Trogocytosis is a rapid transfer between cells of membranes and associated proteins. Trogocytic exchanges have been investigated between different cell types, mainly in two-cell systems, involving one donor and one ac...Trogocytosis is a rapid transfer between cells of membranes and associated proteins. Trogocytic exchanges have been investigated between different cell types, mainly in two-cell systems, involving one donor and one acceptor cell type. Here, we studied trogocytosis in a more complex system, involving not only several immune cell subsets but also multiple tumor cells. We show that CD4~ T cells, CD8＋ T cells and monocytes can acquire membrane patches and the intact proteins they contain from different tumor cells by multiple simultaneous trogocytoses. The trogocytic ca- pabilities of CD4~ and CD8~ T cells were found to be similar, but inferior to that of autologous monocytes. Activated peripheral-blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） may also exchange membranes between themselves in an all-autolo- gous system. For this reason, monocytes are capable of acquiring membranes from multiple tumor cell sources, and transfer them again to autologous T cells, along with some of their own membranes （serial trogocytosis）. Our data illustrate the extent of membrane exchanges between autologous activated immune effector cells and their environ- ment, and how the cellular content of the local environment, including ＂bystander＂ cells, may impact the functions of immune effector cells.展开更多
To clarify which factors may influence pathological tumor response and affect clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma treated with neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery.METHODSTumor r...To clarify which factors may influence pathological tumor response and affect clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma treated with neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery.METHODSTumor regression grade (TRG) according to the Dworak system and yTNM stage were assessed and correlated with pre-treatment clinico-pathological variables in 215 clinically locally advanced (cTNM stage II and III) rectal carcinomas. Prognostic value of all pathological and clinical factors on disease free survival (DFS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) was analyzed by Kaplan Meier and Cox-regression analyses.RESULTScN+ status, mucinous histotype or poor differentiation in the pre-treatment biopsy were significantly associated with lower pathological response (low Dworak grade and TNM remaining unchanged/upstaging). Cases showing acellular mucin pools in surgical specimens all had unremarkable clinical courses with no deaths or recurrences during follow-up. Dworak grade had prognostic significance for DFS and CSS. However, compared to the 5-tiered system, a simplified two-tiered grading system, in which grades 0, 1 and 2 were grouped as absent/partial regression and grades 3 and 4 were grouped as total/subtotal regression, was more reproducible and prognostically informative. The two-tiered Dworak system, yN stage, craniocaudal extension of the tumor and radial margin status were significant independent prognostic variables.CONCLUSIONOur data suggest that caution should be applied in using a conservative approach in rectal carcinomas with cN+ status, extensive/lower involvement of the rectum and mucinous histotype or poor differentiation. Although Dworak TRG is prognostically significant, a simplified two-tiered system could be preferable. Finally, cases with acellular mucin pools should be carefully evaluated to definitely exclude residual mucinous carcinoma.展开更多
The progress of tissue-engineering technology has realized development of new therapies to treat various disorders by using cultured cells. Cell-and tissue-based therapies have been successfully applied to human patie...The progress of tissue-engineering technology has realized development of new therapies to treat various disorders by using cultured cells. Cell-and tissue-based therapies have been successfully applied to human patients, and several tissue-engineered products have been approved by the regulatory agencies and are commercially available. In the review article, we describe our experience of development and clinical application of cell sheet-based regenerative medicine.Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) have been shown to be useful for removal of gastrointestinal neoplasms with less invasiveness compared with open surgery, especially in esophageal surgery. However, postoperative inflammation and stenosis are major complications observed after intensive mucosal resection. Therefore, we have developed novel regenerative medicine to prevent such complications and promote wound healing of esophageal mucosa after EMR or ESD. Transplantable oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets were fabricated from patients' own oral mucosa. Immediately after EMR or ESD, fabricated autologous cell sheets were endoscopically transplanted to the ulcer sites. We performed a preclinical study with a canine model. In human clinical settings, cell culture and cell sheet fabrication were performed in clean rooms according to good manufacturing practice guidelines, and pharmaceutical drugs were used as supplements to culture medium in place of research regents used in animal study. We believe that cell-based regenerative medicine would be useful to improve quality of life of patients after EMR or ESD.展开更多
Focusing on the stack performance is important for practical use of PEM （proton exchange membrane） fuel cells. This paper describes the experiments and evaluation on the performance of 1-kW class PEM FC （fuel cell...Focusing on the stack performance is important for practical use of PEM （proton exchange membrane） fuel cells. This paper describes the experiments and evaluation on the performance of 1-kW class PEM FC （fuel cell） stacks for reliability improvement. We investigated the stack performance, voltage distributions, and internal resistance of the single cells of a PEMFC stack. The standard deviation of individual cell voltages increased almost linearly with the current load by 2.5 times that in the case of an open-circuit voltage, with a standard deviation of 33 A. From the results of the current-interrupt tests, the internal resistance of the FC stack was calculated to be 43.53 mΩ. The internal resistances of each individual cell were not uniform. The average internal resistance was 0.505 mΩ at 18 A, which was less than that calculated from the stack current-interrupt test. We also investigated the current distribution in the PEM FC stack under in-situ conditions using a triaxial magnetic sensor probe. From the results, the current distribution tended to concentrate on the underside of the cell. Each I-V curve at the divided plane can be obtained using the developed method.展开更多
This paper presents a nonlinear multidimensional scaling model, called kernelized fourth quantifica- tion theory, which is an integration of kernel techniques and the fourth quantification theory. The model can deal w...This paper presents a nonlinear multidimensional scaling model, called kernelized fourth quantifica- tion theory, which is an integration of kernel techniques and the fourth quantification theory. The model can deal with the problem of mineral prediction without defining a training area. In mineral target prediction, the pre-defined statistical cells, such as grid cells, can be implicitly transformed using kernel techniques from input space to a high-dimensional feature space, where the nonlinearly separable clusters in the input space are ex- pected to be linearly separable. Then, the transformed cells in the feature space are mapped by the fourth quan- tifieation theory onto a low-dimensional scaling space, where the sealed cells can be visually clustered according to their spatial locations. At the same time, those cells, which are far away from the cluster center of the majority of the sealed cells, are recognized as anomaly cells. Finally, whether the anomaly cells can serve as mineral potential target cells can be tested by spatially superimposing the known mineral occurrences onto the anomaly ceils. A case study shows that nearly all the known mineral occurrences spatially coincide with the anomaly cells with nearly the smallest scaled coordinates in one-dimensional sealing space. In the case study, the mineral target cells delineated by the new model are similar to those predicted by the well-known WofE model.展开更多
Blast pressure of C-H-O solvents on failed lithium-ion cells at the voltage range between 3.8 V and 4.18 V may be calculated by means of the simple semi-empirical equation, y = （Ia ＋ Jb）/（Ka ＋ Lb ＋ Me）, p is th...Blast pressure of C-H-O solvents on failed lithium-ion cells at the voltage range between 3.8 V and 4.18 V may be calculated by means of the simple semi-empirical equation, y = （Ia ＋ Jb）/（Ka ＋ Lb ＋ Me）, p is the initial density of solvent, Q is the chemical energy of explosion, v is the voltage. The values of a, b, c depend on C-H-O composition. Value of I, J, K, L, Mmay be estimated from the H20-CO2 arbitrary decomposition assumption. Blast pressure derived in this manner can provide preliminary protective estimation and it is compared with experiment results by adiabatic calorimeter.展开更多
文摘Trogocytosis is a rapid transfer between cells of membranes and associated proteins. Trogocytic exchanges have been investigated between different cell types, mainly in two-cell systems, involving one donor and one acceptor cell type. Here, we studied trogocytosis in a more complex system, involving not only several immune cell subsets but also multiple tumor cells. We show that CD4~ T cells, CD8＋ T cells and monocytes can acquire membrane patches and the intact proteins they contain from different tumor cells by multiple simultaneous trogocytoses. The trogocytic ca- pabilities of CD4~ and CD8~ T cells were found to be similar, but inferior to that of autologous monocytes. Activated peripheral-blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） may also exchange membranes between themselves in an all-autolo- gous system. For this reason, monocytes are capable of acquiring membranes from multiple tumor cell sources, and transfer them again to autologous T cells, along with some of their own membranes （serial trogocytosis）. Our data illustrate the extent of membrane exchanges between autologous activated immune effector cells and their environ- ment, and how the cellular content of the local environment, including ＂bystander＂ cells, may impact the functions of immune effector cells.
文摘To clarify which factors may influence pathological tumor response and affect clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma treated with neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery.METHODSTumor regression grade (TRG) according to the Dworak system and yTNM stage were assessed and correlated with pre-treatment clinico-pathological variables in 215 clinically locally advanced (cTNM stage II and III) rectal carcinomas. Prognostic value of all pathological and clinical factors on disease free survival (DFS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) was analyzed by Kaplan Meier and Cox-regression analyses.RESULTScN+ status, mucinous histotype or poor differentiation in the pre-treatment biopsy were significantly associated with lower pathological response (low Dworak grade and TNM remaining unchanged/upstaging). Cases showing acellular mucin pools in surgical specimens all had unremarkable clinical courses with no deaths or recurrences during follow-up. Dworak grade had prognostic significance for DFS and CSS. However, compared to the 5-tiered system, a simplified two-tiered grading system, in which grades 0, 1 and 2 were grouped as absent/partial regression and grades 3 and 4 were grouped as total/subtotal regression, was more reproducible and prognostically informative. The two-tiered Dworak system, yN stage, craniocaudal extension of the tumor and radial margin status were significant independent prognostic variables.CONCLUSIONOur data suggest that caution should be applied in using a conservative approach in rectal carcinomas with cN+ status, extensive/lower involvement of the rectum and mucinous histotype or poor differentiation. Although Dworak TRG is prognostically significant, a simplified two-tiered system could be preferable. Finally, cases with acellular mucin pools should be carefully evaluated to definitely exclude residual mucinous carcinoma.
基金Supported by The Formation of Innovation Center for Fusion of Advanced Technologies in the Special Coordination Funds for Promoting ScienceTechnology from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan
文摘The progress of tissue-engineering technology has realized development of new therapies to treat various disorders by using cultured cells. Cell-and tissue-based therapies have been successfully applied to human patients, and several tissue-engineered products have been approved by the regulatory agencies and are commercially available. In the review article, we describe our experience of development and clinical application of cell sheet-based regenerative medicine.Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) have been shown to be useful for removal of gastrointestinal neoplasms with less invasiveness compared with open surgery, especially in esophageal surgery. However, postoperative inflammation and stenosis are major complications observed after intensive mucosal resection. Therefore, we have developed novel regenerative medicine to prevent such complications and promote wound healing of esophageal mucosa after EMR or ESD. Transplantable oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets were fabricated from patients' own oral mucosa. Immediately after EMR or ESD, fabricated autologous cell sheets were endoscopically transplanted to the ulcer sites. We performed a preclinical study with a canine model. In human clinical settings, cell culture and cell sheet fabrication were performed in clean rooms according to good manufacturing practice guidelines, and pharmaceutical drugs were used as supplements to culture medium in place of research regents used in animal study. We believe that cell-based regenerative medicine would be useful to improve quality of life of patients after EMR or ESD.
文摘Focusing on the stack performance is important for practical use of PEM （proton exchange membrane） fuel cells. This paper describes the experiments and evaluation on the performance of 1-kW class PEM FC （fuel cell） stacks for reliability improvement. We investigated the stack performance, voltage distributions, and internal resistance of the single cells of a PEMFC stack. The standard deviation of individual cell voltages increased almost linearly with the current load by 2.5 times that in the case of an open-circuit voltage, with a standard deviation of 33 A. From the results of the current-interrupt tests, the internal resistance of the FC stack was calculated to be 43.53 mΩ. The internal resistances of each individual cell were not uniform. The average internal resistance was 0.505 mΩ at 18 A, which was less than that calculated from the stack current-interrupt test. We also investigated the current distribution in the PEM FC stack under in-situ conditions using a triaxial magnetic sensor probe. From the results, the current distribution tended to concentrate on the underside of the cell. Each I-V curve at the divided plane can be obtained using the developed method.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40872193)
文摘This paper presents a nonlinear multidimensional scaling model, called kernelized fourth quantifica- tion theory, which is an integration of kernel techniques and the fourth quantification theory. The model can deal with the problem of mineral prediction without defining a training area. In mineral target prediction, the pre-defined statistical cells, such as grid cells, can be implicitly transformed using kernel techniques from input space to a high-dimensional feature space, where the nonlinearly separable clusters in the input space are ex- pected to be linearly separable. Then, the transformed cells in the feature space are mapped by the fourth quan- tifieation theory onto a low-dimensional scaling space, where the sealed cells can be visually clustered according to their spatial locations. At the same time, those cells, which are far away from the cluster center of the majority of the sealed cells, are recognized as anomaly cells. Finally, whether the anomaly cells can serve as mineral potential target cells can be tested by spatially superimposing the known mineral occurrences onto the anomaly ceils. A case study shows that nearly all the known mineral occurrences spatially coincide with the anomaly cells with nearly the smallest scaled coordinates in one-dimensional sealing space. In the case study, the mineral target cells delineated by the new model are similar to those predicted by the well-known WofE model.
文摘Blast pressure of C-H-O solvents on failed lithium-ion cells at the voltage range between 3.8 V and 4.18 V may be calculated by means of the simple semi-empirical equation, y = （Ia ＋ Jb）/（Ka ＋ Lb ＋ Me）, p is the initial density of solvent, Q is the chemical energy of explosion, v is the voltage. The values of a, b, c depend on C-H-O composition. Value of I, J, K, L, Mmay be estimated from the H20-CO2 arbitrary decomposition assumption. Blast pressure derived in this manner can provide preliminary protective estimation and it is compared with experiment results by adiabatic calorimeter.
