细胞凋亡抑制剂防护晶状体上皮细胞氧化损伤的信号转导机制

目的:旨在探讨细胞凋亡抑制剂阿魏酸钠(SF)、五味子乙素(Sch B)、菊花(FC)、车前子(SP)对氧化损伤的晶状体上皮细胞(LEC)内Ca2+、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)的影响,揭示天然药物防治白内障的细胞和分子学机制. 方法:将四种药物与H2O2造成氧化损伤的体外培养牛LEC共同孵育后,进行以下研究:1、采用四甲基偶氮唑兰(MTT)法观察在不同时间和浓度条件下LEC活性的变化.2、采用荧光分光光度法测定不同时间细胞内钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i).3、采用放射免疫法测定不同时间LEC内cAMP、cGMP的含量.观察药物的剂量效应与时间效应.

微小RNA-103a-3p通过肿瘤蛋白53调控凋亡抑制剂1/P53对骨质疏松症的影响

目的探讨微小RNA(miR)-103a-3p调控细胞肿瘤蛋白53调控凋亡抑制剂1(TRIAP1)对成骨细胞分化以及去卵巢小鼠骨量的影响。方法MC3T3-E1细胞分为正常对照(NC)组、miR-103a-3p-NC组、miR-103a-3p模拟(mimc)组、miR-103a-3p mimic+TRIAP1-NC组、miR-103a-3p mimic+TRIAP1 mimic组。Real-time PCR检测细胞miR-103a-3p、TRIAP1、P53的mRNA表达,MTT法和流式细胞术检测细胞增殖及凋亡,免疫荧光染色和茜红素染色检测细胞骨架F-actin表达和矿化情况,ELISA检测细胞碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性。24只雌性小鼠设为sham组、骨质疏松症(OP)组、miR-103a-3p antagonist-NC组和miR-103a-3p antagonist组,每组6只摘取双侧卵巢制备OP模型,sham组仅分离卵巢组织周围脂肪。测定骨组织miR-103a-3p、TRIAP1、P53、ALP、骨钙素(OCN)、骨桥蛋白(OPN)的mRNA表达,microCT测定骨密度(BMD)、骨矿物质含量(BMC),HE染色观察骨组织病理改变。结果细胞转染miR-103a-3p mimic后,miR-103a-3p及P53表达升高、TRIAP1表达降低,细胞增殖降低、凋亡增加,F-actin表达减弱,钙结节数量减少,ALP活性降低(P<0.01);而在增加转染TRIAP1 mimic后,以上miR-103a-3p mimics导致的结果均得到显著逆转(P<0.01)。OP组小鼠骨组织miR-103a-3p、P53表达升高,TRIAP1、ALP、OCN、OPN基因表达降低,BMD、BMC降低,骨组织结构破坏(P<0.05);miR-103a-3p antagonist组小鼠骨组织miR-103a-3p及P53表达降低,TRIAP1、ALP、OCN、OPN基因表达升高,BMD、BMC升高,骨组织结构改善(P<0.05)。结论MiR-103a-3p可介导TRIAP1/P53抑制成骨细胞增殖及矿化,而miR-103a-3p拮抗治疗可减少OP小鼠骨量丢失。

2-氨基噻唑衍生物的设计、合成及对细胞凋亡的抑制活性

目的研究2氨-基噻唑衍生物对神经细胞凋亡的抑制作用和构效关系。方法以PFTα-为先导物,设计并合成出相应的2-氨基噻唑衍生物,利用MTT法和FCM法测定其对由过氧化氢诱导产生的PC12细胞凋亡的抑制作用,利用Cerius2的QSAR+模块,求出其QSAR方程。结果合成了11个新型含2氨-基噻唑母环的Sch iff碱化合物II,利用IR,MS,1H NMR,13C NMR等法对上述化合物进行表征。细胞实验结果表明,2氨-基噻唑衍生物对PC12细胞具有一定的保护作用并对由过氧化氢诱导的PC12细胞凋亡具有一定的抑制作用。优化QSAR方程为Activity=6.947 68-0.088 72דLUMO”-0.043 018דA logp98”-0.128 752דRad0 fG ration”+0.018 246דD ipole-m ag”,上述方程的相关统计参数如下,r2=0.970,F-test=49.149,r=0.985,Lse=0.001。结论2氨-基噻唑衍生物对由过氧化氢诱导的PC12细胞凋亡具有较为明显的抑制作用,部分化合物如I-6,I-9和II-6对于PC12细胞具有细胞保护和细胞凋亡抑制双重活性。QSAR方程提示降低化合物的旋转半径以及化合物最低空轨道的能量有利于提高化合物的活性。

干扰TRIAP1表达增强口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞对顺铂敏感性实验研究

目的:探讨肿瘤蛋白53调控的细胞凋亡抑制剂1(TRIAP1)对口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)细胞顺铂(DDP)敏感性的影响及作用机制。方法:常规培养OSCC细胞系Cal-27细胞,采用分次DDP诱导递增法建立DDP耐药OSCC细胞株(DDP-Cal-27),MTS检测DDP-Cal-27细胞对DDP的敏感性,Western blot检测DDP-Cal-27细胞中TRIAP1的表达。并采用TRIAP1干扰慢病毒构建TRIAP1敲低的DDP耐药OSCC细胞株(sh-TRIAP1)及对照无关序列感染的DDP耐药OSCC细胞株(sh-NC),Western blot检测sh-TRIAP1细胞中TRIAP1的表达,MTS检测sh-TRIAP1细胞对DDP的敏感性。sh-NC组和sh-TRIAP1组细胞经DDP处理后,平板克隆检测各组细胞平板克隆形成能力,流式细胞仪检测各组细胞凋亡率,Western blot检测各组细胞中凋亡蛋白Caspase 9和Caspase 3蛋白的表达,耐药相关蛋白P-gp和ABCG2的表达。结果:与Cal-27细胞相比,DDP-Cal-27细胞对DDP的敏感性降低,DDP-Cal-27细胞中TRIAP1的表达增加(均P<0.05)。TRIAP1干扰慢病毒感染DDP-Cal-27细胞后,与sh-NC组相比,sh-TRIAP1组细胞中TRIAP1的表达降低和对DDP的敏感性增强(均P<0.05)。与sh-NC组相比,DDP处理的sh-TRIAP1组细胞平板克隆形成能力降低,细胞凋亡率增加(均P<0.05),sh-TRIAP1组细胞中凋亡蛋白Caspase 9和Caspase 3蛋白的表达增加,耐药相关蛋白P-gp和ABCG2表达降低(P<0.05)。结论:TRIAP1可能通过调控凋亡相关蛋白增加OSCC细胞DDP敏感性,是治疗OSCC的潜在靶点。

CD5L在多种疾病中生物学功能的研究进展

CD5L主要由巨噬细胞分泌和表达,是一种重要的免疫效应蛋白,其主要的细胞表面受体CD36存在于多种细胞中(包括巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、内皮细胞、脂肪细胞、肝细胞、心肌细胞和上皮细胞等),CD5L可作用于多种类型的细胞和组织。目前国内外的研究发现,CD5L不仅可作为抗凋亡蛋白,还广泛参与了多种疾病的发生、发展、预后及治疗。因此,该研究对CD5L与各个疾病的关系进行了综述。

ARC磷酸化是麻醉预处理抗细胞凋亡作用的关键因素

背景在心肌缺血一再灌注（ischemia／reperfusion，I／R）之前短暂暴露于挥发性麻醉剂中，被称为麻醉预处理，它可限制心肌损伤并抑制凋亡。半胱天冬酶募集域细胞凋亡抑制剂（apoptosisrepressorwithcaspaserecruitmentdomain，ARC）是一种可保护I／Rgf起的心肌凋亡的新型蛋白，可被磷酸化调控。因此我们假设麻醉预处理的抗凋亡作用可tt部分与ARC的磷酸化有关。方法实验中我们采用I／R的大鼠心脏模型进行七氟醚麻醉预处理。除了测定左室功能，也测定了给予和不给予麻醉预处理的ARC磷酸化水平。因为ARC的磷酸化状态是由钙神经素和蛋白激酶CK2所决定，所以通过钙神经素活性以及应用钙神经素抑制剂FK506和ARC磷酸化抑制剂4，5，6，7．四溴苯并三唑（TBB）来测定。结果无麻醉预处理的I／R组钙神经素增加，ARC磷酸化水平降低，而麻醉预处理可显著改善功能恢复、减少缺血损伤、限制钙神经素活性的增加、增加ARC磷酸化水平、减少细胞色素c释放以及阻止I／R后半胱天冬酶-8的增加。麻醉预处理的作用与FK506相似，可被TBB消除。结论本研究证实了一种麻醉预处理预防I／R后钙神经素增加的新途径，通过增加ARC的磷酸化水平减少凋亡标记物。

DcR3的研究进展

诱骗受体3（decoyreceptor3，DcR3）是新近发现的肿瘤坏死因子受体（TNFR）家族的新成员，DcR3f又称为TR6或M68）是一种表面受体，是一种特殊的细胞凋亡抑制剂肩皂和肿瘤坏死因子超家族成员Fas配体、LIGHT以及TL1A相结合，对它们介导的细胞凋亡起负调控的作用，它在肿瘤免疫、自身免疫、移植免疫和抗病毒免疫中发挥着重要的作用，在某些肿瘤、 疫病中高度表达，故逐渐受到人们的重视。本文就DcR3的生物学特性及其在肿瘤方面的研究进展作一综述。

Caspase-3:治疗神经退行性疾病的新靶点

Caspase 3是caspases家族 (一类天冬氨酸特异性酶切半胱氨酸蛋白酶 )中的成员 ,是哺乳动物细胞凋亡的关键蛋白酶 .随着研究的深入 ,发现caspase 3在神经退行性疾病的病理过程中起着很重要的角色 .Caspase 3在这些疾病的病理过程中 ,不仅仅是起着凋亡的效应器作用 ,还能直接与老年性痴呆症、帕金森氏症、亨廷顿舞蹈病、脊椎小脑失调等疾病的致病蛋白质分子相互作用 ,参与致病机制 .因此 ,caspase 3是治疗神经退行性疾病的新靶点 ,寻找caspase

DcR3在肿瘤中的研究进展

诱骗受体3（decoy receptor 3,DcR3）,又称为TR6或M68,是新近发现的可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体（TNFR）超家族的成员之一。DcR3是一种表面受体,也是一种特殊的细胞凋亡抑制剂,能和肿瘤坏死因子超家族成员Fas配体、LIGHT以及TL1A相结合,对他们介导的细胞凋亡起负调控作用,在肿瘤免疫、自身免疫、移植免疫和抗病毒免疫中发挥着重要的作用。因其在某些肿瘤、自身免疫病中高度表达，故逐渐受到人们的重视。

Effect of Nimesulide on proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells

AIM: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been suggested to be associated with carcinogenesis. We sought to investigate the effect of the selective COX-2 inhibitor, Nimesulide on proliferation and apoptosis of SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cells.METHODS: This study was carried out on the culture of hepatic carcinoma SMMC-7721 cell line. Various concentrations of Nimesulide (0, 200 micromol/L, 300 micromol/L, 400 micromol/L) were added and incubated. Cell proliferation was detected with MTT colorimetric assay, cell apoptosis by electron microscopy, flow cytometry and TUNEL.RESULTS: Nimesulide could significantly inhibit SMMC-7721 cells proliferation dose-dependent and in a dependent manner compared with that of the control group. The duration lowest inhibition rate produced by Nimesulide in SMMC-7721 cells was 19.06%, the highest inhibition rate was 58.49%. After incubation with Nimesulide for 72 h, the most highest apoptosis rate and apoptosis index of SMMC-7721 cells comparing with those of the control were 21.20%+/-1.62% vs 2.24%+/-0.26% and 21.23+/-1.78 vs 2.01+/-0.23 (P【0.05). CONCLUSION:The selective COX-2 inhibitor, Nimesulide can inhibit the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells and increase apoptosis rate and apoptosis index of SMMC-7721 cells. The apoptosis rate and the apoptosis index are dose-dependent. Under electron microscope SMMC-7721 cells incubated with 300 micromol and 400 micromol Nimesulide show apoptotic characteristics. With the clarification of the mechanism of selective COX-2 inhibitors, These COX-2 selective inhibitors can become the choice of prevention and treatment of cancers.

Expression and significance of new inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma

AM: To investigate expression and significance of inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: The expression of survivin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was investigated in 38 cases of HCC tissues and 38 liver cirrhosis tissues by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The relationship between the expression of survivin and clinicopathological factors of HCC was analyzed. RESULTS: Survivin protein was detected in 23 (60.5%) of 38 HCCs and 3 (7.9%) of 38 liver cirrhosis tissues. In 23 cases of HCC which expressed survivin, the expression of VEGF was positive in 18 cases and slight positive or negative in 5 cases. While in 15 cases of HCC which did not express survivin, 12 cases did not express or slightly expressed, and 3 cases expressed VEGF. In liver cirrhosis tissues, the expression of VEGF was as follows: 24 cases were negative, 10 cases were weak positive and 4 cases were strong positive. The expression of survivin was coincident with the expression of VEGF in HCC (P<0.01). The expression of survivin in HCC had no relationship with the patients' age, gender, tumor size and differentiation level of HCC, while it was related to the metastasis of HCC. The protein quantitative analysis by Western blot also showed that overexpression of survivin in HCC was closely correlated to the expression of VEGF (P<0.01). Furthermore, stronger expression of survivin and VEGF was also found in patients with metastasis rather than in those with no metastasis (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Survivin plays a pivotal role in the metastasis of HCC, and it has some correlation with tumorigenesis. The expression of survivin in the primary lesion is very useful as an indicator for metastasis and prognosis of HCC. It could become a new target of gene therapy of HCC.

S100A8/A9 induces autophagy and apoptosis via ROS-mediated cross-talk between mitochondria and lysosomes that involves BNIP3

The complex formed by two members of the S100 calcium-binding protein family, S100A8/A9, exerts apoptosisinducing activity in various cells of different origins. Here, we present evidence that the underlying molecular mechanisms involve both programmed cell death I （PCD I, apoptosis） and PCD II （autophagy）-like death. Treatment of cells with S100A8/A9 caused the increase of Beclin-1 expression as well as Atgl2-Atg5 formation. S100A8/A9-induced cell death was partially inhibited by the specific PI3-kinase class Ⅲ inhibitor, 3-methyladenine （3-MA）, and by the vacuole H＋-ATPase inhibitor, bafilomycin-A1 （Baf-A1）. S100A8/A9 provoked the translocation of BNIP3, a BH3 only pro-apoptotic Bcl2 family member, to mitochondria. Consistent with this finding, ATM-BNIP3 overexpression partially inhibited S100A8/A9-induced cell death, decreased reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation, and partially pro- tected against the decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential in S100A8/A9-treated ceils. In addition, either ATM-BNIP3 overexpression or N-acetyl-L-cysteine co-treatment decreased lysosomal activation in cells treated with S100A8/A9. Our data indicate that S100A8/A9-promoted cell death occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via ROS and the process involves BNIP3.

Synergistic suppression of the PI3K inhibitor CAL-101 with bortezomib on mantle cell lymphoma growth

Objective: To investigate the effects of CAL-101, particularly when combined with bortezomib(BTZ) on mantle cell lymphoma(MCL) cells, and to explore its relative mechanisms.Methods: MTT assay was applied to detect the inhibitory effects of different concentrations of CAL-101. MCL cells were divided into four groups: control group, CAL-101 group, BTZ group, and CAL-101/BTZ group. The expression of PI3K-p110σ, AKT, ERK, p-AKT and p-ERK were detected by Western blot. The apoptosis rates of CAL-101 group, BTZ group, and combination group were detected by flow cytometry. The location changes of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) of 4 groups was investigated by NF-κB Kit exploring. Western blot was applied to detect the levels of caspase-3 and the phosphorylation of AKT in different groups. Results: CAL-101 dose- and time-dependently induced reduction in MCL cell viability. CAL-101 combined with BTZ enhanced the reduction in cell viability and apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that CAL-101 significantly blocked the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathway in MCL cells. The combination therapy contributed to the inactivation of NF-κB and AKT in MCL cell lines. However, cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated after combined treatment. Conclusion: Our study showed that PI3K/p110σ is a novel therapeutic target in MCL, and the underlying mechanism could be the blocking of the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways. These findings provided a basis for clinical evaluation of CAL-101 and a rationale for its application in combination therapy, particularly with BTZ.

Thapsigargin increases apoptotic cell death in human hepatoma BEL-7404 cells

Effects of thapsigargin, an inhibitor of Ca2+-ATPase in surface of endoplasmic reticulum, on apoptotic cell death were studied in human hepatoma cells of BEL-7404 cell line by using both flow cytometry and electron mi-croscopy Propidium iodide staining and flow cytome- try revealed that in the serum-free condition, thapsigar-gin increased the rate of apoptosis of BEL- 7404 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Prolongation of the period of serum-free condition enhanced the apoptosis induced by thapsigargin treatment. Morphological observation with electron microscope further demonstrated that chromatin condensation and fragmentation, apoptotic bodies existed in TG-treated cells, supporting that thapsigargin is a po-tent activator of apoptosis in the cells.

Effect of trkA kinase inhibitor on apoptosis of human pterygium fibroblasts

Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the growth inhibition effects and the mechanisms of trkA kinase inhibitor on human pterygium fibroblasts（HPF）. Methods： Three normal conjunctivas and eleven pterygiums were surgically collected, trkA and p75 was examined in different tissues by immunohistochemistry, trkA and p75 expression was detected in HPF by immumofluorescence method. After being treated with 10-80 nmol/L trkA kinase inhibitor for 24-96 h, the growth activities of HPF were studied by MTT colorimetry. Caspase-3 was inspected in HPF by spectrophotometric method. The apoptosis of HPF was detected by flow cytometry. Results： Expression of trkA and p75 was significantly observed in epithelium and fibroblast of pterygium tissues. Expression of trkAwas observed in epithelium and fibroblast of normal conjunc- tiva. Expression of p75 was only observed in epithelium of normal conjuncUva, trkA kinase inhibitor could effectively inhibit the growth of human pterygium fibroblasts in vitro in time and dose dependent manners. Caspase-3 expression was increased. The rates of apoptosis were 8.26%-29.62% （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： TrkA and p75 possibly participate in genesis and development of pterygium, trkA kinase inhibitor could induce apoptosis of human pterygium fibroblasts. Inducing apoptosis through changing the ratio of trkA and p75 in fibroblasts and up-regulate Caspase-3 was probably one of its molecular mechanisms.

Enhanced apoptosis in post-liver transplant hepatitis C:Effects of virus and immunosuppressants

Hepatitis C(HCV)-infected patients have a poorer survival post-liver transplantation compared to patients transplanted for other indications,since HCV recurrence post-transplant is universal and commonly follows an aggressive course.There is increasing evidence that in the non-transplant setting,induction of hepatocyte apoptosis is one of the main mechanisms by which HCV drives liver inflammation and fibrosis,and that HCV proteins directly promote apoptosis.Recent studies have shown that post-liver transplant,there is a link between high levels of HCV replication,enhanced hepatocyte apoptosis and the subsequent development of rapidly progressive liver fibrosis.Although the responsible mechanisms remain unclear,it is likely that immunosuppressive drugs play an important role.It is well known that immunosuppressants impair immune control of HCV,thereby allowing increased viral replication.However there is also evidence that immunosuppressants may directly induce apoptosis and this may be facilitated by the presence of high levels of HCV replication.Thus HCV and immunosuppressants may synergistically interact to further enhance apoptosis and drive more rapid fibrosis.These findings suggest that modulation of apoptosis within the liver either by changing immunosuppressive therapy or the use of apoptosis inhibitors may help prevent fibrosis progression in patients with post-transplant HCV disease.

Lipids-induced Apoptosis Is Aggravated by Acyl-coenzyme A:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibitor

Objective To investigate the role of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor(ACATI) in apoptosis induced by lipids and whether lipids-induced apoptosis is accompanied by increase of free cholesterol in endoplasmic reticulum(ER),in order to further understand the mechanism of lipids-induced apoptosis in advanced atherosclerosis.Methods Human vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA) differentiated THP-1 macrophages were used.Tritiated thymidine incorporation was applied to detect cell proliferation.Cytotoxicity was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release.4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI) staining,caspase-3,-7 assay,and Annexin-V/propidium iodide(PI) staining were used to detect apoptosis.High performance liquid chromatography was used in intracellular free cholesterol and cholesterol ester assay.ER free cholesterol was quantified.Results Different lipids had different effects on proliferation and cytotoxicity of VSMCs.25-hydroxycholesterol(25OHC) had biphasic effects on the proliferation of VSMCs.At low concentration,it stimulated cell proliferation,but turned to proliferation inhibition as concentration reached 15 μg/mL.25OHC and acetylated low density lipoprotein(AcLDL) could respectively induce apoptosis in human VSMCs and PMA differentiated THP-1 macrophages,which was aggravated by ACATI,accompanied by increase of intracellular free cholesterol content.There was also an increase of cholesterol content in ER with AcLDL-induced apoptosis in THP-1 macrophages.Conclusions Lipids could induce apoptosis,accompanied by increase of intracellular free cholesterol content,which could be augmented by ACATI,suggesting that insults resulting in ER free cholesterol rise might be the initiator of apoptosis.

沉默cIAP-1基因对膀胱癌细胞表柔比星化疗敏感性的影响

目的探讨沉默细胞凋亡蛋白抑制剂1(cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1,c IAP-1)基因对膀胱癌细胞株T24及EJ细胞化疗敏感性的影响。方法体外培养T24及EJ细胞,分别接受4.6、9.2、18.4、36.8、73.6μmol/L的表柔比星处理。构建p GCsi-H1-shRNA(沉默c IAP-1基因)及p GCsi-H1-control(对照)两种质粒载体,并分别对处于对数生长期的T24及EJ细胞进行转染。未转染的细胞作为阴性对照。采用荧光标记法及CCK8试验检测细胞凋亡情况,Western blot及实时定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)分别检测c IAP-1蛋白及mRNA的相对表达量,流式细胞术检测细胞周期的变化情况。结果转染p GCsi-H1-shRNA的T24及EJ细胞较转染p GCsi-H1-control的细胞及未转染的细胞c IAP-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平显著降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。不同浓度表柔比星处理条件下,与未沉默c IAP-1的细胞比较,沉默c IAP-1的细胞生存率均明显降低,其细胞周期明显被阻滞在G1/G0期,细胞凋亡率显著增加(P均<0.05)。结论沉默c IAP-1基因表达可提高膀胱癌细胞对表柔比星化疗敏感性。

Rho signaling inhibitor,Y-27632,inhibits invasiveness of metastastic hepatocellular carcinoma in a mouse model

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is among the mostcommon tumors worldwide.Despite extensiveexploration of novel therapies,the prognosis of HCCpatients with intrahepatic metastasis is still poor,and notreatment is effective against metastases.Therefore,more effective therapeutic strategies for treatment ofmetastasis are urgently needed.