不规则抗体在不同介质中漏检所致的输血风险

不规则抗体是指抗．A和抗．B以外的抗体，不规则抗体是引起溶血性输血反应的主要原因之一，同时也是引起新生儿溶血病或使输入红细胞存活时间缩短的原因之一。快速准确地检出患者体内的血型免疫抗体对安全输血具有重要意义。抗球蛋白和聚凝胺是目前应用最广泛的检测IgG性质红细胞血型抗体的2种介质，结果准确可靠。本例发现抗球蛋白实验漏检2例Rh系统抗体，聚凝胺漏检1例Kidd系统抗体，值得引起重视，现报告如下。

口服自体造血“红宝”的临床效果

据社会调查，人群中贫血体虚、血液病（白血病、地贫、再障、药品性、血小扳减少性、缺铁性、不明原因贫血、失血过多、病后体虚、营养不良、孕产妇贫血、老年衰老性贫血等）相当普遍，时刻危害着人们的身体健康以及生命。口服人造血基础剂“红宝”当天吸收见效，10天一疗程，服约800ml自体造出优质的鲜血约400ml左右，在临床试验中对造血功能障碍及血液病者也能够自体造血，且能有效造出血色素（Hb）、血小扳（Pc）、白细胞（WBC）、红细胞（RBC）血细胞存活时间更长。可免除昂贵的输血费用和血源紧张及感染的危险，有效提高了治疗率。

In Vitro Lethal Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Its Major Influencing Factors

OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro lethal effect of photo- dynamic therapy （PDT） using the photosensitizer hematoporphyrin on the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1, the major influencing factors and the mechanisms of treatment. METHODS Three factors--the time needed for photosensitizer and cell incubation, the photosensitizer concentration （PhoC） and the exposure dose （ExpD）--were examined with different levels of these factors. Optical density （OD） was used as a measure of CCK-8 in the experiment, and was converted to the rate of cell survival. The separate effect of each factor on the photodynamic action was studied, and the interactions were investigated. The effects of different incubation times and PhoC levels on the fluorescence intensity （FI） of the intracellular photosensitizer were determined, and the mechanisms of these factors leading to the therapeutic effects of PDT discussed. RESULTS An increase in the photosensitizer and cell incubation time, an increase of PhoC, and enhancement of the ExpD, produced a corresponding decrease in the rate of Panc-1 cell survival after PDT （P 〈 0.05）. PDT achieved its maximum lethal effects 16 h after starting the incubation, with a PhoC of 10 mg/L and an ExpD of 20 J/cm2; at these levels a synergistic interaction between PhoC and the ExpD occurred, decreasing the cell survival rate （P 〈 0.05）. Neither simple administration of photosensitizer without ExpD （0 J/cm2） or illumination in the absence of PhoC （0 mg/L） affected the rate of cell survival （P 〉 0.05）. With an increase of PhoC and lengthening of the incubation time, the FI of the intracellular photosensitizer accordingly increased （P 〈 0.05）, and attained its maximum value at a PhoC of 10 mg/L and 36 h after the incubation. With an increase of PhoC, the FI of the photosensitizer, hematoporphyrin, in the solution increased progressively at first and then decreased （fluorescence quenching）. CONCLUSION PDT with the photosensitizer hematoporphyrin has clear lethal effects on the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1, but the presence of a photosensitizer and laser irradiation by themselves do not have independent lethal effects. The three influencing factors--the time for photosensitizer and cell incuba- tion, PhoC and ExpD--correlate positively with the PDT response, within certain limits. Beyond these limits, the PDT response does not significantly increase. The main mechanism of the PDT response lies in the effect of these factors on the level of the intracellular photosensitizer and the fluorescence quenching of the photosensitizer. A synergistic effect exists between PhoC and ExpD.

A New Method of Establishing Orthotopic Bladder Transplantable Tumor in Mice

Objective The present study aims to find a convenient, rapid, and stable method to establish bladder tumor in mice. Methods Female Balb/C-nu-nu nude mice （or female T739 mice） were narcotized by sodium pentobarbital at a dosage of 60 mg/ kg. The stylet of the 24# venous retention needles was bent in a 5° to 7° angle at a distance of 15 mm from the needlepoint to form a circle with 2.61 mm to 3.66 mm radius when the stylet is rotated. The pipe casing was lubricated with liquid paraffin, and inserted into the bladder cavity. The drift angle stylet was inserted into the pipe casing slowly, rotated for five times, and then pulled out. A cell 6 suspension （0.1 mL） of approximately lx10 T24 cells （or BTT cells） was then injected imme＆ately. Results A total of 60 T739 mice and 60 Balb/C-nu-nu nude mice were inoculated with BTT cells and T24 cells, respectively. The bladder tumor incidence and the average survival time of the tumor-bearing mice were 100% and （26.69±9.24） d and 100% and （34.59±9.8） d for the T739 mice and Balb/C-nu-nu nude mice, respectively. Conclusions Using the drift angle stylet to injure the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder can establish a stable bladder transplantable tumor model in mice.

混合细胞共微囊化对肝细胞功能的支持作用

目的观察大鼠肝细胞、转基因肝星状细胞株HGF/CFSC和/或大鼠骨髓来源Thy-1+β2M-细胞(BDTC)共微囊化对肝细胞生物学活性的支持,及腹腔移植混合细胞微囊对急性肝衰竭大鼠肝功能的改善作用.方法利用微囊发生器制备含肝细胞或混合细胞的微囊,依微囊内包裹细胞种类不同,分为微囊化肝细胞组、微囊化肝细胞+CFSC/HGF组)和微囊化肝细胞+CFSC/HGF+BDTC组,通过观察囊内细胞形态和体外培养测定培养液中白蛋白和尿素的分泌,判断各组囊内肝细胞活性和功能的维持;将90%肝大部切除所致的急性肝衰竭大鼠按照移植微囊种类不同分为空囊对照组和上述3个实验组(每组10只),观察腹腔植入后不同时间大鼠的一般状况、存活时间、血生化改变、肝组织再生及微囊化移植物的组织学特征.结果与单独肝细胞微囊者相比,混合细胞微囊内肝细胞存活时间超过1倍,培养液中白蛋白分泌和尿素合成量明显增加(均P<0.01);与对照组相比,微囊化肝细胞或微囊化混合肝细胞移植后,急性肝衰竭大鼠的肝功能显著改善、存活率明显提高(10/10 vs 1/10),其肝组织再生完全;移植21～42 d时,部分微囊附着于肝脏表面并出现血管化,微囊表面存在不同程度的纤维化,微囊内仍有存活的细胞,以微囊化混合肝细胞组优于微囊化肝细胞组.结论混合细胞共微囊化能明显改善囊内肝细胞的存活寿命、形态和功能的维持,微囊化混合肝细胞腹腔移植对促进急性肝衰竭大鼠的肝功能恢复具有显著作用.

Comparison of two different kinds of regimens in treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Objective： The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the recent efficacy and toxicity of a three-drug platinum-based regimen （A regimen）： [cisplatin （DDP） ＋ gemcitabine （GEM） ＋ vinorelbine （NVB）] and a two-drug combination without a platinum drug （B regimen）： GEM ＋ NVB, which were used to treat 55 advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients, in a bid to provide a guidance for clinical treatment. Methods： Twenty-four cases of advanced NSCLC （stage Ill-IV） patients were treated with A regimen （DDP 35 mg/m^2 d1-3; GEM 1250 mg/m^2 d1, 8 ）. The other 31 cases were treated with B （GEM 1250 mg/m^2 d1,8; NVB 25 mg/m^2 d1, 8 ）. Repeat every 3 weeks for 6 courses. Results： In A regimen group, the overall response rate was 45.8% （CR ＋ PR = 11）, median response time was 5.5 months, median survival time was 11 months and 1-year survival rate was 41.7%. In B regimen group, the overall response rate was 48.4% （CR ＋ PR = 15） and median response time, survival time and 1-year survival rate were respectively 6.5 and 10 months and 41.9%. The major toxicities were nausea/vomiting, myelosuppression in A regimen group, myelosuppression and phlebitis in B regimen group, respectively. Conclusion： A regimen and B regimen for advanced NSCLC have similar response rate （P 〉 0.05）. B regimen, a two-drug combination without a platinum drug is of less toxicity and more safety than A regimen, a three-drug platinum-based regimen and is recommended to be a regimen in the first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC.

我国自主研发出可打印人体细胞的3D打印机

新华社杭州8月7日电，来自杭州电子科技大学等高校的科学家自主研发出一台生物材料3D打印机。科学家们使用生物医用高分子材料、无机材料、水凝胶材料或活细胞，目前已在这台打印机上成功打印出较小比例的人类耳朵软骨组织、肝脏单元等。该生物材料3D打印机研发团队负责人、杭州电子科技大学教授徐铭恩说，这台生物材料3D打印机具有打印生物材料种类多、对细胞损伤率低、打印精度较高和操作方便等特点。和国际同类打印机相比，这台名为Regenovo的3D打印机不仅实现了无菌条件下的生物材料和细胞3D打印，而且新型的温控单元和打印喷头设计，能够支持从-5℃到260℃熔融的多种生物材料打印。徐铭恩介绍说：“Regenovo支持活细胞打印，打印的细胞有着高达90％的存活率。”目前打印出来的活细胞存活时间最长为4个月。不过，从人体细胞、组织乃至器官被打印出来到真正应用于临床，还有相当长一段路需要走。徐铭恩说这需要多种领域的科学家通力合作。