实验性ARDS时脑组织脂质过氧化和中分子物质动态变化研究

目的:探讨油酸 (OA )致急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS)时进行性氧分压下降与脑组织丙二醛 (MDA)和中分子物质 (MMS)之间的关系。方法:34只家兔随机分为对照组和实验组 ,实验组家兔耳缘静脉缓慢注射 OA造成 ARDS模型 ,检测对照组和 OA30、6 0、90、12 0 min组平均动脉血压 (MABP)、血气、血浆及脑组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH - Px)、MDA和 MMS的动态变化。结果:实验组随着氧分压 (Pa O2 )的进行性下降 MABP也进行性下降 ,两者呈正相关 (r =0 .88,P <0 .0 1) ;与对照组相比 ,脑组织 GSH - Px含量逐渐降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,并与 Pa O2 下降呈正相关 (r =0 .93,P <0 .0 1) ,MDA含量逐渐增加 (P <0 .0 1) ,并与 Pa O2 下降呈负相关 (r=- 0 .90 ,P <0 .0 1) ,GSH - Px含量变化和 MDA含量变化呈负相关 (r =- 0 .93,P <0 .0 1) ;与对照组相比 ,OA 90、12 0 m in组脑组织的 MMS含量逐渐增加 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ,Pa O2 变化与之呈负相关 (r =- 0 .89,P <0 .0 1) ,脑组织MMS含量与脑组织 MDA含量之间呈正相关 (r=0 .91,P <0 .0 1)。电镜下可见 OA90、12 0 min组脑组织有损伤性改变。结论:OA致 ARDS过程可伴发 MDA和 MMS含量的增加 ,提示 OA致 ARDS时的 Pa O2 和 MABP进行性下降可影响脑的功能。

“补肾生血1号”对老龄鼠组织脂质过氧化物和超氧化物歧化酶含量影响

“补肾生血1号”是吸收祖国传统医学精华,根据多年临床实践经验研制成功的一个中药复方,具有滋补肾阴、藏精生髓、舒筋生血、提高机体免疫之功能,对延缓机体的衰老有明鲜作用。目前人们日益重视到体内自由基,脂质过氧化与某些生理或病理过程的关系极为密切。

组织脂质的分离及分类测定

脂质的分离及分类测定,是研究脂代谢、阐明脂代谢紊乱相关疾病的发病机理和脂代谢调节药物作用机理的重要手段。尽管目前出现了不少先进的分离、分析技术和相关仪器,但脂质的分离和分类测定采用最多的仍然是较传统的薄层层析法。该方法具有简单、快捷、花费少、灵敏度高等优点,应用十分广泛。同时,由于高效液相色谱法和棒状薄层层析拥有自己的特点和优势,近年来也越来越多地应用于组织脂质的分离和分类测定。

胆固醇和蔗糖负荷对家兔脑组织脂质变化指标的研究

目的：了解胆固醇和蔗糖负荷对脑组织脂质及其脂质过氧化物产生的影响变化。方法：采用薄层层板法测定胆固醇和蔗糖两种负荷后家兔血浆、主动脉及脑组织脂质的百分比含量。结果：与对照组相比，胆固醇组脑组织中胆固醇酯（ＣＥ）和胆固醇酯过氧化物（ＳｐｏｔＸ）百分比明显增加，蔗糖组脑组织中的中性脂肪（ＴＧ）百分比含量也明显增加。胆固醇组血浆低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）、主动脉ＬＤＬ以及脑组织脂质三者ＣＥ／ＴＧ的比率经周动态变化极为相似。结论：可用血浆ＬＤＬ中ＣＥ／ＴＧ比率的变化来推测脑组织脂质代谢以及脑动脉硬化的形成和恢复情况。

降脂消斑片对鹌鹑动脉粥样硬化模型心肌及肝脏组织匀浆脂质含量的影响

目的:观察降脂消斑片对鹌鹑动脉粥样硬化(AS)模型心肌及肝脏组织匀浆脂质含量的影响。方法:采用单纯高脂饲料喂养方法复制鹌鹑AS模型。分别给予降脂消斑片高、中、低剂量及阳性对照药物辛伐他汀片、脂降宁片治疗,观察对心肌及肝脏组织匀浆脂质含量的影响。结果:与模型组比较,降脂消斑片高、中剂量组具有降低肝组织、心肌组织匀浆脂质含量的作用,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:降脂消斑片能降低鹌鹑AS模型的心肌及肝脏组织匀浆脂质含量。

脂质化纤维组织细胞瘤临床病理观察

脂质化纤维组织细胞瘤是一种罕见的、尚未被较好认识的皮肤真皮纤维瘤的亚型,肿瘤主要由大量的泡沫状细胞及其周围网格状玻璃样变的胶原纤维构成[1-2]。本文报道1例会阴部脂质化纤维组织细胞瘤,并复习相关文献。1资料与方法1.1一般资料患者女,52岁,发现会阴部肿物3月余,皮下可触及一肿物,与皮肤无粘连,约2cm×3cm,边界清晰,包膜完整,活动度良好,无明显触压痛,局部皮肤无红肿及破溃。

脂质化型纤维组织细胞瘤1例并文献复习

患者男,65岁,左足外踝结节5年余。左足外踝可见一约3.0 cm×4.0 cm大小半圆球形暗褐色肿块,境界尚清,质硬。既往史无特殊。组织病理示病变相对局限,无明显的边界,真皮内可见大量玻璃样变性的胶原纤维及泡沫细胞。诊断为脂质化型纤维组织细胞瘤,予局部切除缝合。

三七总甙、丹参对肝脏缺血一再灌注损伤保护作用的实验研究(摘要)

采取钳闭肝脏左中叶60分钟、120分钾、继之恢复血流60分钟,造成肝脏缺血——再灌注损伤模型,以辅酶Q10为阳性对照药物,对比观察三七总甙及丹参的保护效果。健康Wistar大白鼠80只,随机分为8组,每组10只。Ⅰ、Ⅴ组为三七总甙组,

Doxorubicin Stealth Liposomes Prepared with PEG-Distearoyl Phosphatidylethanolamine and Distribution as well as Antitumor Activity in Mice

目的：研制出能够逃避体内网状内皮细胞的阿霉素隐形脂质体，并考察其在生物体内的分布以及比较阿霉素隐形脂质体与阿霉素普通脂质体的抗肿瘤活性。方法：将聚乙二醇－二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺（PEG－DSPE）同磷脂酰胆碱和胆固醇材料加在一起，用硫酸铵梯度法制备阿霉素隐形脂质体，同法制备阿霉素普通脂质体（但脂膜中不含PEG－DSPE）；通过尾静脉注射给药，比较隐形脂质体阿霉素、普通脂质体阿霉素和游离型阿霉素（盐酸阿霉素注射液）给药后在小鼠各主要脏器组织和血液中的分布情况；采用动物移植性肿瘤实验法，用H22小鼠肝癌细胞接种于小鼠右侧腋皮下形成实体瘤，考察阿霉素隐形脂质体和普通脂质体给药后对实体瘤的瘤重抑制率。结果：通过硫酸铵梯度法制备出了包封率高达95％的阿霉素隐形脂质体；同游离型阿霉素和普通脂质体阿霉素相比，隐形脂质体阿霉素在血液中浓度显著提高，循环时间显著延长，在心脏中分布的浓度显著降低；按5mg·kg^-1剂量治疗，第二天给药和第七天给药治疗方案，阿霉素隐形脂质体给药组的瘤重抑制率均显著高于普通脂质体给药组的瘤重抑制率；按10mg·kg^-1剂量治疗，隐形脂质体给药组的瘤重抑制率比普通脂质体给药组的瘤重抑制率稍高。结论：用普通脂质体给药相比，隐形脂质体阿霉素给药后延长了其在小鼠血液中的循环时间，说明经过PEG－DSPE修饰后的脂质体有逃避网状内皮细胞吞噬的功能（隐形），并且隐形脂质体阿霉素的抗肿瘤活性显著地提高。

菜油营养问题的一些试验报导简介

近年来国际上对高芥酸菜油的营养价值议论很多,如1983年7月联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织的食品法规委员会所举行的第十五届全体会议中,关于菜油中芥酸含量问题,加拿大和意大利等国家曾提出菜油中的芥酸应规定不得超过5%,而印度等国家则认为芥酸含量并不需要定出标准,因为几千年来人们食用高芥酸菜油并没有出现什么对人体有害问题。 菜油的营养价值,由于对于芥酸是否对动物、人类的生理方面有不良影响所作的研究试验,结果不尽相同。目前还不能轻易下结论。

ATF4 regulates lipid metabolism and thermogenesis

Activating transcription factor 4 （ATF4） has been shown to play key roles in many physiological processes. There are no reports, however, demonstrating a direct link between ATF4 and lipid metabolism. We noticed that Atf4- deficient mice are lean, suggesting a possible role for ATF4 in regulating lipid metabolism. The goal of our current study is to investigate the involvement of ATF4 in lipid metabolism and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Studies using Atf4-deficient mice revealed increased energy expenditure, as measured by oxygen consumption. These mice also showed increases in lipolysis, expression of uncoupling protein 2 （UCP2） and p-oxidation genes and decreases in expression of lipogenic genes in white adipose tissue （WAT）, suggesting increased utilization and decreased synthesis of fatty acids, respectively. Expression of UCP1, 2 and 3 was also increased in brown adipose tissue （BAT）, suggesting increased thermogenesis. The effect of ATF4 deletion on expression of UCPs in BAT suggests that increased thermogenesis may underlie increased energy expenditure. Thus, our study identifies a possible new function for ATF4 in regulating lipid metabolism and thermogenesis.

A Second Protein Marker of Caveolae:Caveolin-2

Caveolin-2,a protein about 20 kD,is a major component of the inner surface of caveolae,small invaginations of the plasma membrane.Similar with caveolin-1 and caveolin-3,it serves as a protein marker of caveolae.Caveolin-1 and-2 are located next to each other at 7q31.1 on human chromosome,the proteins encoded are co-localized and form a stable hetero-oligomeric complex,distributing similarly in tissue and cultured cells.Caveolin-3 is located on different chromosomes but confirmed to interact with caveolin-2.Caveolin-2 is similar to caveolin-1 in many respects but differs from the latter in functional domains,especially in G-protein binding domain and caveolin scaffolding domain.The mRNAs of both caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 are most abundantly expressed in white adipose tissue and are induced during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes.Caveolin-2-deficinet mice demonstrate clear pulmonary defects,with little or no change in caveolin-1 expression and caveolae formation,suggesting that caveolin-2 plays a selective role in lung functions.Caveolin-2 is also involved in lipid metabolism and human cancers.

Effects of different dietary lipid sources on growth performance and tissue fatty acid composition of juvenile swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid sources on the growth performance and fatty acid composition of the swimming crab, P ortunus trituberculatus. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated to contain four separate lipid sources, including fish, soybean, rapeseed, and linseed oils(FO, SO, RO, and LO, respectively). With three replicates of 18 crabs each for each diet, crabs(initial body weight, 17.00 ±0.09 g) were fed twice daily for 8 weeks. There were no significant differences among these groups in terms of weight gain, specific growth rate, and hepatosomatic index. However, the RO groups' survival rate was significantly lower than FO groups. The feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios of RO groups were poorer than other groups. The proximate compositions of whole body and hepatopancreas were significantly affected by these dietary treatments. Tissue fatty acid composition mainly reflected dietary fatty acid compositions. Crabs fed FO diets exhibited significantly higher arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acid contents in muscle and hepatopancreas compared with VO crabs. Linoleic, oleic, and linolenic acids in muscle and hepatopancreas were the highest in the SO, RO, and LO groups, respectively. The present study suggested that SO and LO could substitute for FO in fishmeal-based diets for swimming crabs, without affecting growth performance and survival.

Effect of electroacupuncture on hepatic blood flow and lipid peroxidation in rats with sepsis

Objective To investigate protective effects of electroacupuncture on injury of lipid peroxidation-induced by liver ischemia in rats with sepsis.Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture （CLP）,and were randomly divided into a sham operation group （group A）,a CLP model group （group B）,a CLP model plus electroacupuncture （EA） at Zúsānlǐ （足三里 ST 36） group （group C）,a CLP model plus electroacupuncture at a sham acupoint group （group D）,a CLP model with vagotomy group （group E） and a CLP model plus electroacupuncture group after vagotomy （group F）,with 8 rats in each group.CLP was performed after abdominal vagotomy in group E and group F.EA （2 mA,2/100 Hz） was applied at bilateral ＂Zúsānlǐ＂ （足三里 ST 36） in group C and group F,and at sham acupoints in group D,respectively,for 1 hour.The hepatic blood flow （HBF） was detected by a laser-doppler flowmetry at 6 hours after CLP.The activity of plasma alanine transarninase （ALT） was determined;contents of hepatic malondialdehyde （MDA）,activity of xanthine oxidase （XOD） and the rate of water content in the hepati tissue were assessed,respectively.Results Hepatic blood flow was （56.97±11.95） U in group C,which was significantly lower than （80.12± 19.57） U shown in group A,but higher than （42.61±10.97） U in group B,（44.53±9.23） U in group D,（30.05 ±4.46） U in group E and （30.46±6.38） U in group F （all P0.05） at 6 hours after CLP.Meanwhile,the levels of MDA,XOD,ALT and hepatic water content in group C were all significantly higher than those in group A,but lower than those in the other four groups （all P0.05）.The levels of MDA,XOD,ALT and hepatic water content in group E and group F were all significantly higher than those in group D （all P0.05）,while their hepatic blood flow were lower than that in group D （both P0.05）,and no significant differences were found in all the indices mentioned above between group E and group F （all P0.05）.Conclusion Electroacupuncture at ＂Zúsānlǐ＂ （足三里 ST 36） can improve hepatic ischemia,inhibit lipid peroxidation and alleviate hepatic edema and dysfunction in septic rats,which might be related with the completeness of vagus nerves.

Cidea controls lipid droplet fusion and lipid storage in brown and white adipose tissue

Excess lipid storage in adipose tissue results in the development of obesity and other metabolic disorders including diabetes,fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases.The lipid droplet(LD)is an important subcellular organelle responsible for lipid storage.We previously observed that Fsp27,a member of the CIDE family proteins,is localized to LD-contact sites and promotes atypical LD fusion and growth.Cidea,a close homolog of Fsp27,is expressed at high levels in brown adipose tissue.However,the exact role of Cidea in promoting LD fusion and lipid storage in adipose tissue remains unknown.Here,we expressed Cidea in Fsp27-knockdown adipocytes and observed that Cidea has similar activity to Fsp27 in promoting lipid storage and LD fusion and growth.Next,we generated Cidea and Fsp27 double-deficient mice and observed that these animals had drastically reduced adipose tissue mass and a strong lean phenotype.In addition,Cidea/Fsp27 double-deficient mice had improved insulin sensitivity and were intolerant to cold.Furthermore,we observed that the brown and white adipose tissues of Cidea/Fsp27double-deficient mice had significantly reduced lipid storage and contained smaller LDs compared to those of Cidea or Fsp27single deficient mice.Overall,these data reveal an important role of Cidea in controlling lipid droplet fusion,lipid storage in brown and white adipose tissue,and the development of obesity.

Bio-distributions of [^(125)I]Spiro-I liposomes in mice

We investigated the bio-distributions of [125 I]Spiro-I formulated in sterically stabilized liposomes （SSL） or targeted liposomes （SSTL） in mice,especially their brain uptake.The [125 I]Spiro-I liposomes were prepared by film-ultrasound dispersion method.Cereport （RMP-7） was covalently conjugated with DSPE-PEG,which was attached to the surface of SSL to form SSTL.The encapsulation efficiencies （ee%） of [125 I]Spiro-I-SSL and [125 I]Spiro-I-SSTL were 97.47%±4.01% and 93.02%±2.98%,respectively.The average particle sizes were （66.47±0.76） nm and （71.40±0.45） nm,respectively.After intravenous administration,[125 I]Spiro-I was quickly eliminated from blood.SSL could prolong the retention time of [125 I]Spiro-I in blood and SSTL improved its brain uptake.The AUC of [125 I]Spiro-I-SSTL in brain was increased by 1.52 times as compared to [125 I]Spiro-I,indicating that SSTL could be used for the formulation of [125 I]Spiro-I for the imaging of central nervous system （CNS）.

Differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells towards a nucleus pulposus-like phenotype in vitro

Objective： To differentiate rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells （ADSCs） into cells with a nucleus pulposus-like phenotype in vitro, so as to lay a foundation for the cell-based transplantation therapy of degenerated intervertebral discs. Methods： Rat ADSCs were isolated only from the subcutaneous inguinal region and purified by limited dilution. ADSCs of the third passages were analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorter （FACS） to detect the cell surface markers （Sca-1, CD44, CD45, CDI lb）. To induce ADSCs to- wards a nucleus pulposus-like phenotype, ADSCs were immobilized in 3-dimensional alginate hydrogels and cultured in an inducing medium containing transforming growth factor-beta1 （TGF- β1） under hypoxia （2% O2）, while control groups under normoxia （21% O2） in alginate beads in medium with or without the presence of TGF-β 1. Semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was carried out to evaluate phenotypic and biosynthetic activities in the process of differentiation. Meanwhile, Alcian blue staining were used to detect the formation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans （GAGs） in the differentiated cells. Results： The purified ADSCs were fibroblast-like and proliferated rapidly in vitro. The flow cytometry showed that ADSCs were positive for Sca-1 and CD44, negative for CD45 and CD11b. The results of RT-PCR manifested that the gene expressions of Sox-9, aggrecan and collagen Ⅱ, which were chondrocyte specific, were upregulated in medium containing TGF-β1 under hypoxia （2% O2）. Likewise, gene expression of HIF-1 a, which was characteristics of in- tervertebral discs, was also upregulated. Simultaneously, Alcian blue staining exhibited the formation of many GAGs. Conclusions： The approach in our experiment is a simple and effective way to acquire a large quantity of homogenous ADSCs. Rat ADSCs can be differentiated into nucleus pulposus-like cells. ADSCs may replace bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as a new kind of seed cells in regeneration of degenerated intervertebral discs using cell transolantation therarw.