诱导痰细胞学计数及支原体DNA检测在支原体肺炎中的应用

肺炎支原体肺炎（Mycoplasmal Pneumonia,MPP）主要的病原体为肺炎支原体,好发于学龄期儿童及青壮年,其临床主要的病理改变为间质性炎。流行病学调查显示,MPP占小儿肺部疾病的30%左右,且呈不断上升趋势,严重者威胁患儿的生命。国内外研究中均显示呼吸道MP感染存在混合感染的情况,混合感染的病原体包括细菌、病毒以及其他非典型病原体,早期诊断及早治疗能够促进本病的治愈。

探究呼出气一氧化氮水平与诱导痰细胞学分类计数在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的治疗意义

分析呼出气一氧化氮检测(FeNO)与诱导痰细胞学分类计数监测对慢性阻塞性肺疾病治疗的指导作用及其价值。方法 研究时间在2023年2月到2024年2月,观察组为我院接诊的150例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者,对照组为同期健康体检的150名志愿者,对两组人员均完成呼出气一氧化氮水平与诱导痰细胞学分类计数检测,观察组患者在规范治疗后需要再次完成FeNO检测,分析诱导痰细胞学分类计数结果,整理并分析各项检测数据。结果 观察组呼出气一氧化氮水平与诱导痰细胞学分类计数同对照组之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗后较治疗前FeNO与诱导痰细胞学分类计数之间存在显著差异(P<0.05。观察组治疗后相对于治疗前的肺功能评价指标显著提高(P<0.05)。相关性分析,FeNO同部分诱导痰细胞学分类计数之间存在正相关,部分肺功能指标同诱导痰细胞学分类计数检测后的中性粒细胞计数、痰嗜酸粒细胞计数之间存在负相关(P<0.05)。结论 对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者在治疗期间加强呼出气一氧化氮水平与诱导痰细胞学分类计数的监测,能够更好地反馈出患者的病情以及治疗效果,预测慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者使用糖皮质激素治疗的反应以及效果情况,更好地预测患者预后,指导患者的临床治疗。

不同临床表型哮喘患者咳嗽和气道炎症特点分析

目的 分析不同临床表型哮喘患者咳嗽和气道炎症特点。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月~2021年9月于山西医科大学第一医院呼吸科门诊新确诊的支气管哮喘患者205例,根据临床症状将其分为典型哮喘伴咳嗽组、典型哮喘不伴咳嗽组、咳嗽变异性哮喘组(CVA),对三组哮喘患者咳嗽特点和气道炎症进行分析。结果 典型哮喘伴咳嗽组与CVA组咳嗽性质、时相、诱发或加重因素无差异,CVA组的咳嗽日间评分为(3.2±1.12)分,高于典型哮喘伴咳嗽组(2.88±1.07)分(P<0.05);CVA组中影响日常生活者占47%,多于典型哮喘伴咳嗽组(27%)(P<0.05)。典型哮喘伴咳嗽组诱导痰嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(EOS%)为(20.36±51.74)%,高于典型哮喘不伴咳嗽组(8.18±12.76)%和CVA组(1.44±3.88)%(P<0.05);典型哮喘伴咳嗽组FeNO值为(66.9±50.8)ppb,高于典型哮喘不伴咳嗽组(44.40±29.46)ppb和CVA组(39.69±37.97)ppb(P<0.05)。结论 咳嗽严重影响哮喘患者的日常活动,伴有慢性咳嗽的哮喘患者有着更严重的气道炎症。

Primary study on Nosema bombycis Infecting the Insect of Drosophila

[ Objective ] The aim of this study was to investigate the infectivity of Nosema bombycis to drosophila, which offered a new vision for systematical studies on the infection mechanism of Nosema bombycis, and also provided reference for the bio-control effect of Nosema bombycis. [ Method ] Nosema bombycis was used to feed wild type and mutant drosophila, and the morphological observation of Nosema bombycis in drosophila body fluid was also analyzed by calcofluor white M2R fluorescent staining. [ Result] Nosema bombycis could infect drosophila, and the number of Nosema bombycis in the infected mutant drosophila was higher than that in wild type drosophila. [ Conclusion ] Nosema bombycis can infect drosophila, which provides primary reference for studies on the infectivity of Nosema bombycis to other hosts and also lays a foundation for further study on the infection mechanism of Nosema bombycis.

Rifaximin for the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

According to a review article by Biecker et al published in a previous issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology in March 2011,intestinal decontamination with norfloxacin remains the mainstay of primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) at the expense of development of quinolone-resistant bacteria after long-term use.In our research,the administration of a 4-wk regimen with rifaximin 1200 mg/d reduced significantly the ascitic neutrophil count in cirrhotic patients with sterile ascites in line with a significant decrease in plasma endotoxin levels.Our observations concur with recent findings,showing a significantly reduced 5-year probability of SBP in cirrhotic patients taking rifaximin.

Microscopic colitis as a missed cause of chronic diarrhea

AIM: To determine the prevalence of increased intraepithelial lymphocytes, using immunohistochemistry in patients with normal colonoscopy and near normal biopsy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all non-malignant colon mucosal biopsies between 2005 and 2007, reported as normal, chronic inflammation or melanosis coli in patients who were undergoing routine colonoscopy. Immunohistochemistry using CD3 was performed on all mucosal biopsies and an intraepithelial lymphocyte count (IEL) was determined. Cases with an IEL count of ≥ 20 IELs per 100 surface epithelial cells were correlated with demographic, clinical and follow-up data. A further subgroup was evaluated for lymphocytic colitis.RESULTS: Twenty (8.3%) of 241 cases revealed an IEL count ≥ 20. Six (2.5%) patients were identified as having lymphocytic colitis (P < 0.001), of whom, five were missed on initial evaluation (P = 0.01). Four of these five patients were labeled with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). On follow-up, three of the remaining 20 cases were diagnosed with malignancy (renal cell carcinoma and myelodysplastic syndrome) and one had an unknown primary tumor with multiple liver metastases. Two cases of collagenous colitis with an IEL count < 10 were included in this study. Increased IELs were not confined to patients with diarrhea as a primary presenting symptom, but were also present in patients with abdominal pain (n = 7), constipation (n = 3) and loss of weight (n = 1). CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemistry using CD3 is of value in identifying and quantifying IELs for the presence of microscopic colitis in patients with diarrheapredominant IBS.

Chronic Toxicity of a Novel Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor in Rats

Objective To assess the severity and reversibility of the chronic toxicity of a novel recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSFa) in rats and the dose-effect relationship.Methods A total of 100 Sprague-Dawley rats (equal numbers of male and female) were randomly divided into five groups (20 rats in each group):four groups were treated with rhG-CSFa at 500,100,10,1 μg/kg,respectively,and one group was treated with vehicle only to serve as the control.The rats were received subcutaneous injections of rhG-CSFa or vehicle daily for 13 weeks.During the course of the chronic toxicity study,the physical status,body weight,and food consumption were monitored.Half of the rats in each group (n=10) were sacrificed after the last rhG-CSFa administration,and the other half were sacrificed at five weeks after the last rhG-CSFa administration.Urinalyses,blood biochemistry,hematological analysis,histopathological examination,and immunological tests were performed for each of the rats.Results The hematological analyses revealed that the mean white blood cells count,neutrophils count,and neutrophils percentage were increased in male rats at the dose of 10 μg/kg or higher,and these were related with the biological activity of rhG-CSFa.Some small abnormalities were observed in the spleen of a few rats when used highest dose (500 μg/kg,a dosage of 200 folds higher than the normal clinical dosage),but these abnormalities were recovered within 5-week recovery period.No other rhG-CSFa-related abnormalities were observed in this chronic toxicity study.Conclusion No significant toxicity and immunogenicity are observed with rhG-CSFa administration to rats in the chronic toxicity studies.

Design of Cellular Manufacturing Systems Considering Dynamic Production Planning and Worker Assignments

This article presents a comprehensive mathematical model for the design and analysis of Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing Systems （DCMS）. The proposed DCMS model considers several manufacturing attributes such as multi period production planning, dynamic system reconfiguration, duplicate machines, machine capacity, the available time for workers, worker assignments, and machine procurement. The objective is to minimize total costs; consisting of holding cost, outsourcing cost, inter-cell material handling cost, maintenance and overhead cost, machine relocation cost. While a study of published articles in the area of Cellular Manufacturing Systems （CMS） shows that workforce management issues have not sufficiently been addressed in the literature, the model presented also incorporates CMS workforce management issues such as salaries, hiring and firing costs of workers in addition to the manufacturing attributes. In-depth discussions on the results for two numerical examples are presented to illustrate applications of the proposed model. The model developed aims to raise the envelope by expanding and improving several CMS models previously presented in the literature.