English and Chinese both belong to satellite-flamed languages in lexicalizing motion events. However, they are not entirely identical in Path encoding. Path comprises Vector, Conformation, and Deictic. Vector comprise...English and Chinese both belong to satellite-flamed languages in lexicalizing motion events. However, they are not entirely identical in Path encoding. Path comprises Vector, Conformation, and Deictic. Vector comprises Arrival, Departure and Traversal. English and Chinese use different forms （prepositions vs. verbs） to represent Traversal. The Arrival component in Chinese can denote ＂realized arrival＂ while that in English cannot. English is not fine-grained as Chinese in the specification of Conformation. The use of Deictic in Chinese is more pervasive than that in English. Satellite elements in English are realized as particles and prepositions while those in Chinese are realized as directional verbs.展开更多
Nanotwinned diamond（nt-diamond）,which demonstrates unprecedented hardness and stability,is synthesized through the martensitic transformation of onion carbons at high pressure and high temperature（HPHT）.Its hardne...Nanotwinned diamond（nt-diamond）,which demonstrates unprecedented hardness and stability,is synthesized through the martensitic transformation of onion carbons at high pressure and high temperature（HPHT）.Its hardness and stability increase with decreasing twin thickness at the nanoscale.However,the formation mechanism of nanotwinning substructures within diamond nanograins is not well established.Here,we characterize the nanotwins in nt-diamonds synthesized under different HPHT conditions.Our observation shows that the nanotwin thickness reaches a minimum at ~20 GPa,below which phase-transformation twins and deformation twins coexist.Then,we use the density-functional-based tight-binding method and kinetic dislocation theory to investigate the subsequent plastic deformation mechanism in these pre-existing phase-transformation diamond twins.Our results suggest that pressure-dependent conversion of the plastic deformation mechanism occurs at a critical synthetic pressure for nt-diamond,which explains the existence of the minimum twin thickness.Our findings provide guidance on optimizing the synthetic conditions for fabricating nt-diamond with higher hardness and stability.展开更多
A sensitive CD44-biosensor based on quartz crystal microbalance(QCM) was proposed for evaluating metastatic potential of breast cancer cells by using hyaluronan(HA) functionalized substrate film,polydopamine and polye...A sensitive CD44-biosensor based on quartz crystal microbalance(QCM) was proposed for evaluating metastatic potential of breast cancer cells by using hyaluronan(HA) functionalized substrate film,polydopamine and polyethyleneimine composite film,for the purpose of capturing CD44-positive cancer cells through specific binding of HA to CD44.Two differently CD44-expressed breast cancer cell lines(MDAMB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells) were put to use as targets for quantitative analysis as well as evaluation of metastatic potential of the cells.The limit of detection for MDA-MB-231(M231) cells and MCF-7 cells were 300 and 1,000 cells mL ~1 respectively.The expression level of CD44 on M231 cells exhibited two times higher than that of MCF-7 cells,indicating of a higher metastatic potential.Moreover,poly-Llysine modified QCM sensor was applied to monitor the stiffness of breast cancer cells that can reflect metastatic potential of cells.The results revealed that the MCF-7 cells were stiffer than M231 cells,implying that the M231 cells possessed higher metastatic potential.The proposed protocol is simple and rapid to evaluate the metastatic potential of cancer cells,in addition to offering a promising diagnostic tool for metastatic cancer.展开更多
Objective： Mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPKs） are correlated with a more malignant phenotype in many cancers. This study was designed to evaluate the predictive value of the expression of MAPK phosphatase-1 ...Objective： Mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPKs） are correlated with a more malignant phenotype in many cancers. This study was designed to evaluate the predictive value of the expression of MAPK phosphatase-1 （MKP-1） and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （p-ERKl/2）, as the key regulatory mechanism of the MAPKs, in lung squamous cell carcinoma （SCC）. Methods： We assessed the expressions of MKP-1 and p-ERK1/2 in twenty subjects at different differentiation degree of SCC and five normal lungs by immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analysis. Results： Immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR assay showed that the expression of MKP-1 was gradually decreased as tissue type went from normal lung tissues to increasingly undifferentiated carcinoma, and it was negatively correlated with tumor differentiation （P〈0.01）. However, the expression of p-ERK1/2 or ERKl/2 was gradually increased as tissue type went from normal lung tissues to increasingly undifferentiated carcinoma, and it was positively correlated with tumor differentiation （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： Our data indicates the relevance of MKP-1 and p-ERK1/2 in SCC as a potential positive and negative prognostic factor. The imbalanced expression of MKP-1 and p-ERKl/2 may play a role in the development of SCC and these two molecules may be new targets for the therapy and prognosis of SCC.展开更多
文摘English and Chinese both belong to satellite-flamed languages in lexicalizing motion events. However, they are not entirely identical in Path encoding. Path comprises Vector, Conformation, and Deictic. Vector comprises Arrival, Departure and Traversal. English and Chinese use different forms （prepositions vs. verbs） to represent Traversal. The Arrival component in Chinese can denote ＂realized arrival＂ while that in English cannot. English is not fine-grained as Chinese in the specification of Conformation. The use of Deictic in Chinese is more pervasive than that in English. Satellite elements in English are realized as particles and prepositions while those in Chinese are realized as directional verbs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51421091,51332005,51572225,51272227, 51172197,51525205 and 51672239)the US National Science Foundation(EAR-1361276)
文摘Nanotwinned diamond（nt-diamond）,which demonstrates unprecedented hardness and stability,is synthesized through the martensitic transformation of onion carbons at high pressure and high temperature（HPHT）.Its hardness and stability increase with decreasing twin thickness at the nanoscale.However,the formation mechanism of nanotwinning substructures within diamond nanograins is not well established.Here,we characterize the nanotwins in nt-diamonds synthesized under different HPHT conditions.Our observation shows that the nanotwin thickness reaches a minimum at ~20 GPa,below which phase-transformation twins and deformation twins coexist.Then,we use the density-functional-based tight-binding method and kinetic dislocation theory to investigate the subsequent plastic deformation mechanism in these pre-existing phase-transformation diamond twins.Our results suggest that pressure-dependent conversion of the plastic deformation mechanism occurs at a critical synthetic pressure for nt-diamond,which explains the existence of the minimum twin thickness.Our findings provide guidance on optimizing the synthetic conditions for fabricating nt-diamond with higher hardness and stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21375048)
文摘A sensitive CD44-biosensor based on quartz crystal microbalance(QCM) was proposed for evaluating metastatic potential of breast cancer cells by using hyaluronan(HA) functionalized substrate film,polydopamine and polyethyleneimine composite film,for the purpose of capturing CD44-positive cancer cells through specific binding of HA to CD44.Two differently CD44-expressed breast cancer cell lines(MDAMB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells) were put to use as targets for quantitative analysis as well as evaluation of metastatic potential of the cells.The limit of detection for MDA-MB-231(M231) cells and MCF-7 cells were 300 and 1,000 cells mL ~1 respectively.The expression level of CD44 on M231 cells exhibited two times higher than that of MCF-7 cells,indicating of a higher metastatic potential.Moreover,poly-Llysine modified QCM sensor was applied to monitor the stiffness of breast cancer cells that can reflect metastatic potential of cells.The results revealed that the MCF-7 cells were stiffer than M231 cells,implying that the M231 cells possessed higher metastatic potential.The proposed protocol is simple and rapid to evaluate the metastatic potential of cancer cells,in addition to offering a promising diagnostic tool for metastatic cancer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30900654)the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (No. 2009R10031)the Health Bureau of Zhejiang Province (No. 2009QN010), China
文摘Objective： Mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPKs） are correlated with a more malignant phenotype in many cancers. This study was designed to evaluate the predictive value of the expression of MAPK phosphatase-1 （MKP-1） and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （p-ERKl/2）, as the key regulatory mechanism of the MAPKs, in lung squamous cell carcinoma （SCC）. Methods： We assessed the expressions of MKP-1 and p-ERK1/2 in twenty subjects at different differentiation degree of SCC and five normal lungs by immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analysis. Results： Immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR assay showed that the expression of MKP-1 was gradually decreased as tissue type went from normal lung tissues to increasingly undifferentiated carcinoma, and it was negatively correlated with tumor differentiation （P〈0.01）. However, the expression of p-ERK1/2 or ERKl/2 was gradually increased as tissue type went from normal lung tissues to increasingly undifferentiated carcinoma, and it was positively correlated with tumor differentiation （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： Our data indicates the relevance of MKP-1 and p-ERK1/2 in SCC as a potential positive and negative prognostic factor. The imbalanced expression of MKP-1 and p-ERKl/2 may play a role in the development of SCC and these two molecules may be new targets for the therapy and prognosis of SCC.
