浅谈细胞学说的建立到细胞生物学的发展

细胞生物学是研究细胞结构、功能及生活史的一门科学。本文从细胞学说的建立和细胞学的形成、电镜下的细胞和细胞生物学的兴起以及现代细胞生物学与分子生物三方面，简述了细胞生物学的发展历程。

Primary study on Nosema bombycis Infecting the Insect of Drosophila

[ Objective ] The aim of this study was to investigate the infectivity of Nosema bombycis to drosophila, which offered a new vision for systematical studies on the infection mechanism of Nosema bombycis, and also provided reference for the bio-control effect of Nosema bombycis. [ Method ] Nosema bombycis was used to feed wild type and mutant drosophila, and the morphological observation of Nosema bombycis in drosophila body fluid was also analyzed by calcofluor white M2R fluorescent staining. [ Result] Nosema bombycis could infect drosophila, and the number of Nosema bombycis in the infected mutant drosophila was higher than that in wild type drosophila. [ Conclusion ] Nosema bombycis can infect drosophila, which provides primary reference for studies on the infectivity of Nosema bombycis to other hosts and also lays a foundation for further study on the infection mechanism of Nosema bombycis.

Physiological and pathological role of local and immigrating colonic stem cells

The latest avenue of research is revealing the existence of and role for the colonic stem cells in the physiological renewal of the mucosa and in pathological circumstanc- es where they have both positive and negative effects. In the case of human colon, different levels of stem cell compartments exist. First, the crypt epithelial stem cells, which have a role in the normal crypt epithelial cell dynamics and in colorectal carcinogenesis. Close to the crypts, the second layer of stern cells can be found; the local subepithelial stem cell niche, including the pericryptic subepithelial myofibroblasts that regulate the epithelial cell differentiation and have a crucial role in cancer progression and chronic inflammation-related fibrosis. The third level of stem cell compartment is the immigrating bone-marrow-derived stem cells, which have an important role in wound healing after severe mucosal inflammation, but are also involved in cancer invasion. This paper focuses on stem cell biology in the context of physiological and pathological processes in the human colon.

AGING OF HUMAN MATURE ERYTHROCYTES IS LIKE A PROCESS OF APOPTOSIS IN ENUCLEATED CELL

Apoptosis of nucleated cells is well known, but how about the unnucleated cells is still not elucidated. In the present paper, the morphological and biochemical features of the aged erythrocytes were observed and compared with the characteristic events of apoptosis. Membrane of aged erythrocytes tends to shrink, protrude, from vesicle and lose lipid asymmetry. Aged erythrocytes were removed by phagocytosis. Both of the events are very similar to the apoptotic nucleated cells. The authors suggested that aging of erythro- cytes is also a process of apoptosis.

"Artificial Sperms" Induced from Mice Oocytes

On Nov 17th,a team of researchers from the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology（SIBCB）,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,CAS led by Prof.LI Jinsong reports online in Cell Research a novel technique to induce from mice oocytes haploid embryonic stems cells（haESCs）that can fully replace the reproductive functions of sperms,greatly simplifying the otherwise complicated techniques to produce such stem cells and semi-cloned（SC）mice.It is anticipated that this will further facilitate research in the field of stem cells and embryonic development;

Protective effect of oat bran extracts on human dermal fibroblast injury induced by hydrogen peroxide

Oat contains different components that possess antioxidant properties; no study to date has addressed the antioxidant effect of the extract of oat bran on the cellular level. Therefore, the present study focuses on the investi- gation of the protective effect of oat bran extract by enzymatic hydrolysates on human dermal fibroblast injury induced by hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）. Kjeldahl determination, phenol-sulfuric acid method, and high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） analysis indicated that the enzymatic products of oat bran contain a protein amount of 71.93%, of which 97.43% are peptides with a molecular range from 438.56 to 1301.01 Da. Assays for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging activity indicate that oat peptide-dch extract has a direct and concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide （MTT） colorimetric assay and the TdT-mediated digoxigenin-dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） assay for apoptosis showed that administration of H2O2 in human dermal fibroblasts caused cell damage and apoptosis. Pre-incubation of human dermal fibroblasts with the Oatp for 24 h markedly inhibited human dermal fibroblast injury induced by H2O2, but ap- plication oat peptides with H2O2 at same time did not. Pre-treatment of human dermal fibroblasts with Oatp significantly reversed the H2O2-induced decrease of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and the inhibition of malondialdehyde （MDA）. The results demonstrate that oat peptides possess antioxidant activity and are effective against H2O2-induced human dermal fibroblast injury by the enhanced activity of SOD and decrease in MDA level. Our results suggest that oat bran will have the potential to be further explored as an antioxidant functional food in the prevention of aging-related skin injury.

Preparation and in vitro activity of controlled release microspheres incorporating bFGF

Objective： To study the preparative method of controlled release microspheres incorporating basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） and the bioaetivities of bFGF, which were released from bFGF mierospheres, on the cultured Sehwann cells. Methods： bFGF was microcapsulated with the multiple emulsion encapsulative method using polylactic-coglycolic acid （PLGA） as coating material. Its morphology, particle size distribution, drug loading, enveloping rate and in vitro release property were studied. The cultured Schwann cells were grouped according to the different ingredients being added to the culture medium of bFGF group or bFGF-PLGA group. Then the cytometry, cytoactivity detection and mitotic cycle analysis of Schwann cells were performed. Results： The morphology and the particle size distribution of the bFGF-PLGA microspheres were even and good. The drug loading and enveloping rate of microspheres were （ 27.18×10^-3 ） % ± （0.51×10^-3） % and 66.43 % ± 1.24 %. The release property of microspheres in vitro was good and the overall release rate was 72. 47 % in 11 days. The in vitro cellular study showed that： at the first 2 days of plate culture, the cell number and viability of the bFGF group were statistically higher than the bFGF-PLGA group; at the 3rd and 4th days of plate culture, the cell number and viability of bFGF and bFGF-PLGA groups showed no difference; at the 6th and 8th days of the plate culture, the cell number and viability of the bFGF-PLGA group were statistically higher than the bFGF group. By flow eytometry examination, at the 2nd day of plate culture, the G2/M ＋ S percentage of bFGF group was statistically higher than the bFGF-PLGA group, at the 4th and 8th days of plate culture, the G2/M ＋ S percentage of the bFGF-PLGA group was statistically higher than the bFGF group. Conclusions： It is practical to prepare the bFGF- PLGA microspheres with the multiple emulsion eneapsulative method, bFGF-PLGA mierospheres can preserve the bioaetivities of bFGF effectively and promote the proliferation of Sehwann cells in a long period because of the controlled release of bFGF from the mierospheres.