压力式细雾喷嘴雾化特性的研究

对液体的雾化机理及喷嘴的雾化特性进行了理论分析,用因次分析的方法建立了细密雾化喷嘴的准则关系式,用最小二乘法回归了TF型喷嘴平均直径的准则关系式.

译者行为批评理论及其应用问题——答研究者(之二)

文章主要回答了研究者有关译者行为研究的优势凸显化、分析层次化和概念细密化等方面的问题。优势凸显化主要讨论的是以人为本的研究路径,该研究路径与译者行为批评理论的人本性一脉相承。分析层次化主要讨论的是翻译内外层次分野的合理性。概念细密化主要讨论的是求真和务实等常用概念在应用中的鉴别方法问题。澄清这些问题有助于研究的深化和可持续发展。

压力式细雾喷嘴流量特性实验研究

对液体的雾化机理及喷嘴的流量特性进行了理论分析,并对TF型、L型、P型细雾喷嘴进行了实验研究,用回归分析的方法建立了三种喷嘴的流量、喷雾压力与喷孔直径之间的关联式。绘制了三种喷嘴的流量曲线。

Bioleaching of chalcopyrite with Acidianus manzaensis YN25 under contact and non-contact conditions

In order to investigate the contributions of contact and non-contact cells of Acidianus manzaensis(A.manzaensis) YN25 to the bioleaching of chalcopyrite,three experiments were carried out in the modified shake flasks.The redox potential,pH,cell density,copper and iron ions in the solution were monitored,and the morphological feature and chemical composition of the leached residues were analyzed.The highest leaching efficiency of Cu and Fe was reached in the experiment where the A.manzaensis YN25 could contact the surface of the chalcopyrite.There was no precipitation of jarosite in the leached residues of three experiments,but there was elemental sulfur in the leached residues when the cells could not contact the chalcopyrite.From these results,it is apparent that the leaching of the chalcopyrite is the cooperative action of the contact and non-contact A.manzaensis YN25.

Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and vascular endothelial growth factor in association with neovascularization in human primary astrocytoma

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenesis in primary astrocytoma. Methods: Thirty-seven primary astrocytomas and 4 astrocytic hyperplasia samples were collected and divided into three groups according to histological grade. The expression of eNOS, VEGF and factorⅧ related antigen (FⅧRAg) were assayed by immunohistochemistry. Microvascular density was assessed by FⅧRAg immunoreactivity. The intensity of immunoreactivity was graded according to the percentage of positive tumor cells. Results: No eNOS and VEGF were expressed in the astrocytes and vascular endothelium in astrocytic hyperplasia. The expression of eNOS or VEGF was light in low-grade astrocytoma and strong in glioblastoma. eNOS expression in astrocytoma was very positively correlated with VEGF. eNOS and VEGF expression in anaplastic astrocytoma was median in contrast to the low grade astrocytoma and glioblastoma. Lower microvascular density was found in low grade astrocytoma than that in higher grade malignant ones. The expressions of eNOS and VEGF were correlated with microvascular density and tumor malignancy. Conclusion: This finding suggests that eNOS and VEGF may have cooperative effect in tumor angiogenesis and play an important role in the pathogenesis of primary astrocytoma.

A Parallel Algorithm for Adaptive Local Refinement of Tetrahedral Meshes Using Bisection

Local mesh refinement is one of the key steps in the implementations of adaptive finite element methods. This paper presents a parallel algorithm for distributed memory parallel computers for adaptive local refinement of tetrahedral meshes using bisection. This algorithm is used in PHG, Parallel Hierarchical Grid Chttp：//lsec. cc. ac. cn/phg/）, a toolbox under active development for parallel adaptive finite element solutions of partial differential equations. The algorithm proposed is characterized by allowing simukaneous refinement of submeshes to arbitrary levels before synchronization between submeshes and without the need of a central coordinator process for managing new vertices. Using the concept of canonical refinement, a simple proof of the independence of the resulting mesh on the mesh partitioning is given, which is useful in better understanding the behaviour of the biseetioning refinement procedure.

Liraglutide reduces oxidized LDL-induced oxidative stress and fatty degen- eration in Raw 264.7 cells involving the AMPK/SREBP1 pathway

Baekgound Recent studies have suggested a potential role for liraglutide in the prevention and stabilization ofatherosclerotic vascular disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of liraglutide on atherosclerosis have not been well elucidated. The pur- pose of this study was to examine whether liraglutide protects against oxidative stress and fatty degeneration via modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 （SREBP1） signaling pathway in foam ceils. Methods Mouse macrophages Raw264.7 cells were exposed to oxidized low density lipoprotein （oxLDL） to induce the formation of foam cells. The cells were incubated with oxLDL （50 μg/mL）, liraglutide （0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 nmol/L） or exendin-3 （9-39） （1, 10 and 100 nmol/L） alone, or in combination. Oil Red O staining was used to detect intracellular lipid droplets. The levels of TG and cholesterol were measured using the commercial kits. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase 1 （SOD）. Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of AMPKal, SREBP1, phosphory- lated AMPKal, phosphorylated SREBP1, glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1） and GLP-1 receptor （GLP-1R）. Results Oil Red O staining showed that the cytoplasmic lipid droplet accumulation was visibly decreased in foam cells by treatment with liraglutide. The TG and cholesterol content in the liraglutide-treated foam cells was significantly decreased. In addition, foam ceils manifested an impaired oxidative stress following liraglutide treatment, as evidenced by increased SOD, and decreased ROS and MDA. However, these effects of liraglutide on foam cells were attenuated by the use of GLP-IR antagonist exendin-3 （9-39）. Furthermore, we found that the expression level of AMPKa 1 and phosphorylated AMPKct 1 was significantly increased while the expression level of SREBP 1 and phosphorylated SREBP 1 was significantly decreased in foam cells following treatment with liraglutide. Conclusions This study for the first time demonstrated that the effect of liraglutide on reducing oxidative stress and fatty degeneration in oxLDL-induced Raw264.7 cells is accompanied by the alteration of AMPK/SREBP1 pathway. This study provided a potential molecular mechanism for the effect of liraglutide on reducing oxidative stress and fatty degeneration.

Expression of caveolin-1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with microvessel density

Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate the clinicopathologic significance of caveolin-1 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and its correlation with microvessel density (MVD).Methods:The expression of caveolin-1 was detected by the immunohistochemistry method,while the microvessel density was detected by the immunohistochemistry expression of CD34.Results:In the CCRCCs,the positive rate of caveolin-1 was 67.4%,the over expression of caveolin-1 was not related with sex and age,but related with clinicopathologic parameter,such as tumor sizes,clinical TMN stage,nuclear stage and survival time (P < 0.05).The MVD of positive caveolin-1 cases was significantly higher than that without caveolin-1 expression (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The expression of caveolin-1 is helpful in the prognostic evaluation of CCRCCs and it may be involved in the tumor angiogenesis.

Kernelized fourth quantification theory for mineral target prediction

This paper presents a nonlinear multidimensional scaling model, called kernelized fourth quantifica- tion theory, which is an integration of kernel techniques and the fourth quantification theory. The model can deal with the problem of mineral prediction without defining a training area. In mineral target prediction, the pre-defined statistical cells, such as grid cells, can be implicitly transformed using kernel techniques from input space to a high-dimensional feature space, where the nonlinearly separable clusters in the input space are ex- pected to be linearly separable. Then, the transformed cells in the feature space are mapped by the fourth quan- tifieation theory onto a low-dimensional scaling space, where the sealed cells can be visually clustered according to their spatial locations. At the same time, those cells, which are far away from the cluster center of the majority of the sealed cells, are recognized as anomaly cells. Finally, whether the anomaly cells can serve as mineral potential target cells can be tested by spatially superimposing the known mineral occurrences onto the anomaly ceils. A case study shows that nearly all the known mineral occurrences spatially coincide with the anomaly cells with nearly the smallest scaled coordinates in one-dimensional sealing space. In the case study, the mineral target cells delineated by the new model are similar to those predicted by the well-known WofE model.

Oxidative modification of high density lipoprotein induced by cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells

Objective: To observe the oxidative modification of high density lipoprotein (HDL) induced by cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Methods: HDL cocultured with SMCs at 37℃ in 48 h was subjected, and native HDL (N-HDL) served as control. Oxidative modification of HDL was identified by using agarose gel electrophoresis. Absorbances of conjugated diene (CD) and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) were measured with ultraviolet spectrophotometry at 234 and 560 nm respectively, and fluorescence intensity of thiobarbuturic acid reaction substance (TBARS) with fluorescence spectrophotometry at 550 nm emission wavelength with excitation at 515 nm. Results: In comparison with N-HDL, the electrophoretic mobility of SMCs-cocultured HDL was increased, and the contents of CD, LOOH and TBARS HDL were very significantly higher than those of the control HDL (P<0.01). Conclusion: Oxidative modification of HDL can be induced by human arterial SMCs.

Process Control and Optimization for Heterologous Protein Production by Methylotrophic Pichia pastoris

The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is a highly successful system for production of a variety of heterologous proteins due to its unique features/abilities for effective protein expression, and tremendous efforts have been made to increase heterologous protein productivity by P. pastoris in recent years. When new engineered yeast strains are constructed and are ready to use tot industrial protein production, process control and optimization techniques should be applied to improve the fermentation performance in the following aspects： （1） increase recombinant cell concentrations in fermentor to high density during growth phase; （2） effectively induce heterologous proteins by enhancing/stabilizing titers or concentrations of the proteins during induction phase; （3） decrease operation costs by relieving the working loads of heat-exchange and oxygen supply. This article reviews and discusses the key and commonly used techniques in heterologous protein production by P. pastoris, with the focus on optimizations of fermentation media and basic operation conditions, development of optimal glycerol feeding strategies for achieving high density cultivation of P. pastoris and effective heterologous protein induction methods by regulating specific growth rate, methanol concentration, temperatures, mixture ratio of multi-carbon substrates, etc. Metabolic analysis for recombinant protein production by P. pastoris is also introduced to interpret the mechanism of sub-optimal heterologous protein production and to explore further optimal expression methods.

The Effects of Cells Density Arrangement in Chlorella vulgaris Culture to C02 Fixation and Essential Substances Production

Global warming that triggered the climate change is largely due to increased CO2 concentrations. Utilization of Chlorella sp. to reduce CO2 gas is a promising potential. Chlorella can efficiently reduce CO2 and easily be adapted into the photobioreactor system engineering. In this research, the type of microalgae which is used is Chlorella vulgaris in Benneck medium. The system of used reactor is mid-scale bubble column photobioreactor flowed by air which contains 5% CO2. Chlorella vulgaris biomass production will be increased by adjusting the cell density in the photobioreactor. These arrangements will be implemented through a continuous treatment of cell entrapment. The arrangement of cell density in continuous reactor has been proven to increase production of Chlorella vulgaris biomass about 1.25 times more than cultivation without arrangement of cell density by using the same number of inoculums. The results also have shown that the average rate of CO2 fixation and Carbon Transfer Rate （CTR） are obtained at cell entrapment condition about 17 times larger. Continuous cellular entrapment method is very potential to be developed as a method for the production of biomass. Lipids and carotene that have been produced from Ch. vulgaris respectively are 18.24% and 9.42 ppm.

“五反”运动中“贪污分子”的证成程序研究

1960年代的城市"五反"是执政党运用群众运动的方式纠正基层干部"贪污盗窃、投机倒把"等经济犯罪行为的一场政治运动。嫌疑人被证成为"贪污分子"一般经过检举揭发、专案调查、本人交待、本人检查与认可、经济退赔、定案处理等程式化和细密化的程序。本文利用某地区48组"贪污分子"的个人档案材料讨论"五反"运动中复杂的证成程序,认为其是运动得以有序展开的关键。

Combination of vitamin C and zinc gluconate prevented vanadium-induced tight junction leakage of MDCK cell monolayer

The tight junction disorder plays an important role in the pathological process of many chronic diseases, and is becoming a major concern for the clinical application of metal drugs, i.e. anti-diabetic vanadium compounds. The development of novel tight junction protecting agents has thus been a major research focus. Since oxidative stress is the primary cause for vanadium toxicity, the present work tested the protective effects of zinc gluconate （Zn2＋） alone and when combined with vitamin C （VC） on the vanadium compound （VO（acac）z.）-mediated paracellular leakage of MDCK cells. The experimental results showed that VO（acac）2_ treatment significantly increased the paracellular permeability of MDCK monolayer. Zn2＋ alone showed no protective effects and VC ameliorated tight junction leakage of MDCK cells when given in the basal chamber. Interestingly, unilateral treatment with the combination of Zn2＋ and VC effectively prevented the increase of paracellular permeability. In addition, the combination of zinc and VC down-regulated the levels of reactive oxygen species in both the control and VO（acac）2-treated MDCK cells and caused the elevation of intracellular Ca2＋; both effects were beneficial for the maintenance of integrity of intercellular tight junction. Our results provided a simple but very effective method of preventing the metal toxicity for clinical aoNication of anti-diabetic vanadium compounds.

Membrane nanotubes:Novel communication between distant cells

The many kinds of cell structures involved in cell-cell communication include tight junction,adherens junction and gap junction,but almost all are between adjacent cells.Recently,a general and dynamic membrane tether,termed tunneling nanotubes or membrane nanotubes(MNTs),was discovered to be involved in communication between distant cells.By facilitating intercellular communication,MNTs contribute to many biological functions and pathologic changes in cells.Many works have revealed the structure,formation and functional properties of MNTs.However,as novel structures,further research is needed.