Mg-Al-Zn-Si合金的显微组织细化

含有强化相Mg2Si的镁合金,是一种可望在汽车发动机和传动零部件应用的低成本耐热镁合金.汉字状的 Mg2Si颗粒相的细化是这种合金能够进一步应用到砂铸和金属型铸造的关键.本文重点研究了合金元素Sb对Mg2Si颗粒相及其基体组织的细化效果及其细化机制.结果表明:Sb的加入,通过合成异质晶核核心,促进了细小弥散分布的Mg2Si颗粒的形成;此外,Sb的加入,同时也进一步细化了基体组织;显微组织的改善导致了合金室温及其高温（150℃）下机械性能的提高.

亚稳组织转变细化TiAl合金显微组织研究现状

TiAl合金具有低密度、高比刚、高比强、优异的高温力学性能等优点,在航空航天领域极具广阔的应用前景。然而,由于该合金低的室温塑性、损伤容限及加工性能,导致其制造成本较高,限制了应用领域。均匀细小的显微组织可以显著改善TiAl合金的室温塑性及加工性能。本文综述了高温淬火获得亚稳组织转变并细化TiAl合金组织的相关研究,如块状γM相、马氏体α′相及全B2相转变等。在回火过程中,亚稳组织的分解可以细化合金组织,亚稳组织过冷度越大,析出相形核率越高,晶粒细化效果更为显著。讨论了各种组织细化方法存在的问题和对力学性能的影响。

Al−10Nb−3Ce−2.5B孕育剂对Zn−Al共析合金显微组织、阻尼和拉伸力学性能的影响

制备一种新型Al−10Nb−3Ce−2.5B孕育剂,并系统研究其对锌铝共析(ZA22)合金显微组织、阻尼和拉伸力学性能的影响。结果表明,该孕育剂对ZA22合金中的α相具有显著的细化作用(α相最低可被细化至约16μm),并可使得α相的形貌从粗大枝晶状转变为细小花瓣状。通过边−边匹配晶体学模型(E2EM)建立孕育剂中CeB_(6)和NbB_(2)颗粒与α相之间的位向关系(ORs),并基于该E2EM模型揭示孕育剂对ZA22合金的细化机理。与未细化ZA22合金相比,孕育细化ZA22合金的高温阻尼性能,特别是逆共析转变阻尼峰得到显著提升。此外,孕育细化ZA22合金的室温拉伸力学性能也得到了显著提高,具有最佳细化效果的ZA22合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别比未细化ZA22合金的高18.56%和119.04%。对相关机理进行了讨论。

Ti_2AlC/TiAl复合材料热处理组织的细化

利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术,原位制备Ti2AlC/TiAl复合材料,并对其进行多步热处理,研究增强相Ti2AlC和微量元素B对Ti2AlC/TiAl复合材料热处理组织的细化作用。研究发现,在热处理过程中,Ti2AlC和B能够显著抑制TiAl基体中γ晶粒和α2/γ层片晶团的长大,有效地细化Ti2AlC/TiAl复合材料的热处理组织。显微组织的细化能够显著强韧化复合材料,其中经1390℃热处理的复合材料的弯曲强度达到957.9MPa,断裂韧性达到20.73MPa·m1/2。

铸造针孔和钠变质对ZL101铸铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用宏观检查和金相检验的方法,研究了铸造针孔和钠变质对ZL101铸铝合金组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明,在浇铸ZL101铸铝合金时,提高冷却速度,增加凝固压力,降低浇铸温度,同时进行钠变质处理,有利于铸造针孔的减少和组织的细化及力学性能的提高。

激光熔覆纳米La_2O_3添加镍基合金涂层的显微组织与耐磨性研究（英文）

以激光工艺制备了添加纳米La_2O_3初料的镍基涂层。激光熔覆之前,高能球磨机充分混合的Ni60A和La_2O_3粉床预置于基体30CrM nS i Ni2A表面。La偏聚于枝晶间从而限制了二次枝晶的成长和熟化。显微组织得到了细化。由于更高的La富集,涂层上表面显微组织细化更为显著,这一现象的上述解释得到EPMA结果佐证。熔覆涂层经过RE显微组织细化和净化,硬度、耐磨性均相对基体金属显著提升,而涂层中裂纹和孔隙均未出现。涂层的摩擦系数曲线COF明显低于基体,磨擦体积损失率和显微硬度值分别是基体数值的1/10和4倍。

Strength and plasticity improvement induced by strong grain refinement after Zr alloying in selective laser-melted AlSiMg1.4 alloy

In order to enhance the mechanical properties of the selective laser-melted(SLM) high-Mg content AlSiMg1.4 alloy,the Zr element was introduced.The influence of Zr alloying on the processability,microstructure,and mechanical properties of the alloy was systematically investigated through performing microstructure analysis and tensile testing.It was demonstrated that the SLM-fabricated AlSiMg1.4-Zr alloy exhibited high process stability with a relative density of over 99.5% at various process parameters.Besides,the strong grain refinement induced by the primary Al3Zr particle during the melt solidification process simultaneously enhanced both the strength and plasticity of the alloy.The values for the yield strength,ultimate tensile strength,and elongation of the SLM-fabricated AlSiMg1.4-Zr were(343±3) MPa,(485±4) MPa,and(10.2±0.2)%,respectively,demonstrating good strengthplasticity synergy in comparison to the AlSiMg1.4 and other Al-Si-based alloys fabricated by SLM.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of GTA weldments of titanium matrix composites prepared with or without current pulsing

The effects of current pulsing on the microstructure, hardness and tensile properties at different temperatures of gas tungsten arc （GTA） weldments of titanium matrix composites were studied. Full-penetration butt joints were made with or without current pulsing. Optical microscopy, hardness test and scanning electron microscopy were employed to evaluate the metallurgical characteristics of welded joints. Tensile properties of weldments at different temperatures were studied and correlated with the microstructure. The results exhibit that current pulsing leads to the refinement of the weld microstrucmre and TiB whisker and the redistribution of reinforcements resulting in higher hardness, tensile strength and ductility of weldments in the as-welded condition.

Effect of Ce addition on microstructure of Mg-9Li alloy

The as-cast and as-extruded Mg-9Li, Mg-9Li-0.3Ce alloys were respectively prepared through a simple alloying process and hot extrusion. The microstructures of these alloys were investigated by optical microscope （OM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffractometer （XRD） and energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）. The results indicate that Ce addition produces a strong grain refining effect in Mg-9Li alloy. The grain size of the as-extruded alloy reduces abruptly from 88.2 μm to 10.5 μm when the addition of Ce is 0.36%. Mg12Ce is verified and exists inside the grains or at the grain boundaries, thus possibly pins up grain boundaries and restrains the grain growth.

Effects of grain refining and modification on mechanical properties and microstructures of Al-7.5Si-4Cu cast alloy

Al-7.5Si-4Cu cast alloy melt modified by Al-5Ti-B, RE and Al-10Sr master alloys were poured in the chromite sand moulds, to investigate comparatively the effects of individual or combined additions of grain refiners and modifiers on the mechanical properties, microstructures, grain refining and modification, and intermetallic compounds of the alloy. The results show that the mechanical properties and the microstructures of Al-7.5Si-4Cu cast alloys are improved immensely by combining addition of 0.8%Al-5Ti-B, 0.1%RE and 0.1%Al-10Sr grain refiners and modifiers compared with the individual addition and cast conditions. For individual addition condition, addition of 0.8%Al-5Ti-B master alloy can obtain superior tensile strength, Brinell hardness and finer equiaxedα（Al） dendrites. The alloy with 0.1%RE master alloy shows the highest improvement in ductility because the rare earth can purify the molten metal and change the shape of intermetallic compounds. While the alloy with 0.1%Al-10Sr modifier shows only good improvement in yield strength, and the improvement of other performance is unsatisfactory. The Al-10Sr modifier has a significant metamorphism for the eutectic silicon, but will make the gas content in the aluminum alloy melt increase to form serious columnar grain structures. The effects of grain refining and modification on mean area and aspect ratio have the same conclusions obtained in the mechanical properties and the microstructures analyses.

Effect of limestone ores on grain refinement of as-cast commercial AZ31 magnesium alloys

The grain refinement of the as-cast AZ31 alloys by limestone particles was investigated by grain refining tests and microstructure observations. The results show that the limestone particles have a good grain refining potency, which is deeply related to the addition level of limestone and melting temperature. The optimal addition level and melting temperature are 2.0%（mass fraction） and 720 ℃, respectively. The average grain size of AZ31 alloy is reduced from（556±60） to（236±22） μm. The sound grain refining by raw limestone particles has a good anti-fading capacity without any significant grain coarsening in a 40 min holding time. The concerned grain refining mechanism should be attributed to the inoculated Al-C and Al-C/Al-Mn-（Fe） nuclei. Ultrasonic treatment can enhance the grain refining efficiency of limestone particles through cavitation-enhanced nucleation mechanism.

Effect of Nd addition on microstructure and tensile properties of laser additive manufactured TC11 titanium alloy

Single-layer and multilayer laser additive manufacturing(LAM)for TC11 alloy with different Nd additions was conducted and the effect of Nd addition on microstructure and properties was studied.With the addition of Nd,the aspect ratio of melting pools of single-layer specimens increases and the columnar-to-equiaxed transition occurs.The originalβgrain size andαplate width of TC11−1.0Nd are significantly reduced compared with those of pure TC11 specimens.It is proposed that the evenly distributed fine Nd_(2)O_(3) precipitates of about 1.51μm are formed preferentially during rapid solidification of melting pool,and they serve as heterogeneous nucleation particles to refine the microstructure in the subsequent solidification and solid-state phase transformation.Due to the multiple effects of Nd on the microstructure,the ultimate tensile strength of TC11−1.0Nd increases,while the yield strength,ductility and microhardness decrease compared with those of pure TC11.

Enhanced mechanical properties of pure aluminium: Experimental investigation of effects of different parameters

In current research,the interactive effects of different parameters such as melt overheating temperature,the location of gating system and incorporation of the grain refiner in bar and micro-powder form on the mechanical and structural characteristics of commercially pure aluminium are examined.Results show that increasing the melt temperature as well as employing a gating system with higher heat transfer rate increases the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of the pure aluminium by 7%.Also,the introduction of 2wt%Al–5Ti–1B grain refiner in bar form into the overheated melt enhances the UTS values by two times,while incorporating 2wt%Al–5Ti–1B grain refiner in micro-powder form leads to achieving 32%higher UTS compared to the samples with grain refiner in the bar form due to the elimination of Al3Ti brittle phase,as confirmed by XRD patterns and SEM fracture surface images.

22螺HRB400E控轧控冷工艺研究

本文对22螺HRB400E控扎控冷工艺进行了系统性的研究,得到了成分–工艺–组织–性能的关系。研究结果表明,控轧控冷工艺的应用使得钢筋显微组织细化强化、珠光体相变强化,达到了降低生产成本、提高力学性能的作用,其成品综合性能较好,能充分满足生产需要。