采出井6段以上细分配产技术

为了提高油层的动用程度,实现油层的精细划分,研究出一种采出井6段以上细分层产量控制工艺。通过油管和套管之间的环形空间下入电控式测调仪,与井下可调式分层配产器进行对接,依据监测数据对高产液层段状态进行直观分析判断,实现一次下井完成各层段产液量的合理控制,使各层段均保持合理流压,充分发挥产油潜力。通过配套细分工艺的研究,满足了采出井6段以上的细分控制,达到了剩余油深度挖潜的目的。

Cd Distribution and Subcellular Localization in Leaf and Its Effects on Growth of Soybean(Glycine max) Seedlings

In order to investigate Cd accumulation, subcellular distribution, and local-ization in soybean seedlings leaves, soybean seedlings were cultivated in solution containing different concentrations of Cd. The results showed that most Cd associ-ated with the cellwal s and soluble fractions, and a minor part of Cd presented in mitochondria fractions, nuclear and chloroplast fractions, especial y exposure to high Cd concentrations. Under 20.00 mg/L Cd stress, Cd subcellular distribution fol owed a sequence as： soluble fractions （55.00%）＆gt;cellwal s （30.0%）＆gt;mitochondria fractions （8.21%）＆gt;nuclear and chloroplast fractions （6.79%）. Deposited Cd black particles were observed in cellwal s, chloroplasts, nuclei, and vacuoles through electrical microscope slice. This fact indicated that the cellwal s of soybean leaves were the first protecting organel es from Cd toxicity, and the cellwal s and soluble fractions were the main place for Cd storage. Due to Cd accumulated in the organel es, the intercellular space was enlarged and the subcellular structure was damaged, especial y for the chloroplasts.

Subcellular Distribution of Cadmium in Mining Ecotype Sedum alfredii

The mining ecotype Sedum alfredii Hance could tolerate and grow normally in a nutritive solution containing cadmium (Cd) as high as 400 mumol/L. Under such a high Cd concentration, the subcellular accumulation of Cd in root, stem and leaf of this plant was found to be the highest in the cell wall, less in the soluble fraction and lowest in the cell organs. The mode of subcellular distribution of Cd in the mining ecotype S. alfredii was similar to other hyper accumulators of heavy metals, in which Cd was distributed more in the aerial part of plant. The results suggest that the mining ecotype S. alfredii is a new species of Cd hyperaccumulator.

Pollen Mother Cell Miosis and Male Gametophyte Development of Pumpkin

[Objective] Pollen mother cell miosis and male gametophyte development of pumpkin were observed in this study, to provide some cytological basis for pumpkin anther or microspore culture. [Method] Ehrlich＇s hematoxylin staining-methyl salicylate clearing technique was used for observation and research of the variation of cell structure and chromosomal behavior during pollen mother cell miosis and male gametophyte development of ‘Tianhong＇ pumpkin. [Result] The meiosis in pollen moth- er cells of pumpkin was simultaneous cytokinesis. In the process of nuclear division, nuclear membrane and nucleolus of pumpkin pollen mother cells gradually disappeared in the metaphase I and reappeared in telophase I , phragmoplast formed between the two generated crescent-shaped nuclei without cell wall, the phragmoplast gradually disappeared in the metaphase II and reappeared in telophase II. Phragmoplast spread outward from the center of spindle during the second division was connected with that formed on the central interface of two nuclei during the first division, cell wall of microspores generated from periphery to center. Most of the tetrads contained four sub-cells while a few contained extra small cells. During the period of uniuclete microspore at periphery, the single nucleolus split into 2-3 or more small nucleoli, mature pollen grain was two-celled. Mononucleate pollen cells were mostly appeared in the flower buds with length of 1.0-2.0 cm, which could be used as an important indicator to collect materials for anther or microspore culture. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for research of the cytogenetics of pumpkin.

分厂(车间)如何适应建立现代企业制度的要求

党的十四届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于建立社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》中明确提出,要把转换国有企业经营机制,建立现代企业制度,当做确立社会主义市场经济重要基础支柱之一。这就指明了国有大中型企业改革的方向,也是社会化大生产和市场经济发展的必然要求。作为企业基层生产经营单位的分厂。

The Involvement of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Regulation of Cell Content Redistribution in the Excised Garlic Scape of Allium sativum

During long term storage at 25℃ in the dark,a large number of cell content were transferred from the senescing scape to the developing cloves,and the transfer from the basal part of scape was earlier than that from the apical part in the excised garlic scape ( Allium sativum var Taichang).Levels of H 2O 2 decreased in the cloves and significantly increased up to 10 folds and then declined quickly in the scape.Levels of H 2O 2 were enhanced early in the basal part of scape.In the treatment of GA 3 at the cloves,levels of H 2O 2 were strongly enhanced in the cloves and inhibited in the scape,coinciding with the distinct inhibition of cell content tansfer.The results indicated that H 2O 2 may be involved in cell content redistribution and its regulation.3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) is a specific inhibitor of catalase.Effects of AT on cell content redistribution and levels of H 2O 2 were almost similar to those of GA 3,It further proved the above concept.According to the changes of H 2O 2 leves and activities of peroxidase and catalase in the cloves and in the scape,we suggest that the accumulation of H 2O 2 in the scape was transducted from the cloves,and the decline of H 2O 2 level in the scape with GA 3 or AT at the cloves was mainly through the inhibition of H 2O 2 synthesis in the cloves.

Social-Aware Joint Mode Selection and Link Allocation for Device-to-Device Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks

Joint mode selection and link allocation are crucial to achieve the advantage of Device-to-Device(D2 D) communications in improving spectral efficiency. In practice, cellular users tend to not be totally altruistic or absolutely selfish. How to stimulate them to devote their links and how to allocate their links to D2 D pair candidates efficiently are two main challenges. In this paper, we encourage cellular users through the variable payment with regard to the social tie strength between cellular users and D2 D pair candidates. In particular, the social tie strength is inferred through a graph inference model and its impact on the payment is quantified as a negative exponential function. Then, we propose a resource scheduling optimization model based on the non-transferable utility coalition formation game, and a distributed coalition formation algorithm based on the Pareto preference and merge-and-split rule. From them, the final coalition structure is obtained, which reflects the strategy of mode selection and link allocation. Numerical results are presented to verify the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

Effects of MEK inhibitor U0126 on meiotic progression in mouse oocytes: microtuble organization, asymmetric division and metaphase Ⅱ arrest

In this study we used U0126, a potent and specific inhibitor of MEK, to study the roles of MEK/ERK/p90rsk signaling pathway in the meiotic cell cycle of mouse oocytes. The phosphorylation of MAP kinase and p90rsk in the oocytes treated with 1.5 μMU0126 was the same as that in oocytes cultured in drug-free medium. With 1.5 μM U0126 treatment, the spindles appeared normal as they formed in oocytes, but failed to maintain its structure.Instead, the spindle lost one pole or elongated extraordinarily. After further culture, some oocytes extruded gigantic polar bodies (＞30 μm) that later divided into two small ones. Some oocytes underwent symmetric division and produced two equal-size daughter cells in which normal spindles formed. In oocytes with different division patterns,MAP kinase was normally phosphorylated. When the concentration of U0126 was increased to 15 mM, the phosphorylation of both MAPK and p90rsk were inhibited, while symmetric division was decreased. When incubating in medium containing 15 μM U0126 for 14 h, oocytes were activated, but part of them failed to emit polar bodies. MII oocytes were also activated by 15 μM U0126, at the same time the dephosphorylation of MAP kinase and p90rsk was observed. Our results indicate that 1) MEK plays important but not indispensable roles in microtubule organization;2) MEK keeps normal meiotic spindle morphology, targets peripheral spindle positioning and regulates asymmetric division by activating some unknown substrates other than MAP kinase/p90rsk; and 3) activation of MEK/ERK/p90rsk cascade maintains MII arrest in mouse oocytes.

Sorafenib in Liver Function Impaired Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objective To explore the efficacy and safty of sorafenib in Child-Pugh class B to class C hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. Methods In this three-center open-label study from November 2011 to May 2013, we randomly assigned 189 patients with advanced Child-Pugh class B or C HCC patients into two groups, one group with 95 patient to receive sorafenib （400 mga time, twice a day） and the other group with 94 patients to receive best supportive care. The primary end points were progression-free survival and overall survival. Results The median progression-free survival was 2.2 months and 1.9 months in the sorafenib group and best supportive care group respectively （Hazard ratio in the sorafenib group, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.75; P=O.O02）. The median overall survival was 4.0 months and 3.5 months in the sorafenib group and best supportive care group respectively （Hazard ratio in the sorafenib group, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.68; P〈0.001）. The main adverse effect of sorafenib was rash and ache of the skin （in 51.7% patients）. The incidences of severe rash, diarrhea, and dry skin were 5.6%, 5.6%, and 2.2% in the sorafenib group. One patient reached partial response in the sorafenib group. Conclusions Sorafenib is safe in patients with liver function impaired advanced HCC. It is effective in terms of progression-free survival and overall survival compared with best supportive care. Liver functions are the important predictive factors.

Dynamic distribution of TTK in HeLa cells: insights from an ultrastructural study

Entry into mitosis is driven by signaling cascades of mitotic kinases.Our recent studies show that TTK,a kinetochore-associated protein kinase,interacts with CENP-E,a mitotic kinesin located to corona fiber ofkinetochore.Using immunoelectron microscopy,here we show that TTK is present at the nuclear pore adjacent complex of interphase HeLa cells.Upon nuclear envelope fragmentation,TTK targets to the outermostregion of the developing kinetochores ofmonoorient chromosome as well as to spindle poles.After stable attachment,throughout chromosome congression,TTK is a constituent of the corona fibers,extending up to 90 nm away from the kinetochore outer plate.Upon metaphase alignment,TTK departs from the kinetochore and migrates toward the centrosomes.Taken together,this evidence strongly supports a model in which TTK functions in spindle checkpoint signaling cascades at both kinetochore and centrosome.

Limited Feedback Bit Allocation for Cooperative Multi-cell Systems with Multi- user MIMO

For the cooperative multi-cell systems with muki-user MIMO, a new limited feedback bit allocation scheme is proposed to minimize the rate loss caused by quantization error. In the proposed scheme, the Channel State Information （CSI） feedback of cell-edge user for the local service cell and the adjacent interference cell are separately quantized. Based on the upper bound of the rate loss of cell-edge user due to the limited feedback, the number of feedback bits for quantized CSI of the local service cell and the adjacent cell are optimized with the fixed total bits of the limited feedback. The simulation shows that our proposed scheme of feedback bits allocation efficiently decreases the interference and increases the rate of systems compared with that of equal bits allocation and those of other allocations.

Role of CD97^(stalk) and CD55 as molecular markers for prognosis and therapy of gastric carcinoma patients

Objectives： To explore the mechanism of development and aggressiveness in gastric carcinomas by investigating the expression and role of CD97 and its cellular ligand CD55 in gastric carcinomas. Methods： Tumor and corresponding normal mucosal tissue, collected from 39 gastric carcinoma patients, were examined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR for the expression of CD97 and CD55. Results： CD97^stalk was strongly stained on scattered tumor cells or small tumor cell clusters at the invasion front of gastric carcinomas. The expression of CD97^stalk was frequently observed in tumors of stage Ⅰ and T1 gastric carcinoma patients. The expression of CD97^stalk between Stage Ⅰ and Stage Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ specimens showed significant difference （P〈0.05）, between T1 and T2, T3, T4 specimens also showed significant difference （P〈0.05）. Specimens with tumor invasion depth limited in mucosa of T1 specimens showed higher positive CD55 expression than specimens with the same tumor invasion depth in T2, T3, T4 specimens, the expression of CD55 between T1 and T2, T3, T4 specimens was significantly different （P〈0.05）. There was strong correlation between the distribution patterns of CD97^stalk and CD55 on tumor tissues （r=0.73, P〈0.05）. Signet ring cell carcinomas frequently contained strong CD97^stalk and CD55-staining. Conclusions： Our results suggest that CD97^stalk is probably involved in the growth, invasion and aggressiveness of gastric carcinomas by binding its cellular ligand CD55. CD97^stalk and CD55 could be useful as molecular markers for prognosis and therapy of gastric carcinoma patients.

Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for Small-Cell Networks：A Stable Queue Perspective

The small-cell technology is promising for spectral-efficiency enhancement. However, it usually requires a huge amount of energy consumption. In this paper, queue state information and channel state information are jointly utilized to minimize the time average of overall energy consumption for a multi-carrier small-cell network, where the inter-cell interference is an intractable problem. Based on the Lyapunov optimization theory, the problem could be solved by dynamically optimizing the problem of user assignment, carrier allocation and power allocation in each time slot. As the optimization problem is NP-hard, we propose a heuristic iteration algorithm to solve it. Numerical results verify that the heuristic algorithm offers an approximate performance as the brute-force algorithm. Moreover, it could bring down the overall energy consumption to different degrees according to the variation of traffic load. Meanwhile, it could achieve the same sum rate as the algorithm which focuses on maximizing system sum rate.

Effects of Tai Chi Chuan training on cellular immunity in post-surgical non-small cell lung cancer survivors:A randomized pilot trial

Background： Although emerging evidence points to benefits from Tai Chi Chuan （TCC） in improving immune system function, its effects on cellular immune responses remain under-studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of TCC training on cellular immunity in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Methods： A 2-group randomized trial design in which post-surgical, non-small cell lung cancer survivors were randomly assigned to a TCC training group （n = 16） or a control group （n = 16）. The participants in the TCC group completed a 16-week intervention. The main immune response outcome measures assayed included the ratio of T-helper cells/T-suppressor cells （CD4＋：CD8＋ ratio） and complement regulatory proteins status （CRPs; CD55 and CD59）. Using repeated measures ANOVA, the data were analyzed for the participants who completed the study （n = 27）. Results： At 16 weeks, the TCC participants showed a significantly lower increment in the expression of CD55 （p 〈 0.05） as compared to the control group. No significant between-group differences were found in the CD4＋：CD8＋ ratio or CD59 expression. There were also no significant correlations among the changes in CRPs or T lymphocyte subpopulations, either. Conclusion： A 16-week TCC intervention caused no alterations in CD4＋：CD8＋ ratio, but significantly attenuated CD55 expression among post- surgical non-small cell lung cancer survivors.

Study of Competitive Chelating Reaction between Lanthanum and Tribromoarsenazo in the Medium of Weak Acid by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

Two kinds of metal chelates of rare earth elements reacted with tribrimoarsenazo formed under the condition of critic acid were observed by simultaneous technique of capillary electrophoresisphotothermal interference spectrometry. The tendency of the conversion between these chelates as functions of the mole ratio of the reagent and the metal, pH value and the elapsing time was investigated. Kinetic equation of competitive chelating reaction between the TBA-La (Ⅲ) and La (Ⅲ) -critic acid were established. It was found that the competitive chelating reaction follows secondorder kinetics, for this second-order reaction, k=5.55 L·mol-1·S-1.

Dynamic spectrum allocations in multi-cells and intra-cell of cognitive network to enhance system performance

In this study, we propose new dynamic spectrum allocations in multi-cells and intra-cell of cognitive network to enhance system performance in terms of decreasing probability of interruption and spectrum handoff of communication services in a cognitive system. The inter-cells of the spectrum allocation mechanism is designed to share the risk of vacating spectrum caused by licensed incumbents re-occupying the spectrum and minimize probability of service interruption in the cognitive network. This mechanism also can guarantee fairness among multi-cells. The intra-cell of the proposed spectrum allocation is based on a service data hierarchical model and establishes a mapping mechanism between layered data and the spectrum. It can reduce probability of spectrum handoff. Finally, simulation results are given and show that the new mechanism can reduce service interruption ratio and the probability of spectrum handoff caused by licensed incumbents with re-occupying the spectrum.

Genetic approach for Cell-by-Cell dynamic spectrum allocation in the heterogeneous scenario

In this paper,a genetic algorithm (GA) is investigated to deal with cell-by-cell dynamic spectrumallocation (DSA) in the heterogeneous scenario with temporal and spatial traffic demand changes,whichis also known as a difficult combinatorial optimization problem.A new two-dimensional chromosome encodingscheme is defined according to characteristics of the heterogeneous scenario,which prevents forminginvalid solutions during the genetic operation and enables much faster convergence.A novel randomcoloring gene generation function is presented which is the basic operation for initialization and mutationin the genetic algorithm.Simulative comparison demonstrates that the proposed GA-based cell-by-cellDSA outperforms the conventional contiguous DSA scheme both in terms of spectral efficiency gain andquality of service (QoS) satisfaction.

Efficient Resource Allocation Scheme to Maximise Number of Users with Quality of Service Demands in Small Cells

Small cells have been regarded as an appealing technique to boost resource reuse ratio. On the other hand, their large-scale and self-organised tendency would complicate the interference environment of mobile networks. Meanwhile, traffic class is booming in recent years, which leads to higher demand for net- work designers on Quality of Service （QoS） provision, and therefore users＇ diverse re- quirements may not be guaranteed in sucff＇an interference limited scenario. To maximise the number of users with QoS demands as well as resource reuse ratio, we formulate the resource allocation problem into a multi-objective l0 norm form. It is shown to be NP hard, and an iterative method is employed to approach the optimal solution. Because of its limit of being not adaptive to large-scale networks, we also design a heuristic method based on chordal graph, which, however, could result in per- formance loss when the size of networks is small. Finally, by combining these two meth- ods, we devise a hybrid algorithm such that the allocation performs both efficiently and effectively. Simulation results illustrate the performance of our proposed methods in terms of outage probability and resource reuse ratio.

Design of Cellular Manufacturing Systems Considering Dynamic Production Planning and Worker Assignments

This article presents a comprehensive mathematical model for the design and analysis of Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing Systems （DCMS）. The proposed DCMS model considers several manufacturing attributes such as multi period production planning, dynamic system reconfiguration, duplicate machines, machine capacity, the available time for workers, worker assignments, and machine procurement. The objective is to minimize total costs; consisting of holding cost, outsourcing cost, inter-cell material handling cost, maintenance and overhead cost, machine relocation cost. While a study of published articles in the area of Cellular Manufacturing Systems （CMS） shows that workforce management issues have not sufficiently been addressed in the literature, the model presented also incorporates CMS workforce management issues such as salaries, hiring and firing costs of workers in addition to the manufacturing attributes. In-depth discussions on the results for two numerical examples are presented to illustrate applications of the proposed model. The model developed aims to raise the envelope by expanding and improving several CMS models previously presented in the literature.

Combined effect of hypothermia and crystalloid hemodilution on the solubility of volatile anesthetics in human blood

OBJECTIVE: To determine the combined effect of hypothermia and crystalloid hemodilution on blood solubility of volatile anesthetics. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty ml blood samples obtained from each of twelve healthy male volunteers were adjusted to a hematocrit of 40% and then diluted with normal saline to hematocrits of 36%, 32%, 28%, 24%, and 20%. Blood/gas partition coefficients of desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, enflurane and halothane were measured at 37 degrees C,33 degrees C, 29 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 21 degrees C and 17 degrees C using a two-stage headspace double equilibration method. RESULTS: As the temperature decreased, the logarithm of the blood/gas partition coefficient increased linearly (P