7475铝合金ECAP变形及组织热稳定性

研究 7475铝合金等径弯曲通道变形及组织的热稳定性。结果表明 ,5 2 3和 5 73K多道次BC 方式ECAP变形 ,7475铝合金真应变达～ 12 ,平均晶粒尺寸达到 0 3 μm和 0 5 μm。ECAP变形后获得的亚微晶组织 ,在 5 73K退火直到 8h、62 3K下退火1h、673K下退火 3 0min时 ,平均晶粒尺寸仍保持在亚微晶状态。试验条件下制备的亚微晶组织与室温ECAP组织相比 ,具有更好的组织热稳定性。

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织热稳定性

在焊后热处理过程中,搅拌摩擦焊接头焊核区细小的再结晶晶粒在高温下极不稳定,很容易发生晶粒异常长大降低接头性能。研究2024铝合金和7075-2024异质铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织热稳定性,结果发现:增大搅拌头转速、降低焊速有利于提高接头组织热稳定性,接头焊核区晶粒尺寸差异越小,第二相粒子尺寸越小,密度越大,接头组织热稳定性越好;降低固溶温度或缩短固溶时间可以降低晶粒异常长大程度,但接头力学性能将发生下降。对于3 mm厚2024铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头,在ω=2 500 r/min,v=20 mm/min的焊接参数下,495℃-30 min固溶处理后接头无明显晶粒异常长大现象。对于1.5 mm厚7075-2024异质铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头,在ω=2 500 r/min,v=50 mm/min的焊接参数下,450℃-20 min固溶处理后接头晶粒异常长大基本得到控制,接头强度达到母材的90%。研究结果表明优化焊接工艺参数和焊后热处理工艺参数能获得较好的晶粒异常长大抑制效果,为铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织性能调控提供参考。

ECAP法制备纯铜的组织与性能

研究了纯铜等径角挤压后的组织及性能。结果表明:室温下BC方式10道次ECAP(Equal Chan-nel Angular Pressing)后,得到均匀、细小的等轴晶,平均晶粒尺寸为0.75μm,硬度从78.7 HV上升到185.3 HV。通过对不同ECAP道次后的退火试样的硬度测量和观察组织发现,ECAP 8道次试样在433 K发生静态再结晶,且随ECAP道次的增加,开始再结晶的温度降低,再结晶软化的速率增加。说明大变形后纯铜的热稳定性下降。

PROPERTY AND THERMOSTABLITY STUDY ON TC6 TITANIUM ALLOY NANOSTRUCTURE PROCESSED BY LSP

TC6 titanium alloy samples are processed by laser shock peening （LSP）. Then, some samples are vacu- um annealed at 623 K for 10 h for the study on the thermost.ablity of the nanostructure produced by LSP. The characteristics of the strengthened layer and nanostructure are studied by atomic force microscopy（AFM）, scan- ning electron microscope （SEM）, electron backscatter diffraction（EBSD）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, and transmis- sion electron microscopy（TEM） appliances, meanwhile the enhanced microhardness is tested at cross section. AFM of the processed surface indicates that the deformation is approximately uniform, and LSP slightly increases the roughness. SEM and EBSD of the strengthened cross section show that a phases are compressed to strip- shaped, a proportion of a and ~ phases is shattered to smaller phases from surface to 200 ttm in depth. The sur- face XRD shows that although there is no new produced phase during LSP, the grain size refinement and the in- troduction of lattice micro-strains lead to the broadened peak. The TEM photographs and diffraction patterns in- dicate that the shock wave provides high strain rate deformation and leads to the formation of nanocrystal. Com- pared with the samples before annealing, the dislocation density is lower and the grain-boundary is more distinct in the annealed samples, but the nanocrystal size does not grow bigger after annealing. The microhardness measurement indicates that LSP improves the microhardness of TC6 for about 12.2% on the surface, and the layer affected by LSP is about 500/~m in depth. The microhardness after annealing is 10 HVo.5 lower, but the affected depth does not change. The thermostable study shows that the strengthened layer of TC6 processed by LSP is stable at 623 K. The strengthened thermostable layer can significantly improve the fatigue resistance, wear resis- tance and stress corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy. The study results break the USA standard AMS2546 that titanium parts after LSP are subjected in subsequent processing within 589 K.

Microstructure, hardness evolution and thermal stability of binary Al-7Mg alloy processed by ECAP with intermediate annealing

A binary Al-7Mg alloy was processed by equal channel angular pressing （ECAP） at room temperature via route Bc, combined with intermediate annealing. After 6 passes, a high hardness of HV218 is achieved. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） observations demonstrate that ECAP leads to a significant grain refinement and ultrafine grains down to 100-200 nm are developed after 5 or 6 passes. X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis indicates that the major part of Mg atoms are in solid solution in the deformed material, and the possible strengthening effect of Mg solute atom clusters or precipitates is neglected. The high hardness of the 6 pass-treated materials comes mainly from grain boundary strengthening, which contributes about 41% to the total strength, while dislocations and Mg solid solution contribute about 24% and 35% to the remaining strength, respectively. Also, the thermal stability of this severely deformed material was investigated by hardness measurements. The material is relatively stable when annealed at a temperature lower than 250 ℃, while annealing at 300 ℃ leads to a rapid softening of the material.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ZA62 based magnesium alloys with calcium addition

As-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-2Al-0.3Mn (ZA62) alloys with calcium addition were investigated.The as-cast microstructure of the base alloy ZA62 consists of the α-Mg matrix and eutectic phase Mg51Zn20.The Mg51Zn20 eutectic was gradually replaced by MgZn phase and Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase when calcium is added into the base alloy.Further addition of calcium leads to the increase of grain boundary phases and formation of a new quaternary Mg-Zn-Al-Ca eutectic compound.In comparison with the base alloy,the increase of calcium addition to the base alloy results in the reduction of both strength and ductility at ambient temperature,but increase at elevated temperatures due to the thermal stability of Ca-containing phases.At elevated temperatures,the creep resistance of ZA62 based alloys containing calcium is significantly higher than that of AZ91 which is the most commonly used magnesium alloy.

Effect of alloying elements on thermal stability of nanocrystalline Al alloys

The effect of incorporating limited-diffusivity elements such as Fe and Ti on thermal stability of the nanocrystalline Al alloy was investigated.Al−10wt.%Fe and Al−10wt.%Fe−5wt.%Ti alloys were fabricated.The initial mixtures of powders were milled for 100 h in vacuum.The bulk samples were fabricated from the milled powders in a high frequency induction heat sintering(HFIHS)system.The milled powders and the bulk sintered samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Vickers microhardness,field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM-EDS)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The observations indicated that Fe and Ti were completely dispersed in the matrix to form a supersaturated solid solution(SSSS)with Al.Additionally,the inclusion of alloying elements led to an increase in hardness and yield strength of the alloy by 127%and 152%,respectively.The elevated temperature compression tests were carried out to evaluate the thermal stability of the alloys.The Al−10wt.%Fe−5wt.%Ti alloy revealed the optimum thermally stable behavior of the three alloys studied.The incorporation of Fe and Ti improved the thermal stability of the developed alloys through inhibiting the grain growth,hindering dissolution and growth of second phases(such as Al13Fe4 and Al13Ti),and forming a stable solid solution.

Thermal stability of biological tissues and their behavior in cold conditions： A mathematical model

This paper presents an application of finite element method to study the thermoreg- ulatory behavior of three layers of human dermal parts with varying properties. The investigation of temperature distributions in epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue together with Crank-Nicholson scheme at various atmospheric conditions was carried out. The finite element method has been applied to obtain the numerical solution of gov- erning differential equation for one-dimensional unsteady state bioheat equation using suitable values of parameters that affect the heat transfer in human body. The outer skin is assumed to be exposed to cold atmospheric temperatures and the loss of heat due to convection, radiation and evaporation has been taken into consideration. The important parameters like blood mass flow rate, metabolic heat generation rate and thermal conductivity are taken heterogeneous in each layer according to their distinct physiological and biochemical activities. The temperature profiles at various nodal points of the skin and in vivo tissues have been calculated with respect to the severe cold ambient temperatures. The conditions under which hypothermia, non-freezing and freezing injuries develop were illustrated in the graphs.