钢琴练习曲音乐织体的大致分类

织体学是属于作曲法范畴的技术理论之一。"织体"是音乐作品中声部的组合方式,因此也称为"声部结构"。钢琴是性能较为完整的多声乐器之一,之所以被誉为"乐器王子",其中一个重要的原因是作为一件乐器能够演奏出多层的织体,而且钢琴作品音响饱满、层次丰富。因此,钢琴作品的音乐织体很有研究价值。本文将从音乐织体的基本概念、分类入手,重点介绍钢琴作品,尤其是钢琴练习曲的织体。

Automated body composition analysis system based on chest CT for evaluating content of muscle and adipose

Objective To establish a body composition analysis system based on chest CT,and to observe its value for evaluating content of chest muscle and adipose.Methods T7—T8 layer CT images of 108 pneumonia patients were collected(segmented dataset),and chest CT data of 984 patients were screened from the COVID 19-CT dataset(10 cases were randomly selected as whole test dataset,the remaining 974 cases were selected as layer selection dataset).T7—T8 layer was classified based on convolutional neural network(CNN)derived networks,including ResNet,ResNeXt,MobileNet,ShuffleNet,DenseNet,EfficientNet and ConvNeXt,then the accuracy,precision,recall and specificity were used to evaluate the performance of layer selection dataset.The skeletal muscle(SM),subcutaneous adipose tissue(SAT),intermuscular adipose tissue(IMAT)and visceral adipose tissue(VAT)were segmented using classical fully CNN(FCN)derived network,including FCN,SegNet,UNet,Attention UNet,UNET++,nnUNet,UNeXt and CMUNeXt,then Dice similarity coefficient(DSC),intersection over union(IoU)and 95 Hausdorff distance(HD)were used to evaluate the performance of segmented dataset.The automatic body composition analysis system was constructed based on optimal layer selection network and segmentation network,the mean absolute error(MAE),root mean squared error(RMSE)and standard deviation(SD)of MAE were used to evaluate the performance of automatic system for testing the whole test dataset.Results The accuracy,precision,recall and specificity of DenseNet network for automatically classifying T7—T8 layer from chest CT images was 95.06%,84.83%,92.27%and 95.78%,respectively,which were all higher than those of the other layer selection networks.In segmentation of SM,SAT,IMAT and overall,DSC and IoU of UNet++network were all higher,while 95HD of UNet++network were all lower than those of the other segmentation networks.Using DenseNet as the layer selection network and UNet++as the segmentation network,MAE of the automatic body composition analysis system for predicting SM,SAT,IMAT,VAT and MAE was 27.09,6.95,6.65 and 3.35 cm 2,respectively.Conclusion The body composition analysis system based on chest CT could be used to assess content of chest muscle and adipose.Among them,the UNet++network had better segmentation performance in adipose tissue than SM.

Crystallization microstructure of Mg_(65)Cu_(25)Y_(10) bulk amorphous alloy

Mg65Cu25Y10 bulk amorphous alloy specimens prepared by conventional copper mould method were heated at 200 °C for different time and the phase contents as well as microstructure were studied.The XRD results show that the crystallization of Mg65Cu25Y10 bulk amorphous alloy specimen becomes complete as the treating time increases and Mg2Cu,Mg24Y5 and HCP-Mg crystalline phases are found.Snowflake-like morphology is found in different specimens through SEM observation.The EDS patterns show that the composition of the snowflake-like structure is close to that of the as-cast alloy.Laminated structures are observed from the TEM images of the snowflake-like structure.From the electron diffraction patterns,it is seen that the snowflake-like structure is the combination of Mg24Y5 and amorphous matrix.The FCC-Mg phase in the matrix transforms into HCP-Mg during the heat-treating process.

Formation characteristic of Ca-P coatings on magnesium alloy surface

A chemical method was used to deposit dicalcium phosphate dehydrate coatings on AZ91 magnesium alloy. The aim was to improve the biodegradation behavior of magnesium alloy in a simulated body fluid. The microstructures of the coating before and after immersion in the simulated body fluid were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） The results indicated that the dicalcium phosphate dehydrate coatings exhibited two morphologies during the pre-calcification process. The titration speed of the pre-calcification process had great influence on the morphologies of the pre-calcification coatings. As the soaking time increased, the diffraction peaks of dicalcium phosphate dehydrate disappeared and hydroxyapatite precipitated on the coated substrate surfaces. This indicates the dissolution of dicalcium phosphate dehydrate during the immersion process. The structures of the dicalcium phosphate dehydrate coatings and the formation mechanisms of the hydroxyapatite coatings were investigated in detail.

席曼诺夫斯基《第四交响曲》(Op.60)的音高组织研究

席曼诺夫斯基的《第四交响曲》是其晚期最重要的大型乐曲之一。它力图融合交响曲与协奏曲两种体裁,强化独奏乐器与乐队的交融,突显交响性。文章围绕音高组织的主题与结构、和声与调性、织体设计等来阐述其特征。

陈银淑《钢琴练习曲》中泛音音高组织的运用

陈银淑在《钢琴练习曲》中大量运用了由泛音列构成的音高素材。本文从频谱作曲观念出发,站在作曲家的角度,分析和总结《钢琴练习曲》中泛音音高组织运用。

Effect of liquid nitriding at 400–670 ℃ on microstructure and properties of C110 Steel

Liquid nitriding of Cll0 steel was conducted in a wide range of temperatures （400-670 ℃） using a kind of chemical heat-treatments, and the hardness, mechanical and corrosion properties of the nitrided surface were evaluated. Experimental results revealed that the microstructure and phase constituents of the nitrided surface alloy are highly depended on the processing condition. When C 110 steel was subjected to liquid nitriding at 430 ℃, the nitrided layer was almost composed of a thin e-Fe2-3N layer. When C 110 steel was subjected to liquid nitriding at 640 ℃, the phase composition of the nitrided layer was greatly changed. The nitrided layer depth increased significantly with increasing the treating temperature. The liquid nitriding effectively improved the surface hardness. After liquid nitriding, the absorption energy of the treated sample decreased and the tensile strength increased by Charpy V-notch （CVN） test. But the elongation of treated sample decreased. The reason is that the nitrided layer of sample is hardened and there is brittlement by diffusion of nitrogen atom. Despite of treatment temperature, the liquid nitriding can improve the corrosion. After being nitrided at 430 ℃, the nitrided layer of the C110 steel was mainly composed by e-Fe2 3N, which has excellent corrosion resistance and high microhardness, the nitrided sample has the best corrosion resistance. After nitriding temperature over 580 ℃, especially at 680 ℃, the sample＇s surface was covered by the thick oxide layer, which has very low hardness and corrosion resistance. So, the corrosion resistance of samples is severely compromised.

Fabricating ultralow-power-excitable lanthanide-doped inorganic nanoparticles with anomalous thermo-enhanced photoluminescence behavior

Trivalent lanthanide(Ln^(3+))-doped luminescent nanoparticles(NPs)have been extensively investigated as deep-tissue-penetration visual bioimaging agents owing to their exceptional upconversion and near-infrared(NIR)luminescence upon irradiation of NIR light.However,in most cases,the power density of irradiation used for in vivo biological imaging is much higher than that of the reported maximum permissible exposure(MPE)value of NIR light,which inevitably does great damage to the living organisms under study and thus impedes the plausible clinical applications.Herein,by using a facile syringe pump-aided shell epitaxial growth method,we construct for the first time a new class of Ln^(3+)-doped KMgF_(3):Yb/Er@KMgF_(3)core-shell NPs that can be activated by utilizing a 980-nm xenon lamp or diode laser with an ultralow excitation power density down to 0.08 mW cm^(−2),a value that is approximately 4 orders of magnitude lower than the MPE value set by the American National Standards Institute(ANSI)for safe bioimaging in vivo.By combining the comparative spectroscopic investigations with atomic-resolved spherical aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy(AC-TEM)characterization,we find that the reduced crystallographic defects are the primary cause underlying such an ultralow-power-excitable feature of the KMgF_(3):Yb/Er@KMgF_(3)core-shell NPs.And,by the same token,the resultant KMgF_(3):Yb/Er@KMgF_(3)core-shell NPs also exhibit an anomalous thermo-enhanced photoluminescence(PL)behavior coupled with an excellent photothermal stability that cannot occur in other Ln^(3+)-doped core-shell NPs.These findings described here unambiguously pave a new way to prepare high-quality Ln^(3+)-doped luminescent NPs with desirable ultralow-power-excitable capability and photothermal stability for future biomedical applications.