A 3D temperature field distribution of biological tissue for superficial hyperthermia using a pulse modulated microwave （PMMW） was presented. A 3D sliced homogeneous phantom was radiated by the PMMW and an infrared ...A 3D temperature field distribution of biological tissue for superficial hyperthermia using a pulse modulated microwave （PMMW） was presented. A 3D sliced homogeneous phantom was radiated by the PMMW and an infrared thermal imager was applied to image temperature distribution throughout the phantom. The period of the PMMW is 3 s and the output power is 35 W. The temperature rises by at least 3 ℃ in the phantom when the duty cycle varies from 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 to 1 （denoted by scenarios 1-4）. Both the accumulative temperature-volume histogram and the relative depth-area ratio histogram show that the maximum temperature rise （MTR） is 6.6 and 8 ℃ in scenarios 2 and 3, and they are superior to scenarios 1 and 4. Furthermore, the PMMW can control temperature field distribution of biological tissue. It provides both preliminary basis for thermal volume control and new technology for temperature control and monitor in superficial hyperthermia.展开更多
This field study sought to determine the all-weather surface construction providing the least contaminated runoff and drainage effluent when exposed to moderate to heavy precipitation and different manure loads in hor...This field study sought to determine the all-weather surface construction providing the least contaminated runoff and drainage effluent when exposed to moderate to heavy precipitation and different manure loads in horse paddocks during wintertime. Two different combinations of non-woven and woven geotextile together with two gravel fractions of 200 nlm were exposed to precipitation and horse manure/urine for two years under two manure regimes （manure removal and manure accumulation）. In a simulated rainfall （SR） study, the test areas were also exposed to 50 mm precipitation for 30 min and 15 kg of horse manure under the two manure regimes. Runoff, drainage effluent and leachate flow were measured and sampled for both regimes. The geotextile-gravel construction reduced runoff and drained the test area throughout the two-year period, confirming construction stability and a dry walking surface area at a mean drain flow of 3.65 L m2 h1. The concentrations of total N, total phosphorus （TP）, chemical oxygen demand （COD） and total solids （TS） in fluids leaving the test areas in winter were lower than in previous studies, due to lower horse density. The mean drainage concentration of TP, COD and TS was 3.4, 231, 739 mg L1, respectively, due to manure removal in the SR study. The TP （1.9 mg L-1） concentration in drain fluids was reduced by 47% in the test area consisting of a single geotextile compared with previously reported values （3.6 mg Ll）. With the paddock designs tested here, non-point pollution from paddocks could be controlled and reduced.展开更多
基金Project(50977064) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A 3D temperature field distribution of biological tissue for superficial hyperthermia using a pulse modulated microwave （PMMW） was presented. A 3D sliced homogeneous phantom was radiated by the PMMW and an infrared thermal imager was applied to image temperature distribution throughout the phantom. The period of the PMMW is 3 s and the output power is 35 W. The temperature rises by at least 3 ℃ in the phantom when the duty cycle varies from 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 to 1 （denoted by scenarios 1-4）. Both the accumulative temperature-volume histogram and the relative depth-area ratio histogram show that the maximum temperature rise （MTR） is 6.6 and 8 ℃ in scenarios 2 and 3, and they are superior to scenarios 1 and 4. Furthermore, the PMMW can control temperature field distribution of biological tissue. It provides both preliminary basis for thermal volume control and new technology for temperature control and monitor in superficial hyperthermia.
文摘This field study sought to determine the all-weather surface construction providing the least contaminated runoff and drainage effluent when exposed to moderate to heavy precipitation and different manure loads in horse paddocks during wintertime. Two different combinations of non-woven and woven geotextile together with two gravel fractions of 200 nlm were exposed to precipitation and horse manure/urine for two years under two manure regimes （manure removal and manure accumulation）. In a simulated rainfall （SR） study, the test areas were also exposed to 50 mm precipitation for 30 min and 15 kg of horse manure under the two manure regimes. Runoff, drainage effluent and leachate flow were measured and sampled for both regimes. The geotextile-gravel construction reduced runoff and drained the test area throughout the two-year period, confirming construction stability and a dry walking surface area at a mean drain flow of 3.65 L m2 h1. The concentrations of total N, total phosphorus （TP）, chemical oxygen demand （COD） and total solids （TS） in fluids leaving the test areas in winter were lower than in previous studies, due to lower horse density. The mean drainage concentration of TP, COD and TS was 3.4, 231, 739 mg L1, respectively, due to manure removal in the SR study. The TP （1.9 mg L-1） concentration in drain fluids was reduced by 47% in the test area consisting of a single geotextile compared with previously reported values （3.6 mg Ll）. With the paddock designs tested here, non-point pollution from paddocks could be controlled and reduced.
