重组AcMNPV感染家蚕后造成宿主组织液化的机制分析

杆状病毒的组织蛋白酶(V-CATH)和几丁质酶(V-CHIA)是病毒感染宿主后造成宿主组织液化的关键酶。家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)感染家蚕后会导致宿主组织的液化,而苜蓿银蚊夜蛾核型多角体病毒(AcMNPV)感染家蚕后不会造成宿主组织的液化。为了分析AcMNPV不造成家蚕宿主组织液化的原因,利用Bac-to-Bac系统将BmNPV的v-cath(Bmcath)、v-chiA(BmchiA)同时或分别重组到AcMNPV的极晚期强启动子p10和polh下游,并以同样的方法将AcMNPV的v-cath(Accath)、v-chiA(AcchiA)同时或分别重组到AcMNPV的p10和polh下游,从而构建6种重组AcMNPV。结果显示6种重组AcMNPV均能感染家蚕,并造成家蚕宿主组织的液化,说明重组AcMNPV中v-cath和v-chiA的过量表达在病毒对家蚕组织液化过程中发挥了重要作用。通过对感染6种重组AcMNPV之间的蚕体液化发生时间和液化率进行比较,发现相对于v-chiA,v-cath对组织液化的作用可能更加直接。检测比较感染AcMNPV和重组AcMNPV家蚕血淋巴中的组织蛋白酶和几丁质酶活性,两种酶的活性均随v-cath和v-chiA基因拷贝数的增加而增加。AcMNPV感染后不会造成家蚕宿主组织液化可能是由于病毒的组织蛋白酶活性太低,而不是由Bmcath和Accath、BmchiA和AcchiA之间的序列差异造成的。

伊曲康唑致甲床根部组织液化一例报告

患者，男，50岁，因甲床真菌病来院就诊．予伊曲康唑（斯皮仁诺)胶囊(西安杨森制药有限公司)冲击疗法，第一疗程剂量100毫克×14粒。病人自行用药，每日一次，每次100毫克，14日后停药。约两周后，患者有两个病指甲和四个病趾甲的甲床根部出现肿胀、疼痛，自行挑开其一．有淡黄色澄明液体流出，来院复诊。

蝶形胶布牵拉合并方纱填塞治疗剖宫产术后腹部伤口脂肪液化50例

目的探讨蝶形胶布拉合并方纱填塞治疗剖宫产术后腹部伤口脂肪液化的临床疗效。方法将剖宫产术后腹部伤口脂肪液化患者106例按随机数字表法分为两组,A组50例,术后7 d拆线后拉紧切口切缘对合用蝶形胶布固定并用方纱填塞,伤口每天换药;B组56例,每天换药,尽量挤净切口渗液,用75%乙醇及50%葡萄糖注射液纱布交替湿敷,直到切口干燥,拆除缝线。结果两组均痊愈。A组术后住院(11±3)d少于B组的(15±8)d,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),住院总费用A组少于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论蝶形胶布拉合并方纱填塞是处理剖宫产术后腹部伤口脂肪液化的一种有效方法。

GIIGNL碳中和LNG框架解读及其影响

为规范碳中和LNG贸易,2021年11月国际液化天然气进口商组织(GIIGNL)发布了《监测、报告及核证和温室气体中和LNG框架》。该框架采用一系列行业已有的标准和方法,综合考虑LNG全产业链产生的温室气体排放,提出了阶段声明、温室气体足迹、温室气体抵消、温室气体抵消与削减计划和温室气体中和5种可供选择的碳中和LNG声明方式,系统阐述完成符合该框架要求的碳中和LNG声明的具体步骤。采用该框架开展碳中和LNG贸易实践,应尽可能使用温室气体排放计量一手数据并披露使用比例,碳抵消需符合该框架标准且相关信息需充分披露,碳中和LNG声明应参考该框架编制的模板且经过独立第三方的核证。GIIGNL发布的这份框架是目前全球LNG行业内标杆式的碳中和LNG实践规范,有助于明显缓解相关方对于碳中和LNG的质疑,推动碳中和LNG交易持续发展,未来可能成为全球LNG行业碳中和LNG交易准则。建议相关企业重视对GIIGNL框架的学习和理解,积极在GIIGNL框架下开展碳中和LNG交易和参与GIIGNL框架的修订工作。

15例腿部软组织挫伤后并发皮下积液治疗体会

目的:探讨腿部挫伤后并发皮下积液如何选择最优治疗措施。方法:选取2010年我科15例腿部软组织挫伤后并发皮下积液的患者进行治疗,采用了皮下穿刺抽液加压包扎和切开引流2种方法治疗。结果:采用皮下瘀血穿刺抽液加压包扎的患者全部未治愈,而采用切开引流的患者全部治愈,但小腿愈合的时间要比大腿长。结论:腿部挫伤后,小腿胫骨前侧最易发生瘀血的液化或软组织的液化,采用穿刺抽液及加压包扎的方法对这种外伤性皮下积液无明显治疗效果,采用切开引流的方法治疗这种外伤性皮下积液疗效是肯定的,但胫骨前侧的患者治愈时间较长。

浅谈手术切口脂肪液化的危险因素及防治措施

目的:探讨手术切口发生脂肪液化的危险因素及防治措施。方法:从我院1996年6月～2010年6月手术后发生切口脂肪液化的病例中随机抽取60例作为实验组,从同一时段内未发生切口脂肪液化的手术病例中随机抽取60例作为对照组,并将这两组进行对比分析。结果:导致脂肪液化的危险因素中,除基础疾病及切口长度两项无显著性差异外(P>0.05),年龄、体型、使用电刀、切口类型等危险因素均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:手术切口发生脂肪液化的危险因素较多,充分做好围手术期的准备工作和规范地进行手术操作。可减少或避免发生切口脂肪液化。

Microstructure characteristics and liquation behavior of fiber laser welded joints of Mg-5Zn-1Mn-0.6Sn alloy sheets

Fine-grained Mg?5Zn?1Mn?0.6Sn alloy sheets of2mm in thickness were welded by fiber laser welding.The appearanceand microstructures of the welding joints and liquation behaviors in the partially melted zone(PMZ)were investigated.The resultsshow that,with the lower welding power and higher welding speed,the width and depth of the joints decrease.Moreover,some poresare detected at a very high welding speed.There are two kinds of liquation phenomena in the PMZ.One is the liquation networkalong grain boundaries associated with the liquation of substrate and segregation-induced liquation,the other is the molten poolinvolved with the liquation of the residual second phases at the boundaries.However,the liquation of substrate and thesegregation-induced liquation are the main liquation mechanism in the PMZ.

Protection of Veratrum nigrum L.var.ussuriense Nakai alkaloids against ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat liver

AIM： TO investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of Veratrum nigrum L. var. ussuriense Nakai alkaloids （VnA） on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury in rats. METHODS： Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups （n = 10 in each）： （A） Control group （the sham operation group）; （8） I/R group （pretreated with normal saline）; （C） Small-dose （10 μg/kg） VnA pretreatment group; （D） Large-dose （20 μg/kg） VnA pretreatment group. Hepatic ischemia/ reperfusion （Hepatic I/R） was induced by occlusion of the portal vein and the hepatic artery for 90 min, followed by reperfusion for 240 min. The pretreatment groups were administered with VnA intraperitoneally, 30 min before surgery, while the control group and I/R group were given equal volumes of normal saline. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity and nitric oxide （NO） content in the liver tissue at the end of reperfusion were determined and liver function was measured. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） and E-selectin （ES） were detected by immunohistochemical examinations and Western blot analyses. RESULTS： The results showed that hepatic I/R elicited a significant increase in the plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT： 74.53 ± 2.58 IU/L vs 1512.54 ± 200.76 IU/L, P 〈 0.01） and lactic dehydrogenase （LDH： 473.48 ± 52.17 IU/L vs 5821.53 ± 163.69 IU/L, P 〈 0.01）, as well as the levels of MPO （1.97 ± 0.11 U/g vs 2.57 ± 0.13 U/g, P 〈 0.01） and NO （69.37 ± 1.52 μmol/g protein vs 78.39 ± 2.28 μmol/g protein, P 〈 0.01） in the liver tissue, all of which were reduced by pretreatment with VnA, respectively （ALT： 1512.54 ± 200.76 IU/L vs 977.93 ± 89.62 IU/L, 909.81 ± 132.76 IU/L, P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.01; LDH： 5821.53 ± 163.69 IU/L vs 3015.44 ± 253.01 IU/L, 2448.75 ± 169.4 IU/L, P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.01; MPO： 2.57 ± 0.13 U/g vs 2.13 ± 0.13 U/g, 2.07 ± 0.05 U/g, P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.01; NO： 78.39 ± 2.28 μmol/g protein vs 71.11 ± 1.73 μmol/g protein, 68.58 ± 1.95 μmol/g protein, P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）. The activity of SOD （361.75 ± 16.22 U/rag protein vs 263.19 ± 12.10 U/rag protein, P 〈 0.01） in the liver tissue was decreased after I/R, which was enhanced by VnA pretreatment （263.19 ± 12.10 U/rag protein vs 299.40 ± 10.80 U/rag protein, 302.09 ＋ 14.80 U/rag protein, P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.05）. Simultaneously, the histological evidence of liver hemorrhage, polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration and the overexpression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin in the liver tissue were observed, all of which were attenuated in the VnA pretreated groups. CONCLUSION： The results demonstrate that VnA pretreatment exerts significant protection against hepatic I/R injury in rats. The protective effects are possibly associated with enhancement of antioxidant capacity, reduction of inflammatory responses and suppressed expression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin.

Effect of ECAP process on liquid distribution of AZ80M alloy during semi-solid isothermal heat treatment

Two kinds of semi-solid samples of AZ80−0.2Y−0.15Ca(wt.%)(AZ80M)magnesium alloy were prepared by semi-solid isothermal heat treatment of materials with and without equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)process.The microstructures of initial and semi-solid treated samples were compared and analyzed.The results showed a significant difference in the liquid phase distribution between three-pass ECAP processed(3P)and as-received samples during the isothermal heating process.The semi-solid 3P sample showed a more uniform liquid distribution due to its smaller dihedral angle.Besides,the coarsening processes of solid grains of as-received and 3P samples were dominated by the coalescence and Ostwald ripening mechanism,respectively.The difference of coarsening processes was mainly related to the proportion of the high-angle grain boundaries in materials,which further affected the evolution behavior of the liquid pools.

Hyperhomocysteinemia and hypercoagulability in primary biliary cirrhosis

AIM： To assess the hypercoagulability in PBC and its relationship with homocysteine （HCY） and various components of the haemostatic system. METHODS： We investigated 51 PBC patients （43F/8M; mean age： 63±13.9 yr） and 102 healthy subjects （86 women/16 men, 63±13 yr）, and evaluated the haemostatic process in whole blood by the Sonoclot analysis and the platelet function by PFA-100 device. We then measured HCY （fasting and after methionine loading）, tissue factor （TF）, thrombin-antithrombin complexes （TAT）, D-dimer （D-D）, thrombomodulin （TH）, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 plasma levels. C677T 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase （HTHFR） polymorphism was analyzed. RESULTS： Sonoclot RATE values of patients were significantly （P〈 0.001） higher than those of controls. Sonoclot time to peak values and PFA-100 closure times were comparable in patients and controls. TAT, TF and HCY levels, both in the fasting and post-methionine loading, were significantly （P〈0.001） higher in patients than in controls. Vitamin deficiencies were detected in 45/51 patients （88.2%）. The prevalence of the homozygous TT677 MTHFR genotype was significantly higher in patients （31.4%） than in controls （17.5%） （P〈 0.05）. Sonodot RATE values correlated significantly with HCY levels and TF.CONCLUSION： In PBC, hyper-HCY is related to hypovitaminosis and genetic predisposing factors. Increased TF and HCY levels and signs of endothelial activation areassociated with hypercoagulability and may have an important role in blood clotting activation.

Distribution of Bacteria Injected in Body of Giant Black Shrimp, Penaeus Monodon

Distribution of injected Vibrio anguillarum in body of Penaeus monodon was studied with immunohistochemical method. Bacteria could be detected throughout the experiment in some individuals; however in lymphoid tissue, gill, heart and haemolymph of all vibrio injected shrimp, the bacteria could be observed only 5 min after injection. The bacteria density in haemolymph, haemolymph of the hepatopancreas and gills decreased with time. In the lymphoid organ and heart, the bacteria density was the highest 48 h after injection, then decreased. Nodules could be formed in the heart, lymphoid organ and injection site.

Corrosion behavior of bulk two-phase Ag-25Cu alloys with different microstructures in NaCl aqueous solution

In order to have a better understanding on the corrosion mechanisms of bulk two-phase Ag-25Cu (at.%) alloys with different microstructures, two bulk nanocrystalline Ag-25Cu alloys and one coarse grained counterpart were prepared by liquid phase reduction (LPR), mechanical alloying (MA) and powder metallurgy (PM) methods, respectively. Their corrosion behavior was investigated comparatively using electrochemical methods in NaCl aqueous solution. Results show that the microstructure of the coarse grained PMAg-25Cu alloy is extremely inhomogeneous. On the contrary, compared with PMAg-25Cu alloy, the microstructures of the nanocrystalline LPRAg-25Cu and MAAg-25Cu alloys are more homogeneous, especially for LPRAg-25Cu alloy. The corrosion rate of MAAg-25Cu alloy is higher than that of PMAg-25Cu alloy, but lower than that of LPRAg-25Cu alloy. Furthermore, the passive films formed by three Ag-25Cu alloys exhibit n-type semiconducting properties. The passive current density of LPRAg-25Cu alloy is lower than that of PMAg-25Cu alloy, but higher that of MAAg-25Cu alloy.

Carbon Monoxide Exposure during Cooking in Households： A Case of Dares Salaam City, Tanzania

Exposure to CO （carbon monoxide） during cooking in households using LPG （liquefied petroleum gas）, natural gas and charcoal as fuels has been conducted. The study aimed at assessing the indoor air quality in order to address potential hazards associated with CO. Carbon monoxide concentrations and flame temperature were measured at an interval of 1 min for 1 h using CO and thermometer data loggers respectively. While the CO concentration from LPG and natural gas were found below 26 ppm for 1 h, as recommended by WHO （World Health Organization） standards, the average CO concentration from charcoal exceeded the standard limit. In addition closing the kitchen door during cooking increased the CO concentration from 26-295 ppm to 92-597 ppm. According to WHO, the observed CO concentrations from charcoal stove highlights questionable life support atmosphere. It can therefore be suggested that switching to LPG or natural gas from charcoal will reduce CO exposure to persons during cooking.

Effect of Zinc Sulfate against the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus with Reference to Their Histological Changes on the Larval Midgut and Adult Reproductive System

The red palm weevil Rhynchophorusferrugineus is the most important insect pest for the date palm trees in the Middle East and Gulf states. Zinc sulfate （ZnSOa＇H20） was toxicologically, biologically and physiologically evaluated as insect development disruptors against the RPW. LCs0 of Zinc sulfate against 10 days old larvae was 0.566%, 3% concentration inhibited the larvae from feeding. LCs0 concentration of zinc sulfate solution was capable to disrupting growth, development and reproduction of R. ferrugineus. Growth and development disruptions are resulted from larval feeding on the treated diet that causing percentage of mortality rate, retardation in larval and pupal duration, percentage of pupation, adults emergence, reduction in deposited eggs that laid by the resulting adults and in the egg fertility. The study further reveals that Zinc sulfate effects on histological structure of epithelial cells of the larval midgut including separation and elongation of their cells, rupture in the peritrophic membrane and in some microvilli and some degeneration of the surrounding muscles. Histological changes also was observed on the adults ovary, in this way, disrupt female gamete production through their action on the accumulation of yolk granules （vitellogenesis） and follicular epithelial cells. Disruption of male gamete production was detected by disorganized of testicular cysts and depopulation of these cysts in addition to degeneration in germ cells. Zinc sulfate may be used among other control methods by injection into the tree trunk or as fertilizer around the tree roots which in turn may have an indirect effect for controlling the RPW.

Effect of Bushenyisui Formula on brain tissue apoptosis and Bcl-2 in beta-amyloid protein-induced Alzheimer's disease rat models

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of Bushenyisui Formula on cell apoptosis and positive B cell lym- phoma （Bcl-2） in the Brain of rat models of Alzheim- er＇s disease （AD） induced by beta-amyloid protein （All3） and the mechanism underlying the effect. METHODS： Total of 40 SD rats, 20 females and 20 males, were randomly assigned to 4 groups, con- trolled group （A）, model group （B）, conventional treatment group （C） and Bushenyisui Formula treat- ment （BYFT） group （D）, 10 rats in each group. AI3 1-42 was injected into the bilateral hippocampus of the rats in group B, C and D to create the models of AD. Sham operation was performed on the rats of group A in the same way by injecting equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution into their bilateral hippocampus. 5 days after operation, Bushenyisui Formula was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 450 mg/kg to the rats of group D （QD） for 20 days. Equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution was intraperitoneally injected into the rats of group B with the same procedure. C suspension （20 mg/mL） was intraperitoneally injected into the rats of group B with the same procedure. The number of apoptot- ic cells in Brain and the positive Bcl-2 were count- ed. The changes of learning and memory abilities were evaluated using Y-maze. RESULTS： Right after the establishment of the mod- els, group B, C and D compared to group A respec- tively, the outcomes of Y-maze were significantly different from that of group A, which suggested ob- vious learning and memory disorder in those groups （P〈0.01）. After treatment, the times of elec- tronic shocks of group C and D were significantly less than that of group B （P〈0.05）, and the numbers of apoptotic cells and positive Bcl-2 were signifi- cantly different from those of group B, apoptotic sells＇ number of group C and D smaller than that of group B and the number of positive Bcl-2 greater than that of group B. CONCLUSION： Bushenyisui Formula could increase the number of Bcl-2 in brain, which improved the function of nervous system pertaining to learning and memory abilities.