北方猪皮细面革工艺的研究

本文研究了北方猪皮的组织结构特点,针对北方猪皮的结构特点,在工艺路线、工艺条件方面加强技术措施,以选择出一个有利于猪皮粒面细致、毛孔小、部位差小的猪皮细面革工艺。

猪苯胺细面革工艺研究

一、前言: 猪皮是我省的主要制革原料,资源丰富。从“六五”国家科技攻关起,我厂科研人员,通过近十年的试验研究,开发了猪服装革,猪沙发革、猪软面革、猪凉席革等品种,初步解决了猪皮毛眼粗,表面凸凹不平的缺陷,使猪皮革上了个档次。但随着人们生活水平的提高,对日常用品的质量性能要求提高,对革制品来讲,高档的各式男女箱包、软包、票夹。

黄土坡面细沟形态及其量化参数特征

通过黄土坡面模型和人工模拟降雨试验,定量分析了在45,87和127mm/h降雨强度下坡面细沟形态量化参数特征。结果表明,细沟形态量化参数随雨强的增加并不是单一的增加或减少,而是随着侵蚀的发展呈波动变化。裸地1和裸地2由于土壤容重的不同表现出不同的变化趋势。细沟分形维数与长度、密度间存在良好的正相关关系,说明非线性量化参数与传统单因子量化参数之间不是孤立的。分形维数作为整体性的量化参数,在坡面侵蚀发育的一定阶段内能够较好地表征细沟长度、密度的变化趋势。

复杂背景下机场道面细带状结构病害检测算法

机场道面裂缝、角隅断裂、接缝破碎、修补等病害宽度狭小、长短不一、图像中像素占比少,呈细带状结构,且与复杂背景对比度低,现有检测算法效果不佳。针对以上问题,提出了一种基于注意力机制与特征融合的深度神经网络模型DetMSPNet。首先,利用注意力机制模块CBAM,使得特征学习更加专注于细带状结构病害区域,抑制干扰信息;其次,构建残差空洞金字塔模块,提取不同尺度空间下的特征信息;然后,设计最大池化支路,便于之后浅、深层不同层次特征进行融合,加强模型对于病害的定位能力,并且将深层特征输入3种不同扩张率的扩张卷积和金字塔池化模块,使得病害特征包含更多全局上下文信息;最后,对所有层输出的病害特征信息进行融合,实现不同尺度、不同层次特征的信息互补。与目前3种经典的目标检测算法在机场道面病害图像数据集APD上做了对比实验,结果表明:所提算法的mAP达到78.51%,优于对比算法。所提DetMSPNet模型,提高了算法对机场道面细带状结构病害检测中宽度狭小、长短不一、图像中像素占比少、与复杂背景对比度低等情况的适应能力。

谈外墙普通水砂“细面”粉刷

水泥砂粉刷是施工中最普通的工艺。水砂粉刷的类型有两种,一种称光面粉刷,另一种称毛面粉刷或叫粗面粉刷。光面粉刷就是表面用铁板光平;粗面粉刷就是表面用木抹子抹平。粗面粉刷又可分为二个类型,一个叫粗砂面层,另一个叫做细砂面层。笔者通过多年的实践感到。

自然降雨条件下砒砂岩坡面细沟微形态及其侵蚀特征

[目的]研究自然降雨条件下砒砂岩坡面细沟微形态及其侵蚀特征,为区域土壤侵蚀机制研究提供理论参考。[方法]选择裸露砒砂岩坡面为研究对象,采用野外径流小区原位监测与三维激光扫描技术结合的方法,分析砒砂岩坡区13次降雨过程中坡面细沟数量、形态以及几何特征的动态变化特征,揭示细沟微形态变化过程对坡面产流产沙的影响机制。[结果]观测期研究区总降雨量为267.40 mm,总降雨历时为5893 min,总径流量为294.05 L,总泥沙量为111.34 kg。降雨对径流和泥沙的贡献率表现为:中雨(10.0~24.9 mm)>大雨(25.0~49.9 mm)>小雨(<10.0 mm)。中雨对坡面侵蚀影响程度最高。水力侵蚀导致坡面细沟形态上趋于复杂化,其总长达为40.52 m,平均宽度为4.31 cm,平均深度为1.22 cm。次降雨坡面细沟的发育过程表现为:溅蚀—片蚀—宽浅型细沟—连续细沟网—沟壁坍塌—沟道稳定;细沟趋于向窄深型发育。[结论]细沟各形态指标均呈现明显的二次多项式相关关系,细沟宽深比与沟壑密度对坡面产沙量存在显著影响。

猪二层细绒面服装革的生产技术

本文对二层细绒面服装革的生产过程控制、路线选择、化学处理、机械作用和传统生产方法的改变等以确保绒面的整张平细、成革档次提高等方面提出了自己的看法。

小麦粉品质和制面工艺对面条品质的影响研究

以普通小麦为原料，以非传统细条实心面条为对象，研究了挤压温度、食盐含量及小麦粉品质对细条实心面成品品质的影响。结果认为，升高加工温度，可以降低挤压阻力；提高食盐含量，增加挤压阻力。提高温度和食盐含量，都能增加面条的蒸煮吸水率和蒸煮干物质失落率；温度对面条蒸煮蛋白质的损失率影响较大。样品的蛋白质品质和淀粉的糊化特性对品质也有较大的影响。

Effects of Salt Stress on Epidermal Cell Expansion in Leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of salt stress on cell expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves.[Method] Arabidopsis seedlings were treated by sodium chloride at the concentration of 0,100 or 150 mmol/L. At the 7th and 14th d of treatment,with nail enamel printing mark method and computer software,the leaf blades area and abaxial epidermal pavement cells area was measured and compared using statistical analysis in Excel. [Result] The growth of Arabidopsis rosette leaves was inhibited under salt stress. Leaves treated for 7 or 14 d expanded less compared with controls. The salt-mediated decrease in leaf expansion is associated with a decrease in abaxial pavement cell expansion. [Conclusion] The decreased leaf and epidermal cell expansion under salt stress is the most important characteristic of plant physiological response to salt stress.

Microstructural development and its effects on mechanical properties of Al/Cu laminated composite

The microstructural development and its effect on the mechanical properties of Al/Cu laminated composite produced by asymmetrical roll bonding and annealing were studied. The composite characterizations were conducted by transmission electron microscope（TEM）, scanning electron microscope（SEM）, peeling tests and tensile tests. It is found that the ultra-fine grained laminated composites with tight bonding interface are prepared by the roll bonding technique. The annealing prompts the atomic diffusion in the interface between dissimilar matrixes, and even causes the formation of intermetallic compounds. The interfacial bonding strength increases to the maximum value owing to the interfacial solution strengthening at 300 °C annealing, but sharply decreases by the damage effect of intermetallic compounds at elevated temperatures. The composites obtain high tensile strength due to the Al crystallization grains and Cu twins at 300 °C. At 350 °C annealing, however, the composites get high elongation by the interfacial interlayer with submicron thickness.

Evaluation of ultra-fine grained tungsten under transient high heat flux by high-intensity pulsed ion beam

Pure tungsten, oxide dispersion strengthened tungsten and carbide dispersion strengthened tungsten were fabricated by high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering process. In order to evaluate the properties of the tungsten alloys under transient high heat flues, four tungsten samples with different grain sizes were tested by high-intensity pulsed ion beam with a heat flux as high as 160 MW/（m^2·s^-1/2）. Compared with the commercial tungsten, the surface modification of the oxide dispersion strengthened tungsten by high-intensity pulsed ion beam is completely different. The oxide dispersion strengthened tungsten shows inferior thermal shock response due to the low melting point second phase of Ti and Y2O3, which results in the surface melting, boiling bubbles and cracking. While the carbide dispersion strengthened tungsten shows better thermal shock response than the commercial tungsten.

厚枳散脐疗腹胀验例

厚朴、枳实各等分研为细面,组成基本方——厚枳散,辨证加味。按中医脐疗法治疗腹胀,取得一定效果。现报道如下:一、肝胃不和腹胀:肝气郁结,气机不利,胃失通降,腹部胀满。治宜疏肝理气。例:某女,28岁,工人。近年来,腹胀,时有隐痛,连及两胁。饮食尚可,二便正常。脉弦,舌稍红苔薄白。用厚朴,枳壳各1克,香附0.5克,共研细面,敷脐,每次0.3克,每周换药1次。用2次后腹胀大减,又用2次痊愈。

Novel method for exactly evaluating the energy of Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces

A novel method is produced to evaluate the energy of the Catmull-Clark subdivision surface including extraordinary points in the control mesh. A closed-form analytic formula for thin plate energy of the Catmull-Clark subdivision surface of arbitrary topology is derived through translating the Catmull-Clark subdivision surface into bi-cubic B-spline surface pieces. Using this method, both the membrane energy and the thin plate energy can be evaluated without requiring recursive subdivision. Therefore, it is more efficient and more accurate than the existing methods for calculating the energy of the Catmull-Clark subdivision surface with arbitrary topology. The example of surface fairing demonstrates that this method is efficient and successful for evaluating the energy of subdivision surfaces.

A Review on the Biological Characteristics and Secretory Functions of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells （ADSCs） can be largely and easily obtained from a wide range of sources. Moreover, they have self-renewal ability, multi-differentiation potential, and an important role in immune regulation. They can secrete a variety of cytokines to regulate the in vivo micro-environment. Therefore, ADSCs are the ideal seed ceils for stem ceils application. This paper reviews the location, isolation, surface markers, proliferation, differentiation and other biological characteristics of ADSCs, as well as their secretory function and relative researches. ADSCs are expected to become excellent seed cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering through in-depth studies.

Thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption for heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions onto surface amino-bacterial cellulose

Amino-bacterial cellulose（amino-BC） was prepared by chemical modification of bacterial cellulose（BC）.The adsorption characteristics and mechanism of amino-BC were studied.The results show that adsorption data can be fitted well by Langmuir equation and the pseudo-second order kinetics,indicating that the adsorption of amino-BC would obey monolayer molecule adsorption and the main action was chemisorption.Meanwhile,the adsorption process was studied by the Elovich equation and the intra-particle diffusion model,indicating that the absorption characteristics of metal ions on amino-BC is controlled by both film diffusion and particle diffusion.The increase of reaction temperature will accelerate the adsorbing rate because of endothermic reaction.

Biocorrosion property and cytocompatibility of calcium phosphate coated Mg alloy

Calcium phosphate coated Mg alloy was prepared. The phase constitute and surface morphology were identified and observed by X-ray diffractometer （XRD） and SEM. The results show that the coating is composed of flake-like CaHPO4-2H2O crystals. The corrosion resistance of the coated Mg alloy was measured by electrochemical polarization and immersion test in comparison with uncoated Mg alloy. Cytocompatibility was designed by observing the attachment, growth and proliferation of L929 cell on both coated and uncoated Mg alloy samples. The results display that the corrosion resistance of the coated Mg alloy is better than that of uncoated one. The immersion test also shows that the calcium phosphate coating can mitigate the corrosion of Mg alloy substrate, and tends to transform into hydroxyapatite （HA）. Compared with uncoated Mg alloy, L929 cells exhibit good adherence, growth and proliferation characteristics on the coated Mg alloy, indicating that the cytocompatibility is significantly improved with the calcium phosphate coating.

Evaluation of Productivity and Light Quality in Two High Density Dwarf Rootstock Apple Orchards in Central China

[Ohjective] The aim of the study is to investigate the productivity and light quality in two high density M26 dwarf rootstock apple orchards in central China so as to provide some management guidance for close planting of dwarf rootstock apples.[Method] The technical parameters of individual trees and group parameters as shoot number and composition and canopy coverage were determined, and the light quality in the canopy, fruit production and quality were investigated. [Result] Slender spindle （SS） orchard has 54 thousands shoots per 667 m^2. Coverage rate is 76%. Leaf area index is 1.9. The ratio of long, medium and spur shoots is 1：1：8. Fruit yield is 3 263 kg/667 m^2 with 85% first grade fruit. Light interception in the canopy is 58% while the ratio of canopy with good light is 65%. Modified slender spindle （MSS） orchard has 93 thousands shoots per 667 m^2 and the coverage is 77%. Leaf area index is 3.3. The ratio cf long, medium and spur shoots is 1：2：7. Fruit yield is 3 931 kg/667 m^2 with 85% first grade fruit. The light interception in the canopy is 73% while the ratio of canopy with good light is 35%. [Conclusion] Apple orchard with M26 dwarf rootstock trained as SS and MSS tree form in medium planting density may be useful to the management of the similar orchards in Central China.

对部分石材产品常用术语的理解

1992年我国编制了《天然饰面石材术语》(GB/T13890—1992)国家标准,随着石材工业的发展,一些新的术语也迫切需要补充进去。本文从生产实践中对一些新的术语提出了理解,对一些老的术语进行了口语化的解释(但在正式文件或设计中还应以正式标准用语为准),有利于日常交流。我们迫切需要一个全面、准确的新的石材术语标准尽快出台。

INTERFACE DAMAGE ANALYSIS OF FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES WITH DUCTILE MATRIX

A cohesive zone model is employed to simulate the fiber/matrix interface damage of composites with ductile matrix. The study is carried out to investigate the dependence of the interface damage and the composite tensile strength on the micro parameters of the composite. These parameters contain fiber packing pattern, fiber volume fraction, and the modulus ratio of the fiber to the matrix. The investigation reveals that though the high fiber vo lume fraction, the high fiber′s modulus and the square fiber packing can supply strong reinforcement to the composite, the interface damage is susceptible in these cases. The tensile strength of the composite is dominated by the interface strength when the interface debonding occurs.