大鼠心脏移植淋巴细胞多基因差异表达及淋巴细胞表面蛋白分子的表达时相比较

目的建立大鼠异体异位心脏移植动物模型,观察心脏移植前后淋巴细胞多基因表达和CD4、CD8分子表达及环孢素A对其影响。方法 SD大鼠为供体,Wistar大鼠为受体,分为心脏移植对照组和环孢素A干预两组。移植前、移植后24 h、3 d、7 d、10 d和12 d测定外周血淋巴细胞CD4、CD8分子表达、荧光差异显示分析淋巴细胞编码基因表达水平。结果 (1)移植组:7个基因差异表达,比同组的CD4和CD8分子开始正调表达的时间提前24 h;(2)环孢素A组外周血淋巴细胞的基因表达水平发生变化的有5个基因差异表达;(3)环孢素A组2.3-bisphosphoglycerate比对照组的第一个正调表达时相至少晚24 h,环孢素A还可抑制心脏移植后7 d内外周血淋巴细胞对gig18基因的转录;移植后24 h内,环孢素A组外周血淋巴细胞Na-通道蛋白基因正调表达。结论淋巴细胞多基因差异表达及与表面蛋白分子表达时相比较对于深入研究移植排斥反应机制和环孢素A的作用机制具有一定的意义。

胆固醇损伤内皮细胞差异表达基因的生物信息学分析

目的利用差异表达基因克隆方法(抑制消减杂交)获得大量的动脉粥样硬化相关候选基因和表达序列标签后,探讨如何进行后续基因表达及功能的研究。方法利用Internet网络上的数据库及生物学分析软件对胆固醇损伤内皮细胞后获得的差异表达基因进行核酸序列和蛋白质序列分析,探索差异表达基因克隆后的研究方法和思路。结果通过电子延伸得到一个684bp的全长cDNA序列;通过核酸序列分析,该序列定位在线粒体基因组的7587位～8270位,含有一个完整的开放阅读框,编码与氧化磷酸化相关的9个亚基。对其中一个亚基细胞色素氧化酶Ⅱ(COX2)分析得知,细胞色素氧化酶Ⅱ基因编码一段25.6kDa的弱酸性的信号锚蛋白,细胞色素氧化酶Ⅱ蛋白的三维结构是一个典型的椅式结构,它含有一段疏水区域,一个跨膜结构域和一个胞质结构域。运用蛋白的进化分析,得知细胞色素氧化酶Ⅱ蛋白胞质结构域的氨基酸序列在进化过程中高度保守。结论生物信息学技术是一种高效的获取疾病相关基因信息的方法,利用生物信息学方法对细胞色素氧化酶Ⅱ基因进行分析,获得了基因及其编码蛋白的相关信息,该蛋白参与电子传递,可能与细胞的氧化应激有关。

杏花鸡白细胞介素10(IL--10)基因的克隆及其表达分析

为研究杏花鸡白细胞介素10(IL-10)基因在抵抗鸡球虫病中的作用,应用PCR、基因克隆和测序等技术获得杏花鸡完整的IL-10基因CDS序列,进行杏花鸡IL-10基因CDS序列和核苷酸序列与其他物种间的同源性分析,比较在QM-7成肌细胞、鸡肠上皮细胞IEC、鸡巨噬细胞HD11和鸡成纤维细胞DF-1中IL-10基因的表达差异以及在不同肠道组织中IL-10的表达量差异。结果表明,完整地扩增了IL-10基因的完整CDS序列,发现了3个同义突变(162A>G、180T>C和303C>T)。构建的发育树表明杏花鸡IL-10基因CDS序列和核苷酸序列与红色原鸡、鹌鹑、火鸡和珍珠鸡的同源性最高。IL-10在鸡肠上皮细胞的表达量最高,在盲肠扁桃体中表达量最高。球虫子孢子的入侵导致DF-1细胞和HD11细胞中的IL-10表达量升高。研究结果为IL-10基因在肠道免疫和抵抗球虫病的研究提供理论基础。

Bcl-2高表达转基因小鼠脊髓损伤后差异表达蛋白的蛋白质组学分析

目的通过建立B细胞淋巴瘤／白血病-2（B—celllymphoma／leukemia-2，Bcl-2）高表达转基因小鼠与野生型小鼠急性脊髓损伤组织的双向电泳图谱，比较蛋白质组的变化和差异表达，初步探讨Bcl-2保护脊髓损伤的分子机制。方法转基因（A组）及同窝非转基因小鼠（B组）各15只，随机分为三组（1d、7d、14d），采用垂直打击（weightdropping，WD）方法，以2．5×3．0g·cm致伤力致伤小鼠脊髓。于术后1d、7d、14d处死，取脊髓标本进行检测：①采用双向凝胶电泳分离脊髓总蛋白，建立双向凝胶电泳图谱；②用ImageMaster软件分析图像，基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间，质谱（MALDl2TOF2MS）分析获取肽质量指纹图谱（PMF）；③用Mascot软件系统和NCBIMS数据库检索确定蛋白质。结果鉴定出差异蛋白质33个，其中1d8个，7d12个，14d13个。与B组小鼠比较，A组小鼠表达上调的蛋白质有热休克蛋白、含缬酪肽蛋白、peroxiredoxin6等，下调的蛋白质为钙蛋白酶、泛素羧基末端水解酶-1等。多数差异蛋白质涉及到应激保护、抗氧自由基损伤、促进神经修复等过程，具有神经保护功能。结论除了抗凋亡作用，Bcl-2蛋白可能还具有抗氧自由基损伤、促进神经修复、加强应激等多方面的神经保护功能。

新城疫病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞中免疫相关细胞因子表达的检测

分别采用新城疫强毒株F48E9与新城疫弱毒株LaSota感染10日龄鸡胚制作的鸡胚成纤维细胞,感染后24h提取鸡胚成纤维细胞的总RNA,通过RT-PCR技术结合凝胶成像系统扫描检测21种免疫相关细胞因子在鸡胚成纤维细胞中的表达量。实验结果表明,在鸡胚成纤维细胞中,无论是否感染新城疫病毒,IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-21不能检测到其相应条带。通过统计学分析,IFN-β、IFN-γ、IL-9、IL-12-P35、IL-12-P40在病毒感染组与对照组间呈现出显著的差异,而强毒感染组与弱毒感染组的比较中,仅IFNγ、IL-9表现出显著差异。

Cloning,Identification and Differential Expression Analysis of Full-length cDNA of Carp Interleukin-1β

[Objective] The research aimed to carry out the cloning,identification and differential expression analysis of carp interleukin-1β （IL-1β） cDNA. [Method] By using DD-RTPCR method,the differential expression cDNA fragments were gained. The cDNA library of carp peripheral blood leucocytes which was stimulated by the mitogen was screened,and the full length cDNA of carp IL-1β was cloned. Moreover,the sequence analysis and differential expression analysis were carried out. [Result] The positive clone which had a whole ORF that encoded 276 amino acids was obtained. The cluster analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of carp IL-1β and Japanese carp closely gathered as a branch,and the homoeology of amino acid sequence reached 95%. The clustering order was the carassius,zebra fish,pig,cattle,horse,human and mouse in turn. The differential expression analysis showed that the expression of IL-1β in the leucocytes significantly increased in the prior period （4 h） after the mitogen stimulated. But as the time went by （12 and 24 h）,it didn＇t increase in the same period. The total trend of expression amount presented the peak type. [Conclusion] The research laid the foundation for further studying the expression manner,function characteristic,regulation mechanism of IL-1β in vivo and its action mechanisms in the inflammatory reaction,emergency reaction and immune response.

Effect of Menopause on Gene Expression Profiles of Circu-lating Monocytes: A Pilot in vivo Microarray Study

Menopause is one of the key physiological events in the female life and can increase the risk for a number of complex autoimmune, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. Circulating monocytes can differentiate into various cell types and play an important role in tissue morphogenesis and immune response. We studied gene expression profiles of peripheral blood monocytes in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women using Affymetrix Human U133A GeneChip array that contains probes for -14,500 genes. Comparative analyses between the samples showed that 20 genes were up- and 20 were down-regulated. Of these genes, 28 were classified into six major GO categories relevant to such biological processes as the cell proliferation, immune response, cellular metabolism, and the others. The remaining 12 genes have yet unidentified biological functions. Our results support the hypothesis that functional state of circulating monocytes is indeed affected by menopause, and resulting changes may be determined through the genomewide gene expression profiling. Several differentially expressed genes identified in this study may be candidates for further studies of menopause-associated systemic autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular disorders. Our study is only the first attempt in this direction, but it lays a basis for further research.

Transglutaminase 3 expression in C57BL/6J mouse embryo epidermis and the correlation with its differentiation

Epidermal-type transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) is involved in the cross-linking of structural proteins to form the cornifiedenvelope in the epidermis. In the present study, we detected the expression of TGM3 in the mouse embryo using RT-PCR.TGM3 mRNA is weakly presented from E11.5 to E14.5 and increases significantly from E15.5 to birth. Then wedetermined the spatial and temporal expression pattern of TGM3 in the skin and other organs by in situ hybridization. Wefound a deprivation of TGM3 in skin at E11.5, while a rich supply in periderm cells and a weak expression in basal cellsfrom E12.5 to E14.5. From the period of E15.5 to E16.5, after keratinization in the epidermis, TGM3 was expressed inthe granular and cornified layers. The electron microscopic observation of the C57BL/6J mouse limb bud skin develop-ment provided several morphological evidences for the epidermal differentiation. The above findings suggest that theexpression of TGM3 plays a important role in the epidermis differentiation in embryogenesis.

Identification of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs in human ovarian cancer cells with different metastatic potentials

Objective： To identify differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs （lncRNAs） involved in the metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods： An in vitro invasion assay was performed to validate the invasive capability of SKOV3 and SKOV3.ip1 cell lines. Total R.NA was then extracted, and microarray analysis was performed. Moreover, nine lncRNAs were selected for validation using RT-qPCR. Results： Compared with the SKOV3 cells, the SKOV3.ip1 cells significantly improved in the in vitro invasive activity. Of the 4,956 lncRNAs detected in the microarra~ 583 and 578 lncRNAs were upregulated and downregulated, respectivel~ in SKOV3.ip1 cells, compared with the parental SKOV3 cells. Seven of the analyzed lncRNAs （MALAT1, H19, UCA1, CCAT1, LOC645249, LOC100128881, and LOC100292680） confirmed the deregulation found by microarray analysis. Conclusion： LncRNAs clusters were differentially expressed in ovarian cancer cells with varying metastatic potentials. This result indicates that some lncRNAs might exert a partial or key role in epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis. Further studies should be conducted to determine the roles of these lncRNAs in ovarian cancer metastasis.

Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus downregulates FCER1 and HRH4 expression in human mast cells

AIM:To investigate the effects of four probiotic bacteria and their combination on human mast cell gene expression using microarray analysis.METHODS:Human peripheral-blood-derived mast cells were stimulated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L.rhamnosus) GG (LGG),L.rhamnosus Lc705 (Lc705),Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp.shermanii JS (PJS) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp.lactis Bb12 (Bb12) and their combination for 3 or 24 h,and were subjected to global microarray analysis using an Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array.The gene expression differences between unstimulated and bacteria-stimulated samples were further analyzed with GOrilla Gene Enrichment Analysis and Visualization Tool and MeV Multiexperiment Viewer-tool.RESULTS:LGG and Lc705 were observed to suppress genes that encoded allergy-related high-affinity IgE receptor subunits α and γ (FCER1A and FCER1G,respectively) and histamine H4 receptor.LGG,Lc705 and the combination of four probiotics had the strongest effect on the expression of genes involved in mast cell immune system regulation,and on several genes that encoded proteins with a pro-inflammatory impact,such as interleukin (IL)-8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha.Also genes that encoded proteins with anti-inflammatory functions,such as IL-10,were upregulated.CONCLUSION:Certain probiotic bacteria might diminish mast cell allergy-related activation by downregulation of the expression of high-affinity IgE and histamine receptor genes,and by inducing a pro-inflammatory response.

The Mechanism of the Acclimation of Nannochloropsis oceanica to Freshwater Deduced from Its Transcriptome Profiles

In this study, we compared the transcriptomes of Nannochloropsis oceanica cultured in f/2 medium prepared with seawater and freshwater, respectively, aiming to understand the acclimation mechanism of this alga to freshwater. Differentially expressed genes were mainly assigned to the degradation of cell components, ion transportation, and ribosomal biogenesis. These find- ings indicate that the algal cells degrade its components （mainly amino acids and fatty acids） to yield excessive energy （ATP） to maintain cellular ion （mainly K＋ and Ca〉） homeostasis, while the depletion of amino acids and ATP, and the reduction of ribosomes attenuate the protein translation and finally slow down the cell growth.

Differential expression of βig-h3 in human hepatoma cell lines

Objective：To observe the differential expression of TGF-β-induced gene human clone 3 （βig- h3） in human hepatoma cell lines. Methods：Human hepatoma cells HHCC, 7721, T7721 constructed by stably transfectiug HAb18G/CD147 cDNA into 7721 and normal human liver cell QZG were cultured as previously. RT-PCR and western blot were used to investigate the differential expression of βig-h3 in human hepatoma cell lines and normal liver cell. Results ：The results of RT-PCR suggested that the expression of βig-h3 mRNA in human hepatoma cells was higher than that in normal human liver cell QZG（P〈0.01）, and its expression level in human hepatoma cells in turn was HHCC〉T7721〉7721. Moreover, the similar results of βig-h3 protein expression were testified by western blot. Conclusion：This study demonstrates that the expression of βig-h3 in hepatoma cell lines is higher than that in normal liver cell QZG, which provides a sound basis for exploring the function of βig-h3 in processes of adhesion and metastasis of human hepatoma cells.

Comparative genomic study of gastric epithelial cells co-cultured with Helicobacter pylori

AIM:To identify genes potentially involved in Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)-induced gastric carcinogenesis.METHODS:GES-1 cells were co-cultured with H.pylori strains isolated from patients with gastric carcinoma(GC,n = 10) or chronic gastritis(CG,n = 10) for in vitro proliferation and apoptosis assays to identify the most and least virulent strains.These two strains were cagA-genotyped and used for further in vivo carcinogenic virulence assays by infecting Mongolian gerbils for 52 wk,respectively;a broth free of H.pylori was lavaged as control.Genomic profiles of GES-1 cells cocultured with the most and least virulent strains were determined by microarray analysis.The most differentially expressed genes were further verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in GES-1cells infected with the most and least virulent strains,and by immunohistochemistry in H.pylori positive CG,precancerous diseases,and GC biopsy specimens in an independent experiment.RESULTS:GC-derived H.pylori strains induced a potent proliferative effect in GES-1 cells in co-culture,whereas CG-derived strains did not.The most(from a GC patient) and least(from a CG patient) virulent strains were cagA-positive and negative,respectively.At week 52,CG,atrophy,metaplasia,dysplasia,and GC were observed in 90.0%,80.0%,80.0%,90%,and 60.0%,respectively,of the animals lavaged with the most virulent strain.However,only mild CG was observed in 90% of the animals lavaged with the least virulent strain.On microarray analysis,800 differentially expressed genes(49 up-and 751 down-regulated),involving those associated with cell cycle regulation,cell apoptosis,cytoskeleton,immune response,and substance and energy metabolisms,were identified in cells co-cultured with the most virulent strain as compared with those co-cultured with the least virulent strain.The six most differentially expressed genes(with a betweenness centrality of 0.1-0.2) were identified among the significant differential gene profile network,including JUN,KRAS,BRCA1,SMAD2,TRAF1,and HDAC6.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses verified that HDAC6 and TRFA1 mRNA expressions were significantly more up-regulated in GES-1 cells cocultured with the most virulent strain than in those cocultured with the least virulent strain.Immunohistochemistry of gastric mucosal specimens from H.pyloripositive patients with CG,intestinal metaplasia(IM),dysplasia,and GC showed that moderately positive and strongly positive HDAC6 expression was detected in 21.7% of CG patients,30.0% of IM patients,54.5% of dysplasia patients,and 77.8% of GC patients(P < 0.001).The up-regulation of TRAF1 expressions was detected in 34.8%,53.3%,72.7%,and 88.9% specimens of CG,IM,dysplasia,and GC,respectively(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:The overexpression of HDAC6 and TRAF1 in GES-1 cells co-cultured with the GC-derived strain and in H.pylori-positive dysplasia and GC suggests that HDAC6 and TRAF1 may be involved in H.pyloriinduced gastric carcinogenesis.

Establishment of an arsenic-resistant human gallbladder carcinoma cell line and analysis of the differential expressions of genes associated with apoptosis

Objective： The aim of the study was to establish an arsenic trioxide （ATO）-resistant cell line of human gallbladder carcinoma, GBC-SD/ATO, and to analyze the differential expressions of its apoptosis-associated genes, so as to investigate a correlation between ATO induced resistance of gallbladder carcinoma and expressions of apoptosis associated genes. Methods： The resistant cell line was obtained in vitro by culture of human gallbladder carcinoma cell line GBC-SD with increasingly stepwise concentrations of ATO. The sensitivities of GBC-SD cells and GBC-SD/ATO cells to ATO were determined by MTT assay respectively, cDNA microarray containing 458 apoptosis-related human genes was used to compare the gene expression profiles of GBC-SD/ATO cells and corresponding sensitive cell line GBC-SD. Results： GBC-SD/ATO cell line was established successfully after 8 months of exposure to increasing concentrations of ATO. Compared with the parental cell line, GBC-SD/ATO was 13.6 times more resistant to ATO. Of the 458 apoptosis-related genes, 17 genes were detected having 〉 2-fold difference of expression between the GBC-SD/ATO and GBC-SD cells, with 6 genes up-regulated and 11 genes down-regulated in GBC-SD/ATO cells. Conclusion： The 17 genes invoJved in the apoptosis pathway might be relevant to the resistance of GBC-SD/ATO cells to ATO, suggesting that the modulation of expression of apoptosis-related genes may be a main mechanism of acquired resistance in GBC-SD/ATO.

Identification of key genes and related pathways in hepatocarcinoma usingbioinformatics analysis

Objective Various treatments have greatly reduced the mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. However, few therapies could be performed in advanced HCC. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of HCC at the level of the whole transcriptome can help prevent the progression of HCC. Methods： The aim of this study was to identify differently expressed genes and potent pathways between normal liver and HCC tissues. The gene expression profiles of GSE104627 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed and protein-protein interaction network of the differentially expressed genes were constructed by Cytoscape software. Results： In total, 880 differently expressed genes were identified between normal and tumor tissues, including 554 up-regulated genes and 326 down-regulated genes. Gene Ontology analysis results showed that the up-regulated genes were significantly enriched in establishment of RNA localization, nucleic acid transport, RNA transport, RNA localization and nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed the up-regulated genes were enriched in axon guidance, dorso-ventral axis formation and pathways in cancer. The top 10 hub genes were identified from the protein - protein interaction network, and sub-networks revealed these genes were involved in significant pathways, including G protein-coupled receptors signaling pathway, signaling pathway via MAPK and extracellular matrix organization. Conclusion： The present study described the differently expressed genes between normal tissues and HCC tissues from the level of gene transcription. The possible signaling pathways involved in the development of HCC and related molecules involved were analyzed. However, further laboratory and clinical validation is still needed.

骨关节炎滑膜组织中细胞焦亡基因的生物信息学分析与药物筛选

目的应用生物信息学方法筛选骨关节炎(OA)滑膜组织中差异表达细胞焦亡基因及潜在治疗药物。方法GEO55235数据集中获取细胞焦亡相关差异表达基因(PRDEGs),并对其进行富集分析、聚类分析和免疫浸润分析。使用蛋白-蛋白相互作用网络(PPI)识别关键基因,采用受试者特征曲线(ROC)分析关键基因诊断价值,利用Coremine Medical数据库筛选靶向关键基因的化合物和中药。最后,荧光实时定量聚合酶联反应(qRT-PCR)验证关键基因在正常和OA滑膜组织中的表达差异,并采用独立样本t检验比较其差异。结果GEO55235数据集中共筛选获得13个差异表达细胞焦亡基因,其主要富集细胞程序性死亡、免疫调控、炎性反应等生物学过程以及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)等信号通路。此外,13个PRDEGs的表达与免疫细胞浸润密切相关,两种OA滑膜组织亚型之间免疫细胞丰度存在明显差异。PPI和ROC曲线分析提示含PYD和CARD域蛋白(PYCARD)是OA滑膜组织中的关键焦亡基因,具有较好的诊断价值。Coremine Medical数据库中筛选到多种可作用于PYCARD基因的化合物和中药。qRT-PCR结果表明,PYCARD在OA组(2.690±1.355)的表达高于正常组(1.039±0.400,t=3.050,P<0.05)。结论滑膜细胞焦亡与OA发生密切相关,其中PYCARD基因可能是一种诊断和治疗OA滑膜炎症的标志物和靶点。

Transcriptome analysis of blood stasis syndrome in subjects with hypertension

OBJECTIVE:To screen for m RNAs associated with blood stasis syndrome and to explore the genetic mechanisms of blood stasis syndrome in hypertension.METHODS:This study involved groups of patients with hypertension and blood stasis,including those with Qi deficiency,Qi stagnation,cold retention and heat retention;as well as hypertensive patients without blood stasis and healthy individuals.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were co-cultured with the sera of these healthy individuals and patients with blood stasis syndrome.Total RNA was extracted from these cells and assessed by a high-throughput sequencing method(Solexa)and digital gene expression.Differentially expressed genes among these six groups were compared using whole genome sequences,and m RNAs associated with blood stasis syndrome identified.Differences in gene use and gene ontology function were an-alyzed.Genes enriched significantly and their pathways were determined,as were network interactions,and encoded proteins.Gene identities were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reactions.RESULTS:Compared with cells cultured in sera of the blood stasis groups,those culture in sera of healthy individuals and of the non-blood stasis group showed 11 and 301 differences,respectively in stasis-related genes.Genes identified as differing between the blood stasis and healthy groups included activating transcription factor 4,activating transcription factor 3,DNA-damage inducible transcription factor 3,Tribbles homolog 3,CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β,and Jun proto-oncogene(JUN).Pathway and protein interaction network analyses showed that these genes were associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress.Cells cultured in sera of patients with blood stasis and Qi deficiency,Qi stagnation,heat retention,and cold retention were compared with cells cultured in sera of patients with the other types blood stasis syndrome.The comparison showed differences in expression of 28,28,34,and 32 specific genes,respectively.CONCLUSION:The pathogenesis of blood stasis syndrome in hypertension is related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and involves the differential expression of the activating transcription factor 4,activating transcription factor 3,DNA-damage inducible transcription factor 3,Tribbles homolog 3,CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β,and JUN genes.

Pathways related to PMA-differentiated THP1 human monocytic leukemia cells revealed by RNA-Seq

Previous analyses have reported that the human monocytic cell line THP1 can be differentiated into cells with macrophage-like characteristics by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA). However, little is known about the mechanism responsible for regulating this differentiation process. Here, we performed high-throughput RNA-Seq analysis to investigate the genes differently expressed in THP1 cells treated with and without PMA and examined those that may be responsible for the PMA-induced differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. We found 3,000 genes to be differentially expressed after PMA treatment. Gene ontology analysis revealed that genes related to cellular processes and regulation of biological processes were significantly enriched. KEGG analysis also demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were significantly enriched in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and phagosome pathway. Importantly, we reveal an important role of the PI3K/AKT pathway in PMA-induced THP1 cell differentiation. The identified DEGs and pathways may facilitate further study of the detailed molecular mechanisms of THP1 differentiation. Thus, our results provide numerous potential therapeutic targets for modulation of the differentiation of this disease.

Transcriptome profile of human neuroblastoma cells in the hypomagnetic field

Research has shown that the hypomagnetic field(HMF)can affect embryo development,cell proliferation,learning and memory,and in vitro tubulin assembly.In the present study,we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which the HMF exerts its effect,by comparing the transcriptome profiles of human neuroblastoma cells exposed to either the HMF or the geomagnetic field.A total of 2464 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified,216 of which were up-regulated and2248 of which were down-regulated after exposure to the HMF.These DEGs were found to be significantly clustered into several key processes,namely macromolecule localization,protein transport,RNA processing,and brain function.Seventeen DEGs were verified by real-time quantitative PCR,and the expression levels of nine of these DEGs were measured every 6 h.Most notably,MAPK1 and CRY2,showed significant up-and down-regulation,respectively,during the first 6 h of HMF exposure,which suggests involvement of the MAPK pathway and cryptochrome in the early bio-HMF response.Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed biological effects of the HMF.

Label-free quantification of differentially expressed proteins in mouse liver cancer cells with high and low metastasis rates by a SWATH acquisition method

Label-free quantification is a valuable tool for the analysis of differentially expressed proteins identified by mass spectrometry methods.Herein,we used a new strategy:data-dependent acquisition mode identification combined with label-free quantification by SWATH acquisition mode,to study the differentially expressed proteins in mouse liver cancer metastasis cells.A total of 1528 protein groups were identified,among which 1159 protein groups were quantified and 249 protein groups were observed as differentially expressed proteins(86 proteins up-regulated and 163 down-regulated).This method provides a commendable solution for the identification and quantification of differentially expressed proteins in biological samples.