为夺得决策优势,马赛克战和边缘作战应运而生.边缘指挥与控制(command and control,C2)是有效利用马赛克战兵力设计原则和实现边缘作战概念的必然选择.通过分析C2信息传递流程,提出决策融合的新理念.基于决策融合理念,提出边缘C2组织结...为夺得决策优势,马赛克战和边缘作战应运而生.边缘指挥与控制(command and control,C2)是有效利用马赛克战兵力设计原则和实现边缘作战概念的必然选择.通过分析C2信息传递流程,提出决策融合的新理念.基于决策融合理念,提出边缘C2组织结构和中心与边缘相结合的C2组织结构.通过示例验证了该C2组织结构的科学性和可行性.展开更多
Traditionally governance structures are classified into ＂hierarchy or market＂ or ＂equity or non-equity.＂ However,such classifications may not be effective in characterizing all governance structures of research an...Traditionally governance structures are classified into ＂hierarchy or market＂ or ＂equity or non-equity.＂ However,such classifications may not be effective in characterizing all governance structures of research and development（R D） alliances.Therefore,the first objective of this study is to investigate why there exist different organizational governance structures in managing R D alliances;the second objective of this study is to give strategic advice in choosing appropriate forms with respect to various characteristics of R D alliances.Through the theoretical lens that integrate both transaction cost economics（TCE） and the resource-based view（RBV）,a model that focuses on six major factors is developed for determining governance structure choices,namely,technological uncertainty,cultural difference,asset specificity,technology complementarity,appropriability of the individual firm＇s know-how,and trust.An R D alliance with higher technological uncertainty,larger cultural differences,and greater concerns for protecting an individual＇s know-how is more likely to adopt non-integrated alliances as the governing structure.An R D alliance with a higher degree of asset-specificity,greater technology complementarity and greater trust among partnering organizations is more likely to adopt integrated alliances as the governing structure;an R D alliance in the face of lower technological uncertainty will tend to adopt integrated alliances.The more aligned the choice of the governance structure with its determinants,the better the R D alliance will perform,and vice versa.展开更多
Family members solve not only their interests, but make provision for interests of other members of the family, too. The space for the control at a higher level is thus formed. Without notifying, individual members in...Family members solve not only their interests, but make provision for interests of other members of the family, too. The space for the control at a higher level is thus formed. Without notifying, individual members in the process of provision making proceed depending on general rules of the organisation of elements into higher structures, as they exist in all stable objects. This provision making has different forms, starting with the love and ending with an assisted coexistence. The understanding of the role of individual controlling structures allows to improve the functioning of the family. Similarly, as a regular discussion of its functioning in the family and perhaps, their controlled casting by some of partners, too. The submitted work describes roles and the control in the elementary family--in the childless coexistence of partners.展开更多
文摘为夺得决策优势,马赛克战和边缘作战应运而生.边缘指挥与控制(command and control,C2)是有效利用马赛克战兵力设计原则和实现边缘作战概念的必然选择.通过分析C2信息传递流程,提出决策融合的新理念.基于决策融合理念,提出边缘C2组织结构和中心与边缘相结合的C2组织结构.通过示例验证了该C2组织结构的科学性和可行性.
基金The Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Traditionally governance structures are classified into ＂hierarchy or market＂ or ＂equity or non-equity.＂ However,such classifications may not be effective in characterizing all governance structures of research and development（R D） alliances.Therefore,the first objective of this study is to investigate why there exist different organizational governance structures in managing R D alliances;the second objective of this study is to give strategic advice in choosing appropriate forms with respect to various characteristics of R D alliances.Through the theoretical lens that integrate both transaction cost economics（TCE） and the resource-based view（RBV）,a model that focuses on six major factors is developed for determining governance structure choices,namely,technological uncertainty,cultural difference,asset specificity,technology complementarity,appropriability of the individual firm＇s know-how,and trust.An R D alliance with higher technological uncertainty,larger cultural differences,and greater concerns for protecting an individual＇s know-how is more likely to adopt non-integrated alliances as the governing structure.An R D alliance with a higher degree of asset-specificity,greater technology complementarity and greater trust among partnering organizations is more likely to adopt integrated alliances as the governing structure;an R D alliance in the face of lower technological uncertainty will tend to adopt integrated alliances.The more aligned the choice of the governance structure with its determinants,the better the R D alliance will perform,and vice versa.
文摘Family members solve not only their interests, but make provision for interests of other members of the family, too. The space for the control at a higher level is thus formed. Without notifying, individual members in the process of provision making proceed depending on general rules of the organisation of elements into higher structures, as they exist in all stable objects. This provision making has different forms, starting with the love and ending with an assisted coexistence. The understanding of the role of individual controlling structures allows to improve the functioning of the family. Similarly, as a regular discussion of its functioning in the family and perhaps, their controlled casting by some of partners, too. The submitted work describes roles and the control in the elementary family--in the childless coexistence of partners.
