造影红细胞对剪切流中肿瘤细胞黏附的影响

目的研究造影红细胞对剪切流环境中白细胞介导肿瘤细胞在内皮细胞上黏附的影响。方法在平行平板流动腔中加入20%比容的造影红细胞,分析不同剪切率(62.5、100、200 s-1)下内皮细胞上黏附白细胞数目、肿瘤细胞与黏附白细胞的碰撞事件以及稳定黏附肿瘤细胞数目的变化。结果造影红细胞促进白细胞在内皮细胞上黏附,增加肿瘤细胞与黏附白细胞的碰撞频率,并最终促进肿瘤细胞在内皮细胞上的黏附,且这一现象在高剪切率(200 s-1)下更为明显;但造影红细胞对肿瘤细胞的黏附效率并无显著影响。结论剪切流中造影红细胞的存在对肿瘤细胞在内皮细胞上的黏附起到促进作用,研究结果为探索癌症治疗方法提供理论基础。

基于香豆素的增强型铜离子荧光探针及其在细胞成像中的应用（英文）

香豆素为荧光团,设计合成了一种反应型铜离子荧光探针Cou-P。Cou-P对Cu^2+表现出高选择性、荧光增强性识别。分别用紫外可见光谱、荧光光谱、质谱等方法研究了Cou-P识别Cu^2+机理,结果表明Cou-P先形成Cou-P/Cu^2+(1∶1)配合物,Cou-P/Cu^2+配合物进一步被过量的Cu^2+催化水解为3-(carboxylicacid)-7-(diethylamino)-coumarin(Cou-COOH)。另外,Cou-P表现出低细胞毒性、良好的过膜性能,成功地用于MCF-7细胞中Cu^2+检测。

一种用于活体细胞Zn2+检测的高灵敏度比例计量荧光探针

无论是在水溶液还是乙腈溶液中,2-PBI(2-(2′-吡啶基)苯并咪唑)的发射光谱都表现出一定的红移,但由于该分子对Zn2+低的结合能力以及多变的配位比例,2-PBI不能作为一个比例计量型的Zn2+荧光探针。本研究通过在2-PBI的5位引入推电子基团N,N-二甲基,增加探针的配位原子数同时促进探针的ICT效应,设计合成比例计量型Zn^2+荧光探针DBITA。实验结果表明,除了172 nm的大斯托克斯位移外,DBITA还表现出特定的Zn^2+诱导的红移,发射波长从534 nm红移到609 nm,DBITA与Zn^2+以1∶1比例结合。此外,DBITA对Zn^2+表现出极高的亲和力,配合物DBITA/Zn^2+结合的Kd值为0.16 pmol·L^-1。在HeLa细胞中,DBITA完成了细胞内的Zn^2+的定量造影。

下颌骨造釉细胞瘤——18例病理X线分析

我院自1970年至今,经临床X线诊断为造釉细胞瘤并经病理证实者共18例。本病生长缓慢,早期常无明显症状,多因肿瘤增大,面颌畸形而来就医,此时X线表现通常为下颌骨膨胀性囊性骨质改变。

肝脏分段功能的影像学评价进展

准确评价肝脏病变患者的肝功能储备是肝脏病变治疗前的重点和难点。目前常见的肝功能评估方法主要有以血液生化指标为基础的Child-Turcotte-Pugh评分和终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分系统、吲哚青绿(ICG)排泄试验、计算机体层摄影(CT)或核磁共振成像(MRI)肝脏体积测量、肝脏去唾液酸糖蛋白受体(ASGPR)功能显像技术和采用肝脏可摄取的钆类磁共振造影剂评价肝功能。其中,前2种方法是以化验检查方法为主的肝脏功能评价方法,只能进行肝脏总体功能的评价,而后3种方法是以影像学检查方法为主的肝脏功能评价方法,可以进行肝脏分段功能的评价。

腹部(肝)磁共振成像的技术进展

磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）因其特异的软组织对比度、多参数多平面成像特性以及部分快速成像序列而被用于CT及超声难以诊断时的腹部检查.近年来,随着计算机软硬件技术的发展,特别是主磁体场强的提升、多通道多单元表面线圈的应用以及扫描序列的改进,MRI的空间及时间分辨率进一步提高,功能成像也更易实现.另外,细胞外造影剂用于常规诊断和评价肝脏疾病,肝脏特异性造影剂的应用则可以提供更多的信息.

Prokineticin 2/Bv8 is expressed in Kupffer cells in liver and is down regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM： TO study the implication of prokineticin 1 （PKI/EGVEGF） and prokineticin 2 （PK2/13v8） in hepatocellular carcinoma angiogenesis.METHODS： The gene induction of PK1/EG-VEGF and PK2/Bv8 was investigated in 10 normal, 28 fibrotic and 28 tumoral livers by using real time PCR. Their expression was compared to the expression of VEGF （an angiogenesis marker）, vWF （an endothelial cell marker） and to CD68 （a monocyte/macrophage marker）. Furthermore, the rnRNA levels of PK1/EG-VEGF, PK2/Bv8, prokineticin receptor 1 and 2 were evaluated by real time PCR in isolated liver cell populations. Finally, PK2/Bv8 protein was detected in normal liver paraffin sections and in isolated liver cells by immunohistochernistry and immunocytochemistry.RESULTS： PK2/Bv8 mRNA but not PK1/EG-VEGF was expressed in all types of normal liver samples examined. In the context of liver tumor development, we reported that PK2/13v8 correlates only with CD68 and showed a significant decrease in expression as the pathology evolves towards cancer. Whereas, VEGF and vWF mRNA were significantly upregulated in both fibrosis and HCC,as expected. In addition, out of all isolated liver cells examined, only Kupffer cells （liver resident macrophages） express significant levels of PK2/Bv8 and its receptors, prokineticin receptor 1 and 2.CONCLUSION： In normal liver PK2/Bv8 and its receptors were specifically expressed by Kupffer cells. PK2/Bv8 expression decreased as the liver evolves towards cancer and did not correlate with HCC angiogenesis.

Signet-ring cell carcinoma of ampulla of Vater:Contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings

Signet-ring cell carcinoma(SRCC) of ampulla of Vater is extremely uncommon,and less than 15 cases have been reported so far in literature.It mainly occurs in elderly people(median age 57 years).We report a rare case of SRCC of the ampulla of Vater in a 38-year-old woman who presented with a small tumor at the Vater,discovered by the contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS).Histopathological examination showed prominent signet-ring features.We also describe the imaging features of SRCC of ampulla of Vater in CEUS.

A case of eosinophilic cholangitis:Imaging findings ofcontrast-enhanced ultrasonography, cholangioscopy, andintraductal ultrasonography

A 38-year-old woman was referred to our institution due to epigastralgia. She presented with obstructive jaundice and eosinophilia. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed diffuse narrowing from the distal common bile duct to the bifurcation of the hepatic ducts. An endoscopic plastic biliary stent was inserted; the specimen obtained from the common bile duct wall revealed dense infiltration by eosinophils. Treatment was started with prednisolone 60 mg daily. The patient's biliary stenosis and eosinophilia gradually improved. Eosinophilic infiltration in the lungs or stomach is relatively common, but it is rare in the common bile duct. Most of the reported cases of eosinophilic cholangitis presented with eosinophilia; our patient's eosinophil count was over 1000/mm3. Since our patient had allergies to pollen and house dust, a relationship between the allergies and the eosinophilic cholangitis was suspected, but no cause was identified.

Comparative study of helical CT with contrast-enhanced ultrasound of renal carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the efficiency of helical CT comparing with contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and to im- prove the diagnosis efficiency of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: Thirty RCCs confirmed pathologically were studied retrospectively. The un-enhanced CT scan and the triphasic enhanced helical CT scan were performed in all cases, the gray-scale US and angiosonography with SonoVue were performed in all cases meantime. Results: 22 cases (73.3%) were diagnosed correctly by helical CT alone before operation. 7 cases (23.3%) were suspected as RCC with helical CT. One case (3.3%) was misdiagnosed with helical CT. 25 cases (83.3%) were diagnosed correctly with contrast-enhanced ultrasound alone pre-operation. One case (3.3%) was suspected as RCC with angiosonography. Four cases (13.3%) were misdiagnosed with angiosonography alone. 29 cases (96.7%) were diagnosed correctly by helical CT combining with angiosonography before operation, one case (3.3%) was diagnosed as renal mass with both helical CT and angiosonography. Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is sensitive in detecting blood flow, it can detect the enhancement of the tumor which cannot be detected by helical CT. CT and angiosonography have strong complement each other in the diagnosis of RCC.

Sickle cell cholangiopathy:An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography evaluation

AIM:To evaluate the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) in patients with sickle cell disease(SCD) .METHODS:Two hundred and twenty four SCD patients with cholestatic jaundice(CJ) had ERCP.The indications for ERCP were based on clinical and biochemical evidence of CJ and ultrasound findings.RESULTS:Two hundred and forty ERCPs were performed.The indications for ERCP were:CJ only in 79,CJ and dilated bile ducts without stones in 103,and CJ and bile duct stones in 42.For those with CJ only,ERCP was normal in 42(53.2%) ,and 13(16.5%) had dilated bile ducts without an obstructive cause.In the remaining 22,there were bile duct stones with or without dilation.For those with CJ,dilated bile ducts and no stones,ERCP was normal in 17(16.5%) ,and 28(27.2%) had dilated bile ducts without an obstructive cause.In the remaining 58,there were bile ducts stones with or without dilation.For those with CJ and bile duct stones,ERCP was normal in two(4.8%) ,and 14(33.3%) had dilated bile ducts without an obstructive cause.In the remaining 26,there were bile duct stones with or without dilatation.CONCLUSION:Considering the high frequency of biliary sludge and bile duct stones in SCD,endoscopic sphincterotomy might prove helpful in these patients.

Pseudo-occlusion of the anastomotic pathway between the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries in 15 cases

Objective: To study the causes and value of the pseudo-occlusion of the anastoraotic pathway between celiac and superior mesenteric arteries. Methods: 15 patients including 12 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 3 patients with hepatic hemangioma underwent superior mesenteric arteriography (SMA) and celiac arteriography (CA) in interventional therapy. The angiographic features of the 15 cases were dynamically observed by 2 experienced radiologists in double-blind manner. Results: Similar interpretations were given by the 2 radiologists. In CA, pseudo-occlusion occurred at the bifurcation of the common hepatic artery and the celiac artery in 8 cases, at the bifurcation of the common hepatic artery and the gastroduodenal artery in 6 cases and at the bifurcation of the right hepatic artery and the celiac artery in 1 case. No occlusion was found in SMA and the angiographic wire and catheter could pass easily through the occluded regions seen in CA. Conclusion: Pseudo occlusion of the anastomotic pathway between the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries is rare phenomenon. Its cause was not identified in our cases. It may result from the hemodynamic change or abnormality of the hepatic artery. It is very important to understand the existence of pseudo-occlusion in order to guide the catheterization in interventional therapy.

IMPAIRED ANGIOGENESIS FOLLOWING HIND-LIMB ISCHEMIA IN DIABETES MELLITUS MICE

Objective To investigate vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and its signaling pathway spontaneous response in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) mice to surgery-induced hind-limb ischemia.Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into two groups,one was fed with normal chow as control,and another was fed with high fat diet to induce T2DM.Fourteen weeks later,mice were surgically induced to hind-limb ischemia.Blood flow restoration was monitored with laser Doppler perfusion imaging.Tibialis anterior muscle was collected after 3 days of hind-limb ischemia.VEGF mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed using real-time PCR and ELISA;expressions of VEGF downstream signal molecules and receptors were analyzed using Western blotting and RT-PCR,respectively.Results Perfusion recovery 10,20,30 days after ischemia was significantly attenuated in T2DM compared with control group(P<0.05).T2DM impaired VEGF signaling pathway although VEGF levels increased in T2DM group.After ischemia,T2DM group had a comparable increase in VEGF expression compared with control group,but still had an impaired VEGF signaling pathway.Conclusion VEGF signaling pathway is abnormal in T2DM mice,although VEGF had a response to the ischemic stimulation.

Impact of the diameter of SonoVue microbubbles on binding characteristics of a new contrast agent targeted to choriocarcinoma cells in vitro

Objective:To evaluate the impact of the diameter of SonoVue microbubbles on binding characteristics, including the adhesion rate and stability, of a new contrast agent targeted to choriocarcinoma cells(JARs) in vitro, in order to establish a foundation to explore targeted ultrasound imaging for localization of tumor cell antigens and increase the early diagnostic rate for tumors.Methods:The objects were divided into three groups:the large microbubble group(n = 15), the middling microbubble group(n = 15) and the tiny microbubble group(n = 15).The rosette formation rate was counted.JARs were calculated by flow cytometry(FCM).The targeted contrast agent was prepared by mixing SonoVue microbubbles of different diam-eter with rabbit anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin(HCG) antibody.The binding rates of the targeted contrast agent to JARs before and after PBS rinse were analyzed.Results:The binding rate was significantly lower in the large microbubble group(61.7 ± 1.8)% than in the middling microbubble group(82.6 ± 4.5)% and the tiny microbubble group(91.3 ± 5.8)%(P < 0.05).The binding rates of different diameter microbubbles to JARs before and after PBS rinse were different.The middling microbubbles were the most stable ones, with the binding rate of(82.3 ± 4.5)% and(80.4 ± 3.9)% before and after PBS rinse(P > 0.05).The binding rates of the targeted microbubbles labeled with fluorescence to JARs were 68.6%, 81.3% and 89.3% in the large microbubble group, the middling microbubble group and the tiny microbubble group, respectively(P < 0.05).Conclu-sion:The binding capacity of the targeted SonoVue microbubbles to JARs is related to the diameter of the microbubble, which is determined by the shaking method before preparation.Modulating the diameter of SonoVue microbubbles may increase the binding rate and stability of targeted microbubbles to JARs, thus to improve the image of JARs.

Scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma displaying atypical findings on imaging studies

We describe a 15-mm scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） in a 60-year-old man with B-type cirrhosis. Ultrasound disclosed a 15-mm hypoechoic nodule in segment 7. Contrast-enhanced US revealed heterogeneous, not diffuse, hypervascularity in the early phase and a defect in the Kupffer phase.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography （CT） revealed a heterogeneous hypervascular nodule in the early phase and a low-density area in the late phase.Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） revealed iso- to hypointensity at T1 and high intensity at T2-weighted sequences. Contrast-enhanced MRI also revealed a heterogeneous hypervascular nodule in the early phase and washout in the late phase. Super-paramagnetic iron oxide-MRI revealed a hvoerintense nodule. CT during hepatic arteriography and CT during arterial portography revealed heterogeneous hyperattenuation and a perfusion defect, respectively. Based on these imaging findings the nodule was diagnosed as a mixed well-differentiated and moderately-differentiated HCC.Histologically, the nodule was moderately-differentiated HCC characterized by typical cytological and structural atypia with dense fibrosis. Immunohistochemically,the nodule was positive for heterochromatin protein 1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin, and negative for cytokeratin 19. From the above findings, the nodule was diagnosed as scirrhous HCC. Clinicians engaged in hepatology should exercise caution with suspected scirrhous HCC when imaging studies reveal atypical findings, as shown in our case on the basis of chronic liver disease.

高分子辅助的纳米粒子造影增强材料

纳米技术和纳米医学的研究在生物医学、疾病诊断和治疗方面显示出了巨大的应用潜力.有机荧光分子基检测技术已被广泛的用作造影和信号转换的工具用以测定痕量的分析物.然而,有机荧光分子基团的降解、光漂白作用使得其荧光的稳定性受到影响,从而限制了它们在复杂的生理环境中的应用.无机纳米粒子因其形状、尺寸和组成的不同而具有独特且稳定的光、电、磁及催化性能,可用作新型的生物纳米造影材料,能很好的解决造影检测技术所面临的难题.并且,纳米造影材料的表面修饰则可以提高它们的在生理条件下的稳定性和靶向生物活性分子的能力.

Essential sequence of the N-terminal cytoplasmic localization-related domain of huntingtin and its effect on huntingtin aggregates

Huntington＇s disease （HD） is caused by abnormal CAG repeat expansion in the 5＇-end of the Huntingtin （HTT） gene. In addition to the canonical C-terminal full-length huntingtin （htt） nuclear export signal, a cytoplasmic localization-related domain （CLRD） in the N-terminus of htt has recently been reported. Here, we analyzed this domain by introducing deletion and substitution mutations in a truncated N-terminal htt protein and subsequently monitored htt expression, aggregation and subcellular localization by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. We demonstrated that Htt1-17 was the essential sequence for htt cytoplasmic localization. We also found that the subcellular distribution of htt was altered when Htt1_17 was mutated to contain amino acids of different charges, suggesting a structural requirement of Htt1-17 for the cytoplasmic localization of htt. Deletion of the first three amino acids did not affect its association with mitochondria. We observed that defective cytoplasmic localization resulted in a reduction of total htt aggregates and increased nuclear aggregates, indicating that the subcellular distribution of the protein might influence the aggregation process. These studies provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of htt aggregation in HD.

Pulsatile blood flow through stenosed artery with axial translation

The study of pulsatile blood flow through axisymmetric stenosed artery subject to an axial translation has been attempted with hematocrit concentration-dependent blood viscosity. The heart contraction and subsequent relaxation generate periodic pressure gradient in blood flow and translation in the artery can be represented by Fourier series. Numerical data required for computing Fourier harmonics for the pressure gradient and acceleration in the artery has been simulated from pressure waveform graph and biplanar angiogram. Velocity field has been obtained by solving governing equation using variational Ritz method. The hemodynamic indicators WSS, AWSS, OSI, RRT are derived and computed numerically. The effects of thickness of stenosis, and hematocrit concentration index on these indicators are computed and analyzed through graphs.