铁路综合管理维修体制的机构和动作

本文结合石长线益阳综合管理维修中心的具体设计，提出综合管理维修体制的组织机构，并对综合维修可能采取的管理机制进行了探讨。

Multi-level access control model for tree-like hierarchical organizations

An access control model is proposed based on the famous Bell-LaPadula （BLP） model.In the proposed model,hierarchical relationships among departments are built,a new concept named post is proposed,and assigning security tags to subjects and objects is greatly simplified.The interoperation among different departments is implemented through assigning multiple security tags to one post, and the more departments are closed on the organization tree,the more secret objects can be exchanged by the staff of the departments.The access control matrices of the department,post and staff are defined.By using the three access control matrices,a multi granularity and flexible discretionary access control policy is implemented.The outstanding merit of the BLP model is inherited,and the new model can guarantee that all the information flow is under control.Finally,our study shows that compared to the BLP model,the proposed model is more flexible.

Clinical features of AIDS patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma with isolated bone marrow involvement:report of 12 cases at a single institution

Objective： To study the main clinical and histopathological features of 12 patients with Hodgkin＇s lymphoma （HL） diagnosed primarily from bone marrow （BM） involvement. Methods： We included 12 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） patients with HL assisted in the F. J. Mufiiz Infectious Diseases Hospital since January 2002 to December 2013. The diagnosis of ilL with primary BM involvement in patients was confirmed by clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings. Results： All patients presented ＂B＂ symptoms and pancytopenia. All of them had stage IV neoplasm disease because of BM infiltration. The median of CD4＋ T-cell counts was 114 cells/μL, and mixed cellularity （MC） was the most frequent histopathological subtype of 92% cases. Conclusion： When other causes are excluded, BM biopsy should be performed in AIDS patients with ＂B＂ symptoms and pancytopenia to evaluate BM infiltration by atypical lymphocytes.

Computer aided modeling and pore distribution of bionic porous bone structure

Artificial bone with porous structure is crucial for tissue scaffold and clinic implants.Scaffold provides structure support for cells and guides tissues regeneration for final tissue structure.A computational aided process of porous bone modeling was developed which described the design and fabrication of tissue scaffolds by considering intricate architecture,porosity and pore size.To simulate intricate bone structure,different constructive units were presented.In modeling process,bone contour was gotten from computed tomography(CT)images and was divided into two levels.Each level was represented by relatively reconstructive process.Pore size distribution was controlled by using mesh generation.The whole hexahedral mesh was reduced by unit structure,when a 3D mesh with various hexahedral elements was provided.The simulation results show that constructive structure of porous scaffold can meet the needs of clinic implants in accurate and controlled way.

The Role of Storytelling in Personal Knowledge Convey

The relative difficulty of capturing and conveying knowledge is determined on the diversity of knowledge types. It is necessary to interpret the consciously capturing process of the knowledge that is formed unconsciously. Storytelling is important in the capturing and conveying of tacit knowledge. Culture, structure, system, and the knowledge holders within the organization also affect the transfer of personal knowledge. The company M, has successfully created knowledge based on transfer of personal knowledge by leveraging the organization mechanism ＂The board of advisors＂. In order to elucidate the process, the author analyzed the recordings of the passing on contents using the protocol analysis.

Annual Reports of Non-profit Organizations （NPOs）： An Analysis

Non-profit organizations （NPOs） in Malaysia are not subjected to statutory requirement to follow the accounting standards when preparing their annual reports. This study analyzed the annual reports of 100 NPOs registered with the Registry of Society （ROS） under the charity and religious categories. The objectives of this study are： （1） to determine the current state of reporting practices by NPOs; and （2） to describe the contents of a set of annual reports and the financial statement presentation of NPOs. This study found that there were variations in reporting practices among the charity and religious categories of NPOs. On average, the results show that NPOs do not focus on the disclosing information required by the ROS, the governing body of NPOs. This indicates that the regulators need to strongly practice enforcement to strengthen the compliance of the annual reports submission. Overall, the findings of this study provide useful information to regulators as a basis for preparing and presenting NPOs＇ annual report framework in the future.

Innovations and Regional Development in Non-Profit Sector of the Czech Republic

The aim of this study is to present one of the possibilities of innovations focused on regional development in the non-profit sector. The primary basis shows the way to eliminate or remove the problem fields, the so-called non-profit organizations failures such as philanthropic insufficiency, philanthropic paternalism, philanthropic amateurism and philanthropic particularism. These present the final values and provide conclusions of the Analysis of Non-profit Non-governmental Organisations of Zlin Region. The current situation reveals the longstanding problem of non-profit non-governmental organizations, which is the absence of professional marketing staff, and suggests new possibilities for university graduates＂ application on the labour market, thus creating the essential platform for new approaches in designing educational programs. Non-profit organizations should therefore pay increasing attention to addressing both general public and particularly the youth since young people may be their future volunteers, employees, donors and sympathizers.

ssues of Human Beings Trafficking in Albania

The theme of trafficking of human beings treats one of the most severe and dangerous criminal phenomena of the organized crime in Albania. The objects of this paper are： human trafficking; ways of trafficking; risk of Albanian society; and investment of the criminal benefits deriving from trafficking in legal economic activities, it is of great importance for the treatment of proactive investigations to the trafficking of human beings. Another important aspect of the trafficking investigations is the investigation of criminal assets and the way how they are used in the economy of the country. In this paper, we stress that the investigation of criminal assets benefited by the crime of trafficking human beings as well as other wealth financed by these assets is important as the investigation of the criminal activity of trafficking itself. Also, we aim to evaluate the necessity of acting of all law enforcement agencies and other state institutions in order to be successful in the fight against the crime of trafficking of human beings. At the end of this paper, we do treat the necessity and the ways of collaboration of law enforcement agencies, NGOs, and structures of local government for rehabilitation of the victims of trafficking and their integration in the social life.

The Status of Human Immuno-deficiency Virus （HIV） Infection among Youth Aged 15-24 Years in Malawi and Kenya

HIV （Human Immuno-deficiency Virus） prevalence in Malawi is one of the highest in the world, with 10.3% of population living with HIV. Kenya has a prevalence rate of 6% and with 1.6 million people living with HIV infection. The broad objective of the study was to assess the proportion of youth aged 15-24 years affected by HIV in Malawi and Kenya. This was a descriptive study design. Data were mainly collected from reports from government, World Bank, World Health Organization and UN agencies. Graphs, tables and charts have been used to present statistics. Data for specific age cohort were hard to find and hence, data were used for general HIV and AIDS with special attention to the youth where possible. In Kenya, HIV prevalence among young women jumps three folds from 2.8% of 15-17 year olds to 8.3% among 23-24 year olds. In Malawi, around 2,100 young people and adolescents are infected with HIV every day. In 2013, four million young people aged 15-24 were living with HIV, with 29% aged under 19 years. This age group includes school going youths, newly employed, economically productive and sexually active group. HIV prevalence in Malawi has been declining over time among persons aged 15-19 years from 16.4% in 1999 to 11.8 % in 2004 to 10.6% in 2010 and 10.3% in 2016. However, in Kenya, the trend of HIV prevalence reached its peak of 10.55% in 1995-1996 after which it declined to 6.7% in 2003 and has been stable since then.

A Kind of Sustainable Craft Making： Equal and Flexible Participation in Piecing Acehnese Hat

Terms of sustainable and sustainability have been employed in various sectors and fields since around 1990. To make a society sustainable needs to find ways of having sustainable local activities. The ways may be to find and revitalize local resources, or to support new life styles by accepting outsider＇s new ideas. I see those ways often taken from a perspective that the ways require a structure or institutional organization. To explore in-between ways, it would be better to have an alternative perspective and useful to learn from Southeast Asian cases of managing diversity while accepting new ways （cf. Reid, 2015）. In this essay, I focus on a sustainable craft making of a men＇s hat kopiah meuketob in Aceh, Sumatra, which is traditional item for marriage but has been used in various imaginative ways and has been shaping a regional ＂craft-scape.＂ I examine such ways and various facets of making the hat and conclude that a lesson from the case for making things sustainable is equal and flexible ways of participating in production processes.

Effects of mechanical activation on the structural changes and microstructural characteristics of the components of ferruginous quartzite beneficiation tailings

The effects of mechanical activation in a planetary mill on the structural changes and microstructural characteristics of the components of ferruginous quartzite beneficiation railings generated by wet magnetic separation process were studied using X-ray and laser diffraction methods. The results revealed the relationship between variations in the mean particle size of activated powders and the milling time. The crystallite size, microstrain, lattice parameters and unit cell volumes were determined for different milling times in powder samples of quartz, hematite, dolomite, and magnetite from the beneficiation tailings. The main trends in the variation of the crystallite size of quartz, hematite, dolomite, and magnetite as a function mean particle size of powder samples were revealed. Changes in the particle shape as a function of the activation time was also investigated.

Value Creation of Business Process Management （BPM） and Managerial Accounting System （MAS）： A Case Study

This paper explores the value creation of business process management （BPM） and managerial accounting system （MAS） using a case study. The findings show that BPM shortens the management chain and increases the connections among functions in the organization by right reassignment. Accounting indicators in MAS provide necessary information about business processes, which assists performance evaluation in BPM, and meanwhile, incentive schemes give enough motives, which guide employees to take actions in accordance with the organizational strategies and processes＇ goals. The information effect and motive effect of MAS increase employees＇ work satisfaction and their cooperation with each other. In the end, the integration of BPM and MAS improves the organizational economic performance, thus creating value for the organization. The results explain the reason why so much BPM fails in practice, because right assignment, performance evaluation system, and incentive schemes constitute organizational architecture, which is critical to organizational value. Additionally, the value creation of BPM and MAS depends on their coordination with the external environment, the internal situation, and the organizational strategy. From the view of managerial accounting perspective, MAS not only changes with the organization development but also facilitates the organization development.

General Elements of the ICAO-International Civil Aviation Organization Activities

The International Civil Aviation Organization （ICAO） is a specialized agency of the United Nations. Functionally, it has emerged as the organizational necessity of both the universal complex structure and the importance of its overall activity. It was created on the basis of Article 57 of the United Nations Charter, stipulating that the specialized UN agencies are autonomous international organizations. They enjoy their autonomy on the basis of the contract they were established by, being engaged in activities within the United Nations system. On the territories the organization member states comprise, they enjoy privileges and immunities, having the international legal capacity to carry out their activities in accordance to the Statute. The 1944 Multilateral Convention was to establish both protection and efficient development of international civil aviation. In accordance to that rights and obligations of member states were established. It is of a special importance to emphasize obligation of parties to take their parts in both co-operation and programs aimed at improvement of international transport, navigational equipment, and installations. In the globalized world of today, air traffic is an irreplaceable part of the system of communication. It enables fast and timely business contacts between the people from various continents, as well as transport of goods.

Methodology for Obtaining Electricity-Price Patterns in Customer Response Programs

The main objective of electricity regulators when establishing electricity markets is to decrease the cost of electricity through competition. However, this scenario cannot be achieved without a full participation of the electricity demand by reacting against electricity prices. The aim of this research is to develop tools for helping customers and aggregators to join price and demand response programs, while helping them to hedge against the risk of short-term price volatility. In this way, the capacity of and hybrid methodology （Self-Organizing Maps and Statistical Ward＇s Linkage） to classify high electricity market prices is analysed. Besides, with the help of Non-Parametric Estimation, some price-patterns were found in the abovementioned clusters. The contained knowledge within these patterns supplies customer market-based information on which to base its energy use decisions. The interest for this participation of customers in markets is growing in developed countries to obtain a higher elasticity in demand. Results show the capability of this approach to improve data management and select coherent policies to accomplish cleared demand offers amongst different price scenarios in a more flexible way.

Examining Construction Quality Supervision and Organization Procedures for BOT Projects by Comparing with DBB Projects

Adopting the BOT （build-operate-transfer） delivery method has brought opportunities and challenges in construction time and quality for urban infrastructure. Many studies investigate the upstream issues of BOT projects such as concessionaire selection criteria and risk factors. But the project execution becomes complicated such as the escalated quality supervision organization and procedure at the construction stage. This extra supervision may have constituted hidden redundancies as waste to economic sustainability. This paper investigated construction quality supervision of BOT projects to pinpoint adequate degree of supervision and detect redundant organization and procedures. The study adopted ten subway construction projects as cases in which five were from the traditional design-bid-build （DBB） and five from the BOT methods. Thirty six project participants including owners, contractors, designers, and concessionaire managers of the ten projects were interviewed to tell their views on these issues. The quality supervision measures of the DBB projects were used as the baseline and compared with those of the BOT projects. The research results show that the construction quality seems no difference for the DBB and BOT projects. Construction quality comes out of supervision but excessive supervision organization and procedures do not necessarily improve quality. This finding indicates that adequate degree of supervision is enough to achieve required quality to save immense paperwork for large construction projects.

Series.the university English four, six level of test examination management in institutions of higher education

college English test band 4 and band 6 is a national examination, the examination organization work is particularly important in this article, through combing the examination link, and takes the examination of the foreign affairs college as an example summarizes work experience, and examination work for the future optimization put forward opinions and Suggestions, in order to achieve the purpose of better service for the teaching service for students.

Long noncoding RNAs as Organizers of Nuclear Architecture

In the eukaryotic cell nucleus, chromatin and its associated macromolecules must be organized into a higher-ordered conformation to function normally. However, mechanisms underlying the organization and dynamics of the nucleus remain unclear. Long noncoding RNAs(lnc RNAs), i.e., transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with little or no protein-coding capacity, are increasingly recognized as important regulators in diverse biological processes. Recent studies have shown that some lnc RNAs are involved in various aspects of genome organization, including the facilitation of chromosomal interactions and establishment of nuclear bodies, suggesting that lnc RNAs act as general organizers of the nuclear architecture. Here, we discuss recent advances in this emerging and intriguing field.

Small onion-like BN leads to ultrafine-twinned cubic BN

Nanotwinned cubic boron nitride(nt-cBN) with remarkable hardness, toughness, and stability has attracted widespread attention due to its distinct scientific and industrial importance. The key for nt-cBN synthesis is to adopt an onion-like BN(oBN) nano-precursor and induce phase transition under high pressure. Here, we found that the size change of oBN used greatly affected the mechanical performance of products. With the precursor size decreasing from^320 to 90 nm, the Vickers hardness of nanostructured products improved from 61 to 108 GPa, due to the fact that large oBN nanoparticles possessed more flattened, orderly and graphite-like shell layers, in sharp contrast to the highly wrinkled and imperfect layers in small-diameter nanoparticles, thus resulting in the apparent reduction of ultrafinetwin substructure in the synthetic products. This study reveals that only small oBN precursor could produce complete ultrafine nt-cBN with outstanding performance. A practical route was proposed to further improve the performance of this important material.

Institutional experience of PTH evaluation on fine-needle washing after aspiration biopsy to locate hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue

Assaying parathyroid hormone(PTH) in the washing liquid after fine-needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) seems to be a valid approach to locate parathyroid tissue.PTH-FNAB was evaluated in 47 patients with a clinical picture of primary hyper-parathyroidism(PHP) and ultrasonography(US) suggestive of parathyroid lesion.The patients were subdivided into two groups on the basis of the absence or presence of US thyroid alterations.The result of PTH-FNAB was compared with those of cytology,scintigraphy and,in 24 patients,surgical outcome.PTH-FNAB samples with a value higher than that recorded in the serum and higher than our institutional cut-off were deemed to be probable samples of parathyroid tissue.Cytology proved diagnostic for benign thyroid lesions,non-diagnostic for thyroid lesions,hyperplastic parathyroid tissue,undetermined or malignant thyroid lesions and other lesions in 45%,30%,17%,4%,and 4% of cases,respectively.In 47% of cases,PTH-FNAB indicated that the sample had been taken in parathyroid tissue.In patients without US alterations,the diagnostic accuracy of PTH-FNAB was greater than that of scintigraphy.After surgery,comparison between the results of PTH-FNAB and scintigraphy,in terms of positive predictive value(PPV),revealed the superiority of PTH-FNAB;PPV was 94% for FNAB and 71% for scintigraphy,while sensitivity was 83% and 69%,respectively.PTH-FNAB evaluation after FNAB appears to be more diagnostic than cytology and scintigraphy.Of all the procedures used,PTH-FNAB appears to be the method of choice when the target is US suggestive and reachable.PTH-FNAB appears to be a useful method of guiding surgical intervention.

Evaluating Efficiency of Decision Making Units with Network Structures

This paper considers the problem of evaluating efficiency of Decision Making Units （DMUs） with network structures of divisions by the Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） model. All divisions in the network are under a decentralized authority organiza- tion. That is, each division in a decision making unit has its own authority to adjust its input and output. By incorporating the division operations in the DEA model, we discuss the sufficient and necessary conditions for a DMU to be network efficient in series structure and general structure respectively.