蚁巢

也许你会为野外蚂蚁列队觅食而好奇地驻足,想寻踪究底,去看看他们的家——蚁巢。当你翻开石头,便看到大团的蚂蚁因你的“闯入”而正搬动它们白色的小宝宝幼虫和蛹逃离险境,免受伤害。也许你看到在高大树杈上的蚁巢而误作鸟巢,正要细看,却惊动了巢中的蚂蚁而“惹了一身蚁”,因为他们对人侵者是毫不客气的。

Histological Study on the Ovary Development of Varicorhinus gerlachi

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the histological characteristics of ovary development of Varicorhinus gerlachi.[Method] The annual variation of ovary and oocyte development of Varicorhinus gerlachi were observed and studied by means of histological method.[Result] Ovary development of Varicorhinus gerlachi was divided into 6 stages,and oocyte development had 6 phases,namely oocytes were in original differentiation state in phase Ⅰ,and yolk nucleus could be found obviously in phase Ⅱ.Vacuoles appeared in oocyte in phase Ⅲ,while oocytes differentiated obviously in phase Ⅳ,with the amalgamation of some yolk granules.Eggs formed and oocytes degenerated in phase V and Ⅵ.The development of ovary belonged to non-synchronous and multiple spawning type.In addition,Varicorhinus gerlachi began to spawn in April,and peak period was from May to July.[Conclusion] The study could provide technical parameters for the artificial propagation of Varicorhinus gerlachi.

Influence of Early Pregnancy Termination by Focused Ultrasound Beams on Menstrual Recovery of Macaques

Objective To explore the effects on macaques’ menstrual recovery after terminating early pregnancy by focused ultrasound beams (FUB) Methods FUB was used to terminate early pregnancy in 5 macaques with gestation duration ranging from 37-66 d. Two circles after the recovery of menstruation, color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to estimate the shape, size and blood flow of uterus, and pathological examinations were performed to check against any lesions to uterine endometrium and ovary. Results Forty days after FUB abortion, menstruation recovered and the volume and duration of each macaque’s menstruation were not changed compared with those be- fore gestation. CDFI and MRI suggested that the size and shape of uterus were normal. The endometrial line was clear and no lesions were found in adjacent organs. Conclusion FUB termination of early pregnancy in macaques did not damage their ovarian tissue and had no influence on subsequent menstrual recovery.Key words: focused ultrasound beams (FUB); macaque; early pregnancy; menstrual recovery

Research Developments on the Histopathology and Prognostic Predictors of Serous Borderline Tumor of Ovary

Serous borderline tumor of ovary (SBT)includes two subtypes of typical serous borderline tumor andmicropapillary variant, which have different histopathologyfeatures. Although SBTs behave in either way of the benigncounterparts or malignant serous carcinomas, microinvasion,peritoneal implants, and nodal involvement are all very commonin both subtypes of typical SBT and the micropapillary variant.The prognosis of the patients with serous borderline tumorof ovary and the mechanism of the microinvasion, peritonealimplantation and nodal involvement are still being debated, noris there universal agreement about the management of SBT. Toidentify the histopathologic features, prognostic predictors ofthe SBT, and its association with ovarian serous carcinomas, wereviewed the majority of the relevant papers published in recentliterature.

Histological origin of pseudomyxoma peritonei in Chinese women:Clinicopathology and

AIM： To investigate the myxoma peritonei （PMP） histological origin of pseudo- n Chinese women. METHODS： The clinical and pathological data were reviewed for 35 women with PMP, and specimens of the peritoneal, appendiceal and ovarian lesions of each patient were examined using the PV-6000 immunohistochemistry method. Antibodies included cytokeratin （CK）7, CK20, mucin （MUC）-1, MUC-2, carbohydrate antigen （CA）-125, estrogen receptor （ER）, and progesterone receptor （PR）. RESULTS： Abundant colloidal mucinous tumors were observed in the peritoneum in all 35 cases. Thirty-one patients had a history of appendectomy, 28 of whom had mucinous lesions. There was one patient with appendicitis, one whose appendix showed no apparent pathological changes, and one with unknown surgical pathology. Ovarian mucinous tumors were found in 24 patients. The tumors were bilateral in 13 patients, on the right-side in nine, and on the left side in two. Twenty patients had combined appendiceal and ovarian lesions; 16 of whom had undergone initial surgery for appendiceal lesions. Four patients had undergone initial surgery for ovarian lesions, and relapse occurred in these patients at 1, 11, 32 and 85 mo after initial surgery. Appendi-ceal mucinous tumors were found in each of these four patients. Thirty-three of the 35 patients showed peritoneal lesions that were positive for CK20 and MUC-2, but negative for CK7, MUC-1, CA125, ER and PR. The expression patterns in the appendix and the ovary were similar to those of the peritoneal lesions. In one of the remaining two cases, CK20, CK7 and MUC-2 were positive, and MUC-1, CA125, ER and PR were negative. The ovaries were not resected. The appendix of one patient was removed at another hospital, and no specimen was evaluated. In the other case, the appendix appeared to be normal during surgery, and was not resected. Peritoneal and ovarian lesions were negative for CK20, MUC-2, CK7, MUC-1, CA125, ER and PR. CONCLUSION： Most PMP originated from the appendix. Among women with PMP, the ovarian tumors were implanted rather than primary. For patients with PMP, appendectomy should be performed routinely. The ovaries, especially the right ovaries should be explored.

Expression of Bmi-1 and EZH2 in tissues adjacent to human epithelial ovarian cancer cells of orthotopic implantation in nude mice

Objective This study investigated the feasibility of screening residual normal ovarian tissues based on the expression of Bmi-1 and EZH2 in tissues adjacent to orthotopic ovarian carcinomas in nude mice. Methods The human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR3 was grown in subcutaneous tissues and the tumor tissues were orthotopically implanted. The expression levels of Bmi-1 and EZH2 were detected by immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR in cancer tissues, proximal and remote tissues with respect to the cancer tissues, and normal ovarian tissues of nude mice.Results Thirty-five ovarian tissue samples with normal biopsy results were obtained from 40 cases of human epithelial ovarian cancer in the nude mice in which the tumor tissues were orthotopically implanted. Bmi-1 and EZH2 expression levels were lower in proximal paraneoplastic tissue samples than in cancer tissue samples(P < 0.05) and higher than in remote paraneoplastic tissue samples(P < 0.01). No significant difference was found in the expression levels of Bmi-1 and EZH2 using immunohistochemistry among residual normal ovarian tissues obtained from orthotopically implanted models that differed in severity. The expression of Bmi-1 and EZH2 was negative in 20 normal ovarian tissue samples.Conclusion The expression levels of Bmi-1 and EZH2 were reduced with increasing distance from the cancer tissues. Negative expression of these tumor-associated genes can be used as a standard for the screening of normal ovarian tissues adjacent to tumor tissues. Normal ovarian tissues can be obtained from the tissues adjacent to tumors.

Morphology and survival of cryopreserved-thawed ovarian tissues after heterotopic autotransplantation

Objective： The aim of our study was to observe the survival and morphological changes of thawed ovarian tis- sues after heterotopic transplantation. Methods： Twenty SPF-SD female rats （5-6 weeks old） were equally randomized into the control group and experimental group. In control group, the freshly isolated ovaries were fixed in formalin. In experimental group, the freshly isolated ovaries were vitrified immediately and cut into thin slices. After stored in liquid nitrogen for 21 days, the tissues of experimental group were rapidly thawed and transplanted into back muscles of rats for 2 or 4 weeks, respectively. After that, all rats in experimental group were sacrificed and the ovarian tissues were collected and fixed in 4% formaldehyde solution. Then the ovarian tissues were stained with HE and observed under the light confocal microscope. Re- suits： With the naked eyes, there was no specific alteration except the size reduction with color changing. Under microscopy, we found normal cortex and medulla in the ovary, and the primordial follicles and follicles in various stages were observed in the cortex. The normal oocytes in ovarian tissues of experimental group were significant decreased than in the control group. Conclusion： The ovarian tissues survive well in experimental group and there is no significant difference in the proportion of follicles between different times （2 and 4 weeks） after grafting. Our results suggest that thawed ovarian tissues could survive after heterotopic transplantation into back muscles of rat models and maintain their morphology and function.

Effects of heterotopic autotransplantation of cryopreserved-thawed ovarian tissues on sex hormone level

Objective: The aim of our study was to measure and compare the serum hormone level of transplant group with blank control and castrated control groups after heterotopic autotransplantation of cryopreserved-thawed ovarian tissues into back muscles. Methods: A total of 40 SPF-SD female rats(5–6 week-old) were randomly divided into three groups: blank control group(group A), castration control group(group B) and transplant group(group C). Ovaries were removed by surgical procedure, then after cryopreservation and thawing procedures the ovarian tissues were implanted into the back muscles of mice in group C. After 4 weeks of ovarian tissues transplantation, all rats blood sampling were measured for E2, LH and FSH hormone levels by ELISA. Results: E2 level was significantly higher in group C and group A than group B [(38.98 ± 5.66) pg/mL,(8.14 ± 3.24) pg/mL; P < 0.05) and [(36.30 ± 6.90) pg/mL,(8.14 ± 3.24) pg/mL; P < 0.05)]. However, E2 level in group C and group A had no significant difference. FSH level in group B, group A and group C was(18.87 ± 2.54) nmol/L,(7.77 ± 0.87) nmol/L and(9.39 ± 2.12) nmol/L respectively. FSH level increased significantly in group B compared with group A, and the difference had statistical significance(P < 0.05). FSH level was slightly increased in group C compared with group A, and the difference was not statistically significant(P > 0.05), but compared with group B, FSH level was significantly reduced and being statistically significant(P < 0.05). Conclusion: Autotransplantation of cryopreserved-thawed ovarian tissue into back muscles can sustain follicular development and re-establish endogenous hormone production by restoring the factors such as angiogenesis and innervations at the graft site.

Morphological and ultrastructural changes in rat ovarian tissues after cryopreservation

Objective: The aim of the study was to observe and compare the effects of cryopreservation and thawing meth- ods on rat ovarian tissues. Methods: Twenty 5-6 weeks old SPF-SD female rats were randomly divided into two groups, with ten rats in each group. Freshly isolated ovaries saved as a control (group 1: fresh ovaries) in formalin-fixed or vitrified immediately after dissection (group 2: vitrified ovaries). Ovaries in vitrified group were processed into thin slices then cryo- preserved, stored in liquid nitrogen for 21 days, rapidly thawed and grossly examined. All of the collected ovaries underwent hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin serial sections and observed the microscopic evaluation in vitrified ovaries. Results: Grossly the vitrified ovaries turned pale color and the size was same as before freeze. The vitrified ovarian tissue had normal anatomical structures of cortex and medulla under the microscope and had no difference with the fresh control ovarian tis- sue. The number and distribution of the follicles were similar with the fresh ovarian tissue, but had smaller size and the gap between oocyte and the surrounding granulosa cells was increased. Few ooctyes were in irregular appearance however the morphology of follicular cells did not give a different appearance as compared to the fresh control ovarian tissue. Conclusion: Cryopreservation of ovarian tissues by vitrification method has some detrimental effect on the morphology of follicles but does not induce negative impact on the number, density and survival of the primordial ovarian follicles. However the whole follicle anatomical structures also had no significant changes.

Justicia insularis Improves the in vitro Survival and Development of Ovine Preantral Follicles Enclosed in Ovarian Tissue

Objectives： Evaluating the addition effect of./. insularis extract and FSH on the survival, activation and ROS production after in vitro culture of ovine preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue. Methods： In the first experiment, ovarian fragments were fixed （non-cultured control） or in vitro cultured in α-MEM＋ （cultured control）, α-MEM＋ supplemented with FSH 50 ng/mL, or in α-MEM＋supplemented with J. insularis （JUS0.3; 1.25 or 5 mg/mL） for 1 or 7 days, at 39℃, 5% CO2. In the second experiment, fragments were fixed or cultured in α-MEM＋ supplemented with anethole 300 μg/mL ＋ FSH 50 ng/mL or in α-MEM＋ supplemented with anethole 300μg/mL ＋ 0.3 mg/mL JUS. Key findings： JUS0.3 was the only treatment that maintained the percentage of morphologically normal follicles similar to non-cultured control even after 7 days of culture. After 7 days of culture, a higher （p 〈 0.05） percentage of developing follicles was observed in JUS5 treatment compared with the other treatments except JUS 1.25. In the second experiment, FSH maintained the percentage of normal follicles and promoted activation of primordial follicles. A reduction （p 〈 0.05） of stromal cell density was observed in MEM＋＋ANE supplemented with JUS or FSH. Conclusions： J. insularis in a concentration-dependent manner maintained the levels of ROS and improved in vitro follicular survival and activation of ovine primordial follicles.

Correlation between epithelial ovarian cancer and thrombocytosis

Objective： To evaluate the clinical significance of platelet （PLT） count in epithelial ovarian cancer, and to investigate the correlation between thrombocytosis and the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods： We evaluated 220 epithelial ovarian tumor patients divided into early stage epithelial ovarian cancer group （n = 80）, advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer group （n = 50） and benign ovarian tumor group （n = 90） as controls, who underwent primary surgical treatment. Three groups were evaluated with the relationship between platelet counts and preoperative and postoperative CA125, histopathology, abdominal edema, residual tumor, and lymph node metastasis. Epithelial ovarian cancer patients were evaluated whether platelet count was decreased after surgery. Results： The mean platelet counts were （234.55 ± 71.51）× 10^9/L in the early stage epithelial ovarian cancer group, （308.12±111.95）× 10^9/L in the advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer group, and （206.28± 52.62） × 10^9/L in the benign ovarian tumor group, with a significant difference among the 3 groups （P 〈 0.05）. In the early stage epithelial ovarian cancer group, the platelet count was correlated with histopathology. In the advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer group, there was a correlation between thrombocytosis and the incidence of that residual tumor diameter was greater than 2 cm. But there was no relationship between platelet count and histopathology, CA125, abdominal edema, or lymph node metastasis. In general the platelet count was decreased after surgery. Conclusion： An increased platelet count is commonly seen in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, but it usually decreases after surgery. Patients with thrombocytosis have poor prognosis. Platelet count can be used as a marker for the development and prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Scrub typhus hepatitis confirmed by immunohistochemical staining

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi （0. tsutsugamushi）. We report herein the case of a woman who presented with fever and elevated serum levels of liver enzymes and who was definitively diagnosed with scrub typhus by his- topathological examination of liver biopsy specimens, serological tests and nested polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal an- ti-O. tsutsugamushi antibody showed focally scattered positive immunoreactions in the cytoplasm of some hepatocytes. This case suggests that scrub typhus hepatitis causes mild focal inflammation due to direct liver damage without causing piecemeal necrosis or interface hepatitis. Thus, scrub typhus hepatitis differs from acute viral hepatitis secondary to liver damage due to host immune responses, which causes severe Iobular disarray with diffuse hepatocytic degeneration, necrosis and apoptosis as well as findings indicative of hepatic cholestasis, such as hepatic bile plugs or brown pigmentation of hepatocytes.

动物“劳模”大PK

静谧的夜空中，一瓣橘子似的月亮斜挂在树梢上，月亮旁边，几颗星星眨巴着眼睛，像在聚精会神地倾听什么。

Modified vitrification method for cryopreservation of human ovarian tissues

Background Vitrification is a prospective technology in ovarian tissue cryopreservation, but it is still in an initial stage. This study was conducted to investigate a modified vitrification protocol for human ovarian tissue, which can be used as an alternative to preserve fertility for young women with cancer who have to undergo cytotoxic therapy and sterilization. Methods Ovarian tissue samples were collected from 15 patients and randomly allocated to groups of fresh, vitrification, and conventional slow freezing. A modified carrierless vitrification method was applied. The proportion of morphologically intact follicles in fresh ovarian tissues was compared with that in warmed/thawed tissues. The initial growth of the follicles and the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were detected to determine the viability and endocrine function of the cryopreserved tissues. Results The proportion of morphologically intact primordial follicles in the fresh group （97.6%） was significantly higher than that in the other two groups （vitrification group 80.3% and slow-freezing group 72.6%, P〈0.001）. In both the vitrification and slow-freezing groups, estradiol and progesterone were secreted continuously during 2-week culture in vitro, the proportion of primary follicles were both significantly increased compared to the fresh group. No statistically significant differences existed between the two groups after cryopreservation in the proportion of both primordial and primary follicles, and the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone （P〉0.05）.Conclusion The modified vitrification method for cryopreservation of human ovarian tissues is effective, simple, and inexpensive.

Effect of Ermiao Fang with Xixin(Herba Asari Mandshurici) on bone marrow stem cell directional homing to a focal zone in an osteoarthritis rat model

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Ermiao Fang(EM) with medical guide Xixin(Herba Asari Mandshurici)(HAM) on bone marrow stem cell migration to a focal zone in osteoarthritis(OA) rats.METHODS: OA rats were induced by arthrectomy and assigned to sham-operated, model, EM, or EM plus HAM groups.All rats were injected with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 30μg·kg-1·d-1for7 days and treated with EMor EM plus HAM at 1.6 or 1.9 g·kg-1·d-1 for 3 or 6 weeks, respectively. Chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage matrix components were tested by transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling assay and special staining. Levels of interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β) tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) nitric oxide(NO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or radioimmunoassay. Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)-13,tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases(TIMPs)-1,Bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU), cluster of differentiation 34(CD34), and stromal cell-derived factor 1(SDF-1) were measured by immunohistochemical assay.RESULTS:The EM and EM plus HAM groups had significantly less cartilage damage and synovium inflammation the model group. Moreover, the EM and EM plus HAM groups had less chondrocyte apoptosis and more proteoglycan and collagen content than the model group.The EM and EMplus HAM groups had obviously higher MMPs-13 and TIMPs-1 expression in the cartilage than the model group. Moreover, the two formula groups had less release of IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, and iNOS than model group. Importantly, the expressions of BrdU, CD34,and SDF-1 in cartilage were significantly higher in the EM and EM plus HAM-Medtreated rats than model group. Notably, the EM plus HAM treatment seemed to have the greatest effects.CONCLUSION: HAM improves the therapeutic effects of EM on OA rats by enhancing BMSC directional homing to the focal zone.