细胞膜修饰纳米粒子治疗脑部恶性肿瘤的研究进展

细胞膜修饰纳米粒子(NPs)作为一种新型的治疗脑部恶性肿瘤的手段,近年来受到广泛关注。该方法通过保留源细胞膜的特性,提高了NPs的靶向性、生物相容性和体内循环时间,可确保药物高效作用于颅内病灶。本文围绕近年该领域研究进展,尤其是细胞膜修饰NPs穿透血脑屏障、免疫逃逸、药物输送的优势,以及不同细胞膜修饰NPs的效果进行综述,以期为脑部恶性肿瘤的治疗提供新的视角。

细胞膜修饰的纳米粒载药系统的研究进展

近年来,以纳米粒为载体的递药系统研究取得了较大进展,然而纳米粒在体内会产生免疫原性和纳米毒性。因此,细胞膜作为一种更安全有效的载体已成为药物传递领域的研究热点。将细胞膜与纳米粒进行结合,不仅能增加纳米粒的生物相容性,还可以通过选择不同种类细胞膜,如血细胞、干细胞或细菌细胞等,使纳米粒获得靶向性、不易被免疫系统识别且能延长体循环时间等多种生物学特性。本文介绍了具有生物伪装功能的细胞膜修饰纳米粒的制备方法、特性和应用,以期促进纳米粒在药物传递领域的应用。

细胞膜仿生修饰纳米粒肿瘤治疗的研究进展

大量研究证明,细胞膜仿生修饰通过将不同细胞膜包被于纳米粒表面,赋予纳米粒新的生物学功能。纳米粒被细胞膜仿生修饰后,获得了细胞膜表面丰富的蛋白质并保留了纳米粒的高载药能力,延长体内循环时间,使纳米粒具有逃避免疫系统,跨越各种生理屏障的能力。本文总结了近年来细胞膜仿生修饰纳米粒用于肿瘤治疗的最新进展,讨论了细胞膜仿生修饰纳米粒的特点,概括了其良好的免疫逃避能力、优良的药物装载能力、良好的肿瘤靶向能力和透血脑屏障能力几点优势,介绍了细胞膜仿生修饰纳米粒的制备步骤和3种主流膜与纳米粒融合方法以及纳米粒特征分析方法,综述了细胞膜仿生修饰纳米粒在肿瘤靶向化疗、光热诊疗、免疫治疗方面的积极作用。

红细胞改造作为药物载体研究进展

红细胞作为人体循环系统内数目最多的细胞,具有生物安全性高、免疫源性低、柔韧性强、系统循环长、药物负载量高等特点,可解决当前传统药物输送体系面临的许多挑战性问题,故而被广泛研究。目前红细胞修饰作为药物递送载体已形成了多种成熟、可行的方法,主要可分为:基因修饰的红细胞载体、非基因修饰的红细胞载体和红细胞膜修饰纳米颗粒。本文综述了红细胞作为纳米药物载体的概况及研究进展,总结了红细胞改造的研究成果,并展望了红细胞药物递送系统的发展趋势。

pSVPoMcat modifying Schwann cell to protect injured spinal neurons in rats

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of pSVPoMcat (myelin basic protein microgene)modifying Schwann cell on injured spinal neurons. Methods: A model of rat spinal cord injured by hemisection was used. One hundred and twenty healthy SD rats of both sexes weighing 250 300 g were divided into three groups: Group A (n=40, treated with implantation of pSVPoMcat modifying Schwann cell), Group B (n= 40, treated with implantation of Schwann cell only) and Group C (n=400, treated with sham operation as the control). One week after operation the rat functional recovery was observed dynamically by using combined behavioral score (CBS) and cortical somatasensory evoked potentials, the spinal cord sections were stained by Nissl, acid phosphatase enzyme histochemistry and cell apoptosis was examined by methye green, terminal deoxynucleotidyl and the dUTP Nick end labeling technique. Quantitative analysis was done by computer image analysis system. Results: In Group A the injured neurons recovered well morphologically. The imaging analysis showed a result of Group A>Group B>Group C in the size of the neurons (P< 0.01 ). The percentage of ACP (acid phosphatase) stained area and the rate of apoptosis sequence were groups A<B<C. The change of tendency was correlated to their function recovery according to CBS. Conclusions: pSVPoMcat modifying Schwann cell implantation has protective effect on injured spinal neurons and promotes recovery of injured spinal cord function in rats.