织工程学是以医学,生命科学和工程学相结合的原理和方法,去认识研究人类生命机体的生理和疾病状态组织的结构及其功能的关系,它综合了生物材料学、细胞生物学、生物化学、生物医学工程学、人造组织器官及器官移植等学科的一门新兴的交叉、边缘性学科.医学组织工程学是80年代末期由美国兴起、发展起来的学科.医学组织工程学的基本概念是 1987年由美国麻省理工学院化学系 Robert Langer和波士顿儿童医学院Joseph P. Vacanti正式提出至今仅10多年,但是它在保障人类健康,对疾病的预防、诊治和康复等医学领域起了巨大作用.以下主要介绍生物材料学:生物材料学是研究和生物系统结合,用于诊断、治疗或替换机体内的组织、器官;或增进其功能的,有关医用材料.第六届国际生物材料年会对生物材料一词定义是:“生物材料学是植入躯体活系统或与活系统结合的一种物质,它与躯体不起药理反应.”生物材料科学泛指:与人体组织、体液、血液接触和相互作用,而对人体无毒副作用,不凝血,不溶血,不引起细胞突变,畸形和癌变,不引起免疫排斥反应的一类材料.实质上,生物材料学是一种特殊的功能材料,要求具有生物相容性及可替代活组织的某些功能,是一类与人类生命和健康密切相关的新型材料.展开更多
The increasing shortage of donors and the adverse effects of immunosuppression have restricted the impact of solid organ transplantation.Despite the initial promising developments in xenotransplantation,roadblocks sti...The increasing shortage of donors and the adverse effects of immunosuppression have restricted the impact of solid organ transplantation.Despite the initial promising developments in xenotransplantation,roadblocks still need to be overcome and this form of organ support remains a long way from clinical practice.While hepatocyte transplantation may be effectively correct metabolic defects,it is far less effective in restoring liver function than liver transplantation.Tissue engineering,using extracellular matrix scaffolds with an intact but decellularized vascular network that is repopulated with autologous or allogeneic stem cells and/or adult cells,holds great promise for the treatment of failure of organs within gastrointestinal tract,such as endstage liver disease,pancreatic insufficiency,bowel failure and type 1 diabetes.Particularly in the liver field,where there is a significant mortality of patients awaiting transplant,human bioengineering may offer a source of readily available organs for transplantation.The use of autologous cells will mitigate the need for long term immunosuppression thus removing a major hurdle in transplantation.展开更多
Long-segment defects remain a major problem in clinical treatment of tubular tissue reconstruction.The design of tubular scaffold with desired structure and functional properties suitable for tubular tissue regenerati...Long-segment defects remain a major problem in clinical treatment of tubular tissue reconstruction.The design of tubular scaffold with desired structure and functional properties suitable for tubular tissue regeneration remains a great challenge in regenerative medicine.Here,we present a reliable method to rapidly fabricate tissueengineered tubular scaffold with hierarchical structure via 4-axis printing system.The fabrication process can be adapted to various biomaterials including hydrogels,thermoplastic materials and thermosetting materials.Using polycaprolactone(PCL)as an example,we successfully fabricated the scaffolds with tunable tubular architecture,controllable mesh structure,radial elasticity,good flexibility,and luminal patency.As a preliminary demonstration of the applications of this technology,we prepared a hybrid tubular scaffold via the combination of the 4-axis printed elastic poly(glycerol sebacate)(PGS)bio-spring and electrospun gelatin nanofibers.The scaffolds seeded with chondrocytes formed tubular mature cartilage-like tissue both via in vitro culture and subcutaneous implantation in the nude mouse,which showed great potential for tracheal cartilage reconstruction.展开更多
Protein has been widely used for fabricating patterned structures since it is one of the most important macromolecules in living organisms,and protein patterns possess potential applications in many fields such as med...Protein has been widely used for fabricating patterned structures since it is one of the most important macromolecules in living organisms,and protein patterns possess potential applications in many fields such as medical diagnosis,tissue engineering,biosensors,and medical screening.At present,there are two fashions to fabricate protein patterns:one is grafting the protein to the microstructure which is prepared by micro-fabrication techniques;the other one is achieving the patterned protein structures directly.Here we provide an overview on current status of the fabrication techniques and the applications of the protein patterns,and then give an outlook on the development of the fabrication techniques and the prospective applications of the protein patterns in future research.展开更多
文摘医学组织工程学是以医学,生命科学和工程学相结合的原理和方法,去认识研究人类生命机体的生理和疾病状态组织的结构及其功能的关系,它综合了生物材料学、细胞生物学、生物化学、生物医学工程学、人造组织器官及器官移植等学科的一门新兴的交叉、边缘性学科.医学组织工程学是80年代末期由美国兴起、发展起来的学科.医学组织工程学的基本概念是 1987年由美国麻省理工学院化学系 Robert Langer和波士顿儿童医学院Joseph P. Vacanti正式提出至今仅10多年,但是它在保障人类健康,对疾病的预防、诊治和康复等医学领域起了巨大作用.以下主要介绍生物材料学:生物材料学是研究和生物系统结合,用于诊断、治疗或替换机体内的组织、器官;或增进其功能的,有关医用材料.第六届国际生物材料年会对生物材料一词定义是:“生物材料学是植入躯体活系统或与活系统结合的一种物质,它与躯体不起药理反应.”生物材料科学泛指:与人体组织、体液、血液接触和相互作用,而对人体无毒副作用,不凝血,不溶血,不引起细胞突变,畸形和癌变,不引起免疫排斥反应的一类材料.实质上,生物材料学是一种特殊的功能材料,要求具有生物相容性及可替代活组织的某些功能,是一类与人类生命和健康密切相关的新型材料.
文摘The increasing shortage of donors and the adverse effects of immunosuppression have restricted the impact of solid organ transplantation.Despite the initial promising developments in xenotransplantation,roadblocks still need to be overcome and this form of organ support remains a long way from clinical practice.While hepatocyte transplantation may be effectively correct metabolic defects,it is far less effective in restoring liver function than liver transplantation.Tissue engineering,using extracellular matrix scaffolds with an intact but decellularized vascular network that is repopulated with autologous or allogeneic stem cells and/or adult cells,holds great promise for the treatment of failure of organs within gastrointestinal tract,such as endstage liver disease,pancreatic insufficiency,bowel failure and type 1 diabetes.Particularly in the liver field,where there is a significant mortality of patients awaiting transplant,human bioengineering may offer a source of readily available organs for transplantation.The use of autologous cells will mitigate the need for long term immunosuppression thus removing a major hurdle in transplantation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB1105602 and 2017YFC1103900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21574019, 81320108010, 81571823 and 81871502)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (18ZR1401900)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program (LZA2019001)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai (17DZ2260100 and 15DZ1941600)the Program for Shanghai Outstanding Medical Academic Leaderthe Program of Shanghai Technology Research Leader
文摘Long-segment defects remain a major problem in clinical treatment of tubular tissue reconstruction.The design of tubular scaffold with desired structure and functional properties suitable for tubular tissue regeneration remains a great challenge in regenerative medicine.Here,we present a reliable method to rapidly fabricate tissueengineered tubular scaffold with hierarchical structure via 4-axis printing system.The fabrication process can be adapted to various biomaterials including hydrogels,thermoplastic materials and thermosetting materials.Using polycaprolactone(PCL)as an example,we successfully fabricated the scaffolds with tunable tubular architecture,controllable mesh structure,radial elasticity,good flexibility,and luminal patency.As a preliminary demonstration of the applications of this technology,we prepared a hybrid tubular scaffold via the combination of the 4-axis printed elastic poly(glycerol sebacate)(PGS)bio-spring and electrospun gelatin nanofibers.The scaffolds seeded with chondrocytes formed tubular mature cartilage-like tissue both via in vitro culture and subcutaneous implantation in the nude mouse,which showed great potential for tracheal cartilage reconstruction.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21221063,91123031)National Basic Research Program of China (973 project,2012C13933800)
文摘Protein has been widely used for fabricating patterned structures since it is one of the most important macromolecules in living organisms,and protein patterns possess potential applications in many fields such as medical diagnosis,tissue engineering,biosensors,and medical screening.At present,there are two fashions to fabricate protein patterns:one is grafting the protein to the microstructure which is prepared by micro-fabrication techniques;the other one is achieving the patterned protein structures directly.Here we provide an overview on current status of the fabrication techniques and the applications of the protein patterns,and then give an outlook on the development of the fabrication techniques and the prospective applications of the protein patterns in future research.
