In this study,the effects of ‘initial’ soil moisture(SM) in arid and semi-arid Northwestern China on subsequent climate were investigated with a regional climate model. Besides the control simulations(denoted as CTL...In this study,the effects of ‘initial’ soil moisture(SM) in arid and semi-arid Northwestern China on subsequent climate were investigated with a regional climate model. Besides the control simulations(denoted as CTL),a series of sensitivity experiments were conducted,including the DRY and WET experiments,in which the simulated ‘initial’ SM over the region 30 –50°N,75 –105°E was only 5% and 50%,and up to 150% and 200% of the simulated value in the CTL,respectively. The results show that SM change can modify the subsequent climate in not only the SM-change region proper but also the far downstream regions in Eastern and even Northeastern China. The SM-change effects are generally more prominent in the WET than in the DRY experiments. After the SM is initially increased,the SM in the SM-change region is always higher than that in the CTL,the latent(sensible) heat flux there increases(decreases),and the surface air temperature decreases. Spatially,the most prominent changes in the WET experiments are surface air temperature decrease,geopotential height decrease and corresponding abnormal changes of cyclonic wind vectors at the mid-upper troposphere levels. Generally opposite effects exist in the DRY experiments but with much weaker intensity. In addition,the differences between the results obtained from the two sets of sensitivity experiments and those of the CTL are not always consistent with the variation of the initial SM. Being different from the variation of temperature,the rainfall modifications caused by initial SM change are not so distinct and in fact they show some common features in the WET and DRY experiments. This might imply that SM is only one of the factors that impact the subsequent climate,and its effect is involved in complex processes within the atmosphere,which needs further investigation.展开更多
目的分析2017-2018年湖南省脊灰实验室所用细胞系的滴度值、急性弛缓性麻痹(acute flaccid paralysis,AFP)病例病原学特征、非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒(non-polio enterovirus,NPEV)分离率及分布情况,为维持无脊灰状态及预防其传播提供依据...目的分析2017-2018年湖南省脊灰实验室所用细胞系的滴度值、急性弛缓性麻痹(acute flaccid paralysis,AFP)病例病原学特征、非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒(non-polio enterovirus,NPEV)分离率及分布情况,为维持无脊灰状态及预防其传播提供依据。方法依照WHO《脊髓灰质炎病毒检验手册》(2004年第四版)方法,对AFP病例粪便标本采用鼠肺细胞(mouse L cells expressing the human poliovirus receptor,L20B)和人横纹肌肉瘤细胞(rhabdomyosarcoma,RD)进行肠道病毒(enterovirus,EV)分离,L20B细胞阳性分离物转RD细胞阳性者再进行脊髓灰质炎型内鉴定实验,脊髓灰质炎阳性毒株送中国疾病预防控制中心国家脊髓灰质炎实验室进行型内鉴定。结果在506例(1011份)AFP病例标本中,分离出脊髓灰质炎病毒(polioviru,PV)2株、NPEV 77株,分离率分别为0.20%、7.62%;2株I型PV阳性毒株均有2个核苷酸序列变异,未发现脊髓灰质炎野病毒和疫苗衍生脊灰病毒,0~1岁组AFP病例NPEV分离率最高。结论2017-2018年湖南省脊灰实验室所用细胞系对脊灰病毒的敏感性良好,未发现脊灰野病毒,继续维持了无脊灰状态。展开更多
文摘目的评估2012—2022年陕西省脊髓灰质炎(简称“脊灰”)实验室所用细胞系对脊灰病毒细胞敏感性(cell sensitivity,CS)的监测,为保持无脊灰状态提供质量保证。方法选择陕西省脊灰实验室2005年制备的实验室质量控制(laboratory quality control,LQC)标准Sabin株Ⅰ﹑Ⅱ﹑Ⅲ型,以及国家脊灰实验室(National Polio Laboratory,NPL)提供的转人脊灰病毒受体的小鼠肺细胞(mouse L cells expressing the human Poliovirus receptor,L20B)系、人横纹肌肉瘤(human rhabdomyosarcoma,RD)细胞,采用96孔微量培养板滴定法测定陕西省疾病预防控制中心脊灰实验室2012—2022年所用细胞系对脊灰病毒敏感性,使用Karber公式计算病毒滴度,并对检测结果进行分析描述。结果RD细胞均数±标准差:Ⅰ型(7.57±0.19),Ⅱ型(7.55±0.11),Ⅲ型(7.78±0.17);L20B均数±标准差:Ⅰ型(6.80±0.25),Ⅱ型(6.83±0.25),Ⅲ型(6.74±0.23)。与陕西省疾病预防控制中心脊灰实验室的LQC株的参考值相比其滴度均在±0.5log 10CCID_(50)/0.1ml以内波动。结论2012—2022年陕西省脊灰实验室所用细胞系对脊灰病毒敏感性较好,敏感性未下降,为陕西省维持无脊灰状态提供了坚强的保障。
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China public welfare funding (No. 2002DIB20070)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2007CB411505).
文摘In this study,the effects of ‘initial’ soil moisture(SM) in arid and semi-arid Northwestern China on subsequent climate were investigated with a regional climate model. Besides the control simulations(denoted as CTL),a series of sensitivity experiments were conducted,including the DRY and WET experiments,in which the simulated ‘initial’ SM over the region 30 –50°N,75 –105°E was only 5% and 50%,and up to 150% and 200% of the simulated value in the CTL,respectively. The results show that SM change can modify the subsequent climate in not only the SM-change region proper but also the far downstream regions in Eastern and even Northeastern China. The SM-change effects are generally more prominent in the WET than in the DRY experiments. After the SM is initially increased,the SM in the SM-change region is always higher than that in the CTL,the latent(sensible) heat flux there increases(decreases),and the surface air temperature decreases. Spatially,the most prominent changes in the WET experiments are surface air temperature decrease,geopotential height decrease and corresponding abnormal changes of cyclonic wind vectors at the mid-upper troposphere levels. Generally opposite effects exist in the DRY experiments but with much weaker intensity. In addition,the differences between the results obtained from the two sets of sensitivity experiments and those of the CTL are not always consistent with the variation of the initial SM. Being different from the variation of temperature,the rainfall modifications caused by initial SM change are not so distinct and in fact they show some common features in the WET and DRY experiments. This might imply that SM is only one of the factors that impact the subsequent climate,and its effect is involved in complex processes within the atmosphere,which needs further investigation.
文摘目的分析2017-2018年湖南省脊灰实验室所用细胞系的滴度值、急性弛缓性麻痹(acute flaccid paralysis,AFP)病例病原学特征、非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒(non-polio enterovirus,NPEV)分离率及分布情况,为维持无脊灰状态及预防其传播提供依据。方法依照WHO《脊髓灰质炎病毒检验手册》(2004年第四版)方法,对AFP病例粪便标本采用鼠肺细胞(mouse L cells expressing the human poliovirus receptor,L20B)和人横纹肌肉瘤细胞(rhabdomyosarcoma,RD)进行肠道病毒(enterovirus,EV)分离,L20B细胞阳性分离物转RD细胞阳性者再进行脊髓灰质炎型内鉴定实验,脊髓灰质炎阳性毒株送中国疾病预防控制中心国家脊髓灰质炎实验室进行型内鉴定。结果在506例(1011份)AFP病例标本中,分离出脊髓灰质炎病毒(polioviru,PV)2株、NPEV 77株,分离率分别为0.20%、7.62%;2株I型PV阳性毒株均有2个核苷酸序列变异,未发现脊髓灰质炎野病毒和疫苗衍生脊灰病毒,0~1岁组AFP病例NPEV分离率最高。结论2017-2018年湖南省脊灰实验室所用细胞系对脊灰病毒的敏感性良好,未发现脊灰野病毒,继续维持了无脊灰状态。
